Data collected at the Z resonance using the DELPHI detector at LEP are used to determine the charged hadron multiplicity in gluon and quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale. The colour factor ratio, \cacf, is directly observed in the increase of multiplicities with that scale. The smaller than expected multiplicity ratio in gluon to quark jets is understood by differences in the hadronization of the leading quark or gluon. From the dependence of the charged hadron multiplicity on the opening angle in symmetric three-jet events the colour factor ratio is measured to be: C_A/C_F = 2.246 \pm 0.062 (stat.) \pm 0.080 (syst.) \pm 0.095 (theo.)
Charged multiplicity in events with a hard photon, as a function of the apparent centre-of-mass energy (SQRT(S)) of the hadronic system. The errors shown are statistical only.
Charged multiplicity in symmetric three jet events as function of the opening angle between the low energetic jets, THETA1. Jets are defined from charged and neutral particles using the DURHAM algorithm. The errors shown are statistical only.
Twice the difference of the multiplicity in three jet events and in qqbar events of comparable scale 2(N_3jet-N_qqbar). The three-jet event multiplicity isequal to the data of Fig. 3c), the qqbar-multiplicity is taken from a fit of th e e+e- data corrected for the varying b-quark contribution. This multiplicity can be identified with the multiplicity of a hypothetical gluon-gluon event. Thereis a normalization uncertainty (i.e. a scale independent constant) of the gluon -gluon event multiplicity which should not influence the slope of the gg-multiplicity with scale (see paper). The errors shown are statistical only.
We present a measurement of the average b-hadron lifetime τ b at the e + e − collider LEP. Using hadronic Z decays collected in the period from 1991 to 1994, two independent analyses have been performed. In the first one, the b-decay position is reconstructed as a secondary vertex of hadronic b-decay particles. The second analysis is an updated measurement of τ b using the impact parameter of leptons with high momentum and high transverse momentum. The combined result is τ b =[1549±9 (stat) ±15 (syst)] fs . In addition, we measure the average charged b-decay multiplicity 〈 n b 〉 and the normalized average b-energy 〈 x E 〉 b at LEP to be 〈n b 〉=4.90±0.04 (stat)±0.11 (syst), 〈x E 〉 b =0.709±0.004 (stat+syst).
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We present a study of the inclusive production of neutral pions and charged particles from 112 000 hadronic Z 0 decays. The measured inclusive momentum distributions can be reproduced by parton shower Monte Carlo programs and also by an analytical QCD calculation. Comparing our results to e + e − data between √ s = 9 and 91 GeV, we findfind that the evolution of the spectra with center of mass energy is consistent with the QCD predictions.
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Error is dominated by systematic uncertainties.
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We compare the particle flow in the event plane of three-jet qq¯g (quark-antiquark-gluon) events with the particle flow in radiative annihilation events qq¯γ (quark-antiquark-photon) for similar kinematic configurations. In the angular region between quark and antiquark jet, we find a significant decrease in particle density for qq¯g as compared to qq¯γ. This effect is predicted in QCD as a result of destructive interference between soft-gluon radiation from quark, antiquark, and hard gluon.
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We have made a detailed comparison of the charged-particle flow in three-jet events (e+e−→qq¯g) and radiative two-jet events (e+e−→qq¯γ) from e+e− annihilation at Ec.m.=29 GeV. Accurate comparisons can be made because these two event types have similar topologies. In the angular region between the quark and antiquark jets, we observe substantially fewer charged tracks in the two-jet events than in the radiative three-jet events.
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CHARGED HADRON MEASUREMENTS ARE TAKEN FROM R.A. PERCHANOK, PHD THESIS, CORNELL UNIVERSITY (1983).
CHARGED HADRON MEASUREMENTS ARE TAKEN FROM G.J. RUCINSKI, PHD THESIS, CORNELL UNIVERSITY (1983).
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