Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions from Lattice QCD Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations for net-baryon.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations for net-proton (No Decay).

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are STAR data.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from UrQMD net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from AMPT default net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from AMPT String Melting net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from Therminator net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from Hijing net-proton.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution.

Average charged particle transverse momentum as a function of the number of charged particles in the event.

Bin averaged scaled momentum spectra in the Q**2 range 10240 to 20480 GeV**2.

Bin averaged scaled momentum spectra in the Q**2 range 20480 to 40960 GeV**2.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0 to 0.02.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.02 to 0.05.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.05 to 0.1.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.1 to 0.2.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.2 to 0.3.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.3 to 0.4.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.4 to 0.5.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.5 to 0.7.

Number of charged particles per event and per unit of XP as a function of Q**2 in the XP range 0.7 to 1.0.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 5120 to 10240 GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 2560 to 5120 GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 1280 to 2560 GeV in four W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 640 to 1280 GeV in four W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 320 to 640GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 160 to 320 GeV in four W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 60 to 160 GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 50 to 60 GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 40 to 50 GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 30 to 40 GeV in three W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 20 to 30 GeV in two W ranges.

The normalized charged particle density for the Q**2 range 10 to 20 GeV in two W ranges.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7<\eta<-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7<\eta<-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).

Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).

The TPC mid-rapidity multiplicity distributions ($|\eta|$ < 0.5) for the corresponding E-FTPC selected centrality bins.

Uncorrected charged particle multiplicity distribution measured in the TPC within $|\eta|$ < 0.5 in pp collisions at 200 GeV.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Vertex-finding efficiency (ǫvtx) and fake vertex rate (δfake) as a function of the number of good global tracks (a) and the number of good primary tracks (b). Errors shown or smaller than the point size are statistical only.

Vertex-finding efficiency (ǫvtx) and fake vertex rate (δfake) as a function of the number of good global tracks (a) and the number of good primary tracks (b). Errors shown or smaller than the point size are statistical only.

The $p_{T}$ dependent correction to particle spectra due to fake vertex events, $\epsilon_{fake}(p_{T})$, in 200 GeV minimum bias pp and d+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

The $p_{T}$ dependent correction to particle spectra due to fake vertex events, $\epsilon_{fake}(p_{T})$, in 200 GeV minimum bias pp and d+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in pp (a) and d+Au collisions (b) at 200 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in pp (a) and d+Au collisions (b) at 200 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.40 < p⊥ < 0.45 GeV/c in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.70 < p⊥ < 0.75 GeV/c in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.40 < p⊥ < 0.45 GeV/c in 62.4 GeV 0-5% central Au+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.70 < p⊥ < 0.75 GeV/c in 62.4 GeV 0-5% central Au+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

Pion background fraction from weak decays ($\Lambda, K_S^0$) and $\mu^{+-}$ contamination as a function of p⊥ in minimum bias d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Errors shown are statistical only.

Pion background fraction from weak decays ($\Lambda, K_S^0$) and $\mu^{+-}$ contamination as a function of p⊥ in minimum bias d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Errors shown are statistical only.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified pion spectra in Au+Au collisions at 130 GeV. Spectra are plotted for eight centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-6%, 6-11%, 11-18%, 18- 26%, 26-34%, 34-45%, 45-58%, and 58-85%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but they are smaller than the data point size. The curves are the Bose-Einstein fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K+/π+ and K−/π− ratios as a function of the collision energy in pp and central heavy-ion collisions.

The K+/K− ratio as a function of the collision energy in central heavy-ion collisions.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Baryon chemical potential extracted for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted chemical freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted chemical freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted kinetic freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Average transverse radial flow velocity extracted from the blast-wave model for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Phase diagram plot of chemical freezeout temperature versus baryon chemical potential extracted from chemical equilibrium models. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Phase diagram plot of chemical freezeout temperature versus baryon chemical potential extracted from chemical equilibrium models. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Differential cross-sections obtained from the optical and MC Glauber calculations for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Statistical errors are smaller than the point size.

Differential cross-sections obtained from the optical and MC Glauber calculations for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Statistical errors are smaller than the point size.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 12 to 20.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 20 to 30.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 30 to 45.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 45 to 100.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the Meff bin 1.5 to 4.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the Meff bin 4 to 8.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the Meff bin 8 to 12.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the Meff bin 12 to 20.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for W = 70 to 100 GeV.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for W = 100 to 150 GeV.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for W = 150 to 225 GeV.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for the Meff bin 1.5 to 4.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for the Meff bin 4 to 8.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for the Meff bin 8 to 12.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for the Meff bin 12 to 20.

Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the hadronic centre of mass (HCM) frame for the Meff bin 20 to 30.

Mean charged multiplicity measured in the Breit frame as a function of 2*E(Breit current region) with the assumptions of stable or decaying K0 and LAMBDA particles.

Mean charged multiplicity measured to the current fragmentation region of the HCM frame as a function of W with the assumptions of stable or decaying K0 and LAMBDA particles.

Mean charged multiplicity measured in the Breit frame as a function of Meff with the assumptions of stable or decaying K0 and LAMBDA particles.

Mean charged multiplicity measured in the current fragmentation region of the HCM frame as a function of Meff with the assumptions of stable or decaying K0 and LAMBDA particles.

Measurements of unbiased gluon jet multiplicity as a function of the energy scale Q=PT(C=LE).

Results for ALPHAS from fits of the ln R-matching predictions for the fractional 2-jet rate observable (D2), and the mean jet multiplicities (N) for the Durham and Cambridge schemes. The errors shown are total errors and contain all the statistics and systematics.

Results for ALPHAS at the Z0 mass from fits of the O(alphas**2) predicitonsfor the energy evolution of the mean 2-jet cross section <Y23> for the DURHAM a nd JADE schemes. The errors shown are total errors and contain all the statistics and systematics.

Results for ALPHAS at the Z0 mass from fits of the O(alphas**2) predicitonsfor the 3-jet fractions (R3) for the JADE, DURHAM and CAMBRIDGE schemes. The errors shown are total errors and contain all the statistics and systematics.

N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets define using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

Mean value of the observable Ynm (the value of YCUT at the boundary betweenn and (n+1=m) jets) as a function of the c.m. energy. Data from JADE and OPAL collaborations. Jets defined using the JADE/E0 alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Differential distributions in Ynm (the minimum YCUT for the separation inton and m(=n+1) jets). ) from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

Mean value of the observable Ynm (the value of YCUT at the boundary betweenn and (n+1=m) jets) as a function of the c.m. energy. Data from JADE and OPAL collaborations. Jets defined using the DURHAM alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Differential N-Jet rates from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

Mean jet multiplicity as a function of YCUT from the OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets defined using the CAMBRIDGE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 35 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from JADE collaboration at c.m. energy 44 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 91 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 133 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 161 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 172 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 183 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.

N-Jet rates from OPAL collaboration at c.m. energy 189 GeV. Jets define using the CONE alogrithm.