Quark and gluon jets with the same energy, 24 GeV, are compared in symmetric three-jet configurations from hadronic Z decays observed by the ALEPH detector. Jets are defined using the Durham algorithm. Gluon jets are identified using an anti-tag on b jets, based on a track impact parameter method. The comparison of gluon and mixed flavour quark jets shows that gluon jets have a softer fragmentation function, a larger angular width and a higher particle multiplicity, Evidence is presented which shows that the corresponding differences between gluon and b jets are significantly smaller. In a statistically limited comparison the multiplicity in c jets was found to be comparable with that observed for the jets of mixed quark flavour.
B-jets are identified with the lepton-tag analysis.
The same kinematics as in the table 1.
Three jet events arising from decays of the Z boson, collected by the DELPHI detector, were used to measure differences in quark and gluon fragmentation. Gluon jets were anti-tagged by identifying b quark jets. Unbiased quark jets came from events with two jets plus one photon. Quark and gluon jet properties in different energy ranges were compared for the first time within the same detector. Quark and gluon jets of nearly the same energy in symmetric three jet event topologies were also compared. Using three independent methods, the average value of the ratio of the mean charged multiplicities of gluon and quark jets is $$< r >=1.241 pm 0.015 (stat.)pm 0.025 (syst.).$$ Gluon jets are broader and produce fragments with a softer energy spectrum than quark jets of equivalent energy. The string effect has been observed in fully symmetric three jet events. The measured ratio Rγ of the charged particle flow in the qq̅ inter-jet region of the qq̅g and qq̅γ samples agrees with the perturbative QCD expectation. The dependence of the mean charged multiplicity on the hadronic center-of-mass energy was analysed in photon plus n-jet events. The value for αs(MZ) determined from these data using a QCD prediction with corrections at leading and next-to-leading order is $$←pha_s(M_Z)=0.116pm 0.003 (stat.)pm 03009 (syst.).$$
No description provided.
Durham and JADE algoritms were used.
We present the first measurement of the correlation between the $Z^0$ spin and the three-jet plane orientation in polarized $Z^0$ decays into three jets in the SLD experiment at SLAC utilizing a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The CP-even and T-odd triple product $\vec{S_Z}\cdot(\vec{k_1}\times \vec{k_2})$ formed from the two fastest jet momenta, $\vec{k_1}$ and $\vec{k_2}$, and the $Z^0$ polarization vector $\vec{S_Z}$, is sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. We measure the expectation value of this quantity to be consistent with zero and set 95\% C.L. limits of $-0.022 < \beta < 0.039$ on the correlation between the $Z^0$-spin and the three-jet plane orientation.
Asymmetry extracted from formula: (1/SIG(Q=3JET))*D(SIG)/D(COS(OMEGA)) = 9/16*[(1-1/3*(COS(OMEGA))**2) + ASYM*Az*(1-2*Pmis(ABS(COS(OMEGA))))*COS(OMEGA)], where OMEGA is polar angle of [k1,k2] vector (jet-plane normal), Pmis is the p robability of misassignment of of jet-plane normal, Az is beam polarization. Jets were reconstructed using the 'Durham' jet algorithm with a jet-resol ution parameter Yc = 0.005.
Earlier measurements at LEP of isolated hard photons in hadronic Z decays, attributed to radiation from primary quark pairs, have been extended in the ALEPH experiment to include hard photon productioninside hadron jets. Events are selected where all particles combine democratically to form hadron jets, one of which contains a photon with a fractional energyz≥0.7. After statistical subtraction of non-prompt photons, the quark-to-photon fragmentation function,D(z), is extracted directly from the measured 2-jet rate. By taking into account the perturbative contributions toD(z) obtained from anO(ααs) QCD calculation, the unknown non-perturbative component ofD(z) is then determined at highz. Provided due account is taken of hadronization effects nearz=1, a good description of the other event topologies is then found.
2-jet events. Variable Z has been defined as E(gamma)/(E(gamma)+E(had)), where E(gamma) is the energy of the hard photon in 'photon-jet', E(had) is the energy of the rest hadrons in jet. Ycut is jet resolution parameter (see paper).
2-jet events. Variable Z has been defined as E(gamma)/(E(gamma)+E(had)), where E(gamma) is the energy of the hard photon in 'photon-jet', E(had) is the energy of the rest hadrons in jet. Ycut is jet resolution parameter (see paper).
2-jet events. Variable Z has been defined as E(gamma)/(E(gamma)+E(had)), where E(gamma) is the energy of the hard photon in 'photon-jet', E(had) is the energy of the rest hadrons in jet. Ycut is jet resolution parameter (see paper).
We have measured the multiplicity of charm quark pairs arising from gluon splitting in a sample of about 3.5 million hadronic Z 0 decays. By selecting a 3-jet event topology and tagging charmed hadrons in the lowest energy jet using leptons, we established a signature of heavy quark pair production from gluons. The average number of gluons splitting into a c c pair per hadronic event was measured to be n g→c c =(2.27±0.28±0.41) × 10 −2 .
Axis error includes +- 8.4/8.4 contribution (Total generator error for the electron channel due to the uncertainties in parameters of Peterson model of fragmentation, LAMBDA_QCD, ALPHA_S, Lund fragmentation parameters and lepton decay model).
Quark and gluon jets with equal energies are identified in three-jet hadronicZ0 events, using reconstructed secondary vertices from heavy quark decay in conjunction with energy orderi
No description provided.
Distributions are presented of event shape variables, jet roduction rates and charged particle momenta obtained from 53 000 hadronicZ decays. They are compared to the predictions of the QCD+hadronization models JETSET, ARIADNE and HERWIG, and are used to optimize several model parameters. The JETSET and ARIADNE coherent parton shower (PS) models with running αs and string fragmentation yield the best description of the data. The HERWIG parton shower model with cluster fragmentation fits the data less well. The data are in better agreement with JETSET PS than with JETSETO(αS2) matrix elements (ME) even when the renormalization scale is optimized.
Sphericity distribution.
Sphericity distribution.
Aplanarity distribution.
None
Three different methods are used for extraction Alphas value (see text for details). Systematical errors with C=HADR and C=THEOR are due to hadronization correction and theoretical uncertainties.
We have measured the ratio of the strong coupling constants α s for bottom quarks and light quarks at the Z 0 resonance, in order to test the flavour independence of the strong interaction. The coupling strength α s has been determined from the fraction of events with three jets, measured for a sample of all hardronic events, and for inclusive muon and electron events. The b purity is evaluated to be 22% for the first data set and 87% for the inclusive lepton sample. We find α s ( b ) α s ( udsc ) =1.00± 0.05 ( stat. )±0.06 ( syst. ) .
No description provided.
None
Data at Parton level.
Ratio data/(Monte Carlo) at Parton level.
Data at Parton level.. Distribution of Ellis-Karliner angle.
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