The transverse-mass dependence of the correlation-strength parameter $\lambda$ in 30-40% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the correlation-strength parameter $\lambda$ in 40-50% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the correlation-strength parameter $\lambda$ in 50-60% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$ in 0-10% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$ in 10-20% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$ in 20-30% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$ in 30-40% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$ in 40-50% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$ in 50-60% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-index of stability parameter $\alpha$ in 0-10% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-index of stability parameter $\alpha$ in 10-20% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-index of stability parameter $\alpha$ in 20-30% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-index of stability parameter $\alpha$ in 30-40% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-index of stability parameter $\alpha$ in 40-50% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the Lévy-index of stability parameter $\alpha$ in 50-60% centrality bin obtained from Lévy fits with Eq. (9).

The transverse-mass dependence of the normalized correlation-strength parameter $\lambda/\lambda_{\rm max}$ for 0-10% centrality intervals. For each centrality bin the data are fitted with the Gaussian function of Eq. (15). This parameterization can describe the data and is discussed in detail in Section VI B. The fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 7.

The transverse-mass dependence of the normalized correlation-strength parameter $\lambda/\lambda_{\rm max}$ for 10-20% centrality intervals. For each centrality bin the data are fitted with the Gaussian function of Eq. (15). This parameterization can describe the data and is discussed in detail in Section VI B. The fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 7.

The transverse-mass dependence of the normalized correlation-strength parameter $\lambda/\lambda_{\rm max}$ for 20-30% centrality intervals. For each centrality bin the data are fitted with the Gaussian function of Eq. (15). This parameterization can describe the data and is discussed in detail in Section VI B. The fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 7.

The transverse-mass dependence of the normalized correlation-strength parameter $\lambda/\lambda_{\rm max}$ for 30-40% centrality intervals. For each centrality bin the data are fitted with the Gaussian function of Eq. (15). This parameterization can describe the data and is discussed in detail in Section VI B. The fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 7.

The transverse-mass dependence of the normalized correlation-strength parameter $\lambda/\lambda_{\rm max}$ for 40-50% centrality interval. For each centrality bin the data are fitted with the Gaussian function of Eq. (15). This parameterization can describe the data and is discussed in detail in Section VI B. The fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 7.

The transverse-mass dependence of the normalized correlation-strength parameter $\lambda/\lambda_{\rm max}$ for 50-60% centrality interval. For each centrality bin the data are fitted with the Gaussian function of Eq. (15). This parameterization can describe the data and is discussed in detail in Section VI B. The fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 7.

The transverse-mass dependence of the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$, shown in 0-10% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the A and B linear fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 8.

The transverse-mass dependence of the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$, shown in 10-20% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the A and B linear fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 8.

The transverse-mass dependence of the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$, shown in 20-30% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the A and B linear fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 8.

The transverse-mass dependence of the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$, shown in 30-40% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the A and B linear fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 8.

The transverse-mass dependence of the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$, shown in 40-50% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the A and B linear fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 8.

The transverse-mass dependence of the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter $R$, shown in 50-60% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the A and B linear fit parameters with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 8.

The transverse-mass dependence of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter, shown in 0-10% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the linear fit parameters $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{B}$ with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 9

The transverse-mass dependence of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter, shown in 10-20% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the linear fit parameters $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{B}$ with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 9

The transverse-mass dependence of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter, shown in 20-30% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the linear fit parameters $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{B}$ with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 9

The transverse-mass dependence of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter, shown in 30-40% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the linear fit parameters $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{B}$ with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 9

The transverse-mass dependence of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter, shown in 40-50% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the linear fit parameters $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{B}$ with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 9

The transverse-mass dependence of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter, shown in 50-60% centrality bin. The values and uncertainties of the linear fit parameters $\widehat{A}$ and $\widehat{B}$ with the statistic and systematic uncertainties are shown in Fig. 9

The $H$ parameter that characterize the magnitude of the $\lambda/\lambda_{max}(m_T)$ and is defined in Eq. (15)., shown as functions of $N_{part}$.

The $\sigma$ parameter that characterize the width of the $\lambda/\lambda_{max}(m_T)$ and is defined in Eq. (15)., shown as functions of $N_{part}$.

The parameter $A$ of the affine linear fit to the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter that are defined in Eq.(12) as function of $N_{part}$

The parameter $B$ of the affine linear fit to the inverse square of the Lévy-scale parameter that are defined in Eq.(12) as function of $N_{part}$

The parameter $\widehat{A}$ of the affine linear fit to the inverse of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter that are defined in Eq.(14) as function of $N_{part}$.

The parameter $\widehat{B}$ of the affine linear fit to the inverse of the $\widehat{R}$ parameter that are defined in Eq.(14) as function of $N_{part}$.

The centrality dependence of $\alpha_0$, the $m_T$-averaged value of $\alpha$ as a function of $N_{part}$.

The Lévy scale parameter $R$ as a function of $N^{1/3}_{part}$ at $m_T=0.326$ GeV.

The Lévy scale parameter $R$ as a function of $N^{1/3}_{part}$ at $m_T=0.438$ GeV.

The Lévy scale parameter $R$ as a function of $N^{1/3}_{part}$ at $m_T=0.553$ GeV.

The Lévy scale parameter $R$ as a function of $N^{1/3}_{part}$ at $m_T=0.670$ GeV.

The Lévy scale parameter $R$ as a function of $N^{1/3}_{part}$ at $m_T=0.787$ GeV.

Monte Carlo calcuations with no mass drop assumed in 0-10%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with no mass drop assumed in 10-20%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with no mass drop assumed in 20-30%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with no mass drop assumed in 30-40%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with no mass drop assumed in 40-50%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with no mass drop assumed in 50-60%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with the best mass drop assumed in 0-10%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with the best mass drop assumed in 10-20%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with the best mass drop assumed in 20-30%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with the best mass drop assumed in 30-40%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with the best mass drop assumed in 40-50%.

Monte Carlo calcuations with the best mass drop assumed in 50-60%.

The best values of $B^{-1}_{\eta\prime}$ spectrum of the $\eta\prime$ condensate in the six centrality classes.

The centrality dependence of the best values of the in-medium mass of the $m^{*}_{\eta\prime}$.

The CL maps of the comparison of the MC to data in 0-10% (see Fig. 11).

The CL maps of the comparison of the MC to data in 10-20% (see Fig. 11).

The CL maps of the comparison of the MC to data in 20-30% (see Fig. 11).

The CL maps of the comparison of the MC to data in 30-40% (see Fig. 11).

The CL maps of the comparison of the MC to data in 40-50% (see Fig. 11).

The CL maps of the comparison of the MC to data in 50-60% (see Fig. 11).

Data from Figure 2, panel b, U+U, 0-0.5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel a, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel b, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel c, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel d, 0-5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel e, 0-5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel f, 0-5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel a, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel a, U+U, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel b, Au+Au, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel b, U+U, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel c, Au+Au, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel c, U+U, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel d, Au+Au, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel d, U+U, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel a, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel a, Au+Au, standard method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel a, Au+Au, difference, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel b, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel b, Au+Au, standard, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel b, Au+Au, difference, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel c, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel c, Au+Au, standard, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel c, Au+Au, difference, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Figure 1b, lower panel, subevent

Figure 2a, full-event

Figure 2b, subevent

Figure 3b

Figure 3c

Figure 3e

Figure 3f

Figure 4a

Figure 4b

Figure 5a, full-event

Figure 5b, subevent

Figure 5c, full-event

Figure 5d, subevent

Figure 6a

Figure 6b

Figure 7a, full-event

Figure 7b, subevent

Figure 7c, full-event

Figure 7d, subevent

Figure 8a, full-event

Figure 8b, subevent

Figure 9a, full-event

Figure 9b, subevent

Figure 10a, full-event

Figure 10b, subevent

Figure 11a, full-event

Figure 11b, full-event

Figure 11c, full-event

Figure 11d, subevent

Figure 11e, subevent

Figure 11f, subevent

Figure 12a, full-event

Figure 12b, subevent

Figure 13

Figure 14a

Figure 14b

Figure 2a, full-event

Figure 2b, subevent

Figure 3

Figure 4

\Delta v_1 between proton and anti-proton vs rapidity in Au+Au 200 GeV 50-80% centrality.

\Delta v_1 between proton and anti-proton vs rapidity in Zr+Zr and Ru+Ru (combined) 200 GeV 50-80% centrality.

\Delta v_1 between proton and anti-proton vs rapidity in Au+Au 27 GeV 50-80% centrality.

\Delta dv1/dy as a function of centrality in Au+Au 200 GeV.

\Delta dv1/dy as a function of centrality in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr 200 GeV

\Delta dv1/dy as a function of centrality in Au+Au 27 GeV.

Direct photon spectra for minimum bias (0-86%) Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ GeV (a) and $39$ GeV (b). For $62.4$ GeV also centrality bins of 0-20% (c) and 20-40% (d) are shown. Data points are shown with statistical and systematic uncertainties, unless the central value is negative (arrows) or is consistent with zero within the statistical uncertainties (arrows with data point). In these cases upper limit with CL = 95$%$ are given.

Inverse slopes, $T_{eff}$ , obtained from fitting the combined data from central collisions shown in Fig. 11 is compared to the fit results of the individual data sets at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ GeV, $200$ GeV, and $2760$ GeV. Also included is the value for $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 39$ GeV obtained from fitting the min. bias data set in the lower $p_T$ range.

Integrated invariant direct-photon yields vs. charged particle multiplicity for $p_{T}$ integrated from (a) 0.4 GeV/c, (b) 1.0 GeV/c, (c) 1.5 GeV/c, and (d) 2.0 to 5.0 GeV/c for all available A+A datasets.

Integrated invariant direct-photon yields vs. charged particle multiplicity for $p_{T}$ integrated from (a) 0.4 GeV/c, (b) 1.0 GeV/c, (c) 1.5 GeV/c, and (d) 2.0 to 5.0 GeV/c for all available A+A datasets.

Integrated invariant direct-photon yields vs. charged particle multiplicity for $p_{T}$ integrated from (a) 0.4 GeV/c, (b) 1.0 GeV/c, (c) 1.5 GeV/c, and (d) 2.0 to 5.0 GeV/c for all available A+A datasets.

Integrated invariant direct-photon yields vs. charged particle multiplicity for $p_{T}$ integrated from (a) 0.4 GeV/c, (b) 1.0 GeV/c, (c) 1.5 GeV/c, and (d) 2.0 to 5.0 GeV/c for all available A+A datasets.

Integrated direct-photon yields from A+A collisions for $p_{T,min}$ of $5$ GeV/c (a) and $8$ GeV/c. The representation is the same as in Fig. 13. Also shown are the results from pQCD calculations scaled by $N_{coll}$

Integrated direct-photon yields from A+A collisions for $p_{T,min}$ of $5$ GeV/c (a) and $8$ GeV/c. The representation is the same as in Fig. 13. Also shown are the results from pQCD calculations scaled by $N_{coll}$

The $\alpha$ values extracted using fits to integrated direct photon yields. The dashed line gives the average $\alpha$ value for the 4 lower $p_{T,min}$ points. Also shown is a model calculation for $\alpha$ discussed in the text.

Integrated away-side $\gamma_{dir}$-h per-trigger $I_{AA}$ and $I_{dA}$ of Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p, as a function of $\xi$.

$I_{AA}$ vs $\xi$ for direct photon $p_{T}^{\gamma}$ of 5-7 GeV/$c$, 7-9 GeV/$c$, and 9-12 GeV/$c$.

$I_{AA}$ vs $\xi$ for direct photon $p_{T}^{\gamma}$ of 5-7 GeV/$c$, 7-9 GeV/$c$, and 9-12 GeV/$c$.

$I_{AA}$ vs $\xi$ for direct photon $p_{T}^{\gamma}$ of 5-7 GeV/$c$, 7-9 GeV/$c$, and 9-12 GeV/$c$.

$I_{AA}$ as a function of $\xi$ for direct photon $p_{T}^{\gamma}$ of 5-7, 7-9, and 9-12 GeV/$c$. Three away-side integration ranges are chosen to calculate the per-trigger yield and the corresponding $I_{AA}$, $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/2$, $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/3$, and $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/6$.

$I_{AA}$ as a function of $\xi$ for direct photon $p_{T}^{\gamma}$ of 5-7, 7-9, and 9-12 GeV/$c$. Three away-side integration ranges are chosen to calculate the per-trigger yield and the corresponding $I_{AA}$, $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/2$, $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/3$, and $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/6$.

$I_{AA}$ as a function of $\xi$ for direct photon $p_{T}^{\gamma}$ of 5-7, 7-9, and 9-12 GeV/$c$. Three away-side integration ranges are chosen to calculate the per-trigger yield and the corresponding $I_{AA}$, $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/2$, $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/3$, and $|\Delta\phi-\pi|<\pi/6$.

Ratios of $I_{AA}$ as a function of direct photon $p_T$ for three different away-side integration ranges.

Measured $I_{AA}$ for direct photon $p_T$ of 5-7, 7-9, and 9-12 GeV/$c$, as a function of $\xi$, are compared with theoretical model calculations.

Measured $I_{AA}$ for direct photon $p_T$ of 5-7, 7-9, and 9-12 GeV/$c$, as a function of $\xi$, are compared with theoretical model calculations.

Measured $I_{AA}$ for direct photon $p_T$ of 5-7, 7-9, and 9-12 GeV/$c$, as a function of $\xi$, are compared with theoretical model calculations.

<K+>/<PI>+.

Inverse slope parameter T.

Inverse slope parameter T.

Inverse slope parameter T.

Inverse slope parameter T.

K-/PI- at y=0.

K-/PI- at y=0.

<K->/<PI->.

<K->/<PI->.

Direct photon spectra(Nucl. Part. Phys. 23, A1 (1997)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in p+p at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 63 GeV.

Direct photon spectra(Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 51, 836 (1990)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in p+p at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 63 GeV.

Direct photon spectra normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 62.4 GeV.

Direct photon spectra normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 39.0 GeV.

Direct photon spectra(Physical Review C91, 064904 (2015)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 200 GeV.

Direct photon spectra(Physical Review Letters 104, 132301 (2010)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 200 GeV.

Direct photon spectra(Physical Review Letters 109, 152302 (2012)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 200 GeV.

Direct photon spectra(Physical Review C98, 054902 (2018)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 200 GeV.

Direct photon spectra(Physics Letters B754 235 (2016)) normalized by $(dN_{ch}/d\eta)^{1.25}$ for in Pb+Pb at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 2760 GeV.

Number of binary collisions N_{coll} vs. Charged particle multiplicity in Au+Au at various cm energies.

Charged particle multiplicity vs. centrality in Au+Au at various cm energies.

Number of binary collisions N_{coll} vs. centrality in Au+Au at various cm energies.

Integrated direct photon yield vs. Charged particle multiplicity in various systems at various cm energies.

Charged particle multiplicity vs. centrality in various systems at various cm energies.

Integrated direct photon yield vs. centrality in various systems at various cm energies.

Integrated direct photon yield vs. Charged particle multiplicity in various systems at various cm energies.

Charged particle multiplicity vs. centrality in various systems at various cm energies.

Integrated direct photon yield vs. centrality in various systems at various cm energies.