We have measured the differential cross section for π−p elastic scattering at 180° in steps of 0.10 GeV/c or less in the region P0=1.6 to 5.3 GeV/c. We detected elastic scattering events, from protons in a liquid H2 target, with a double spectrometer consisting of magnets and scintillation counters in coincidence. The incident π− beam was counted by scintillation counters. The cross section was found to have considerable structure. This may be interpreted as interference between the resonant amplitudes and the nonresonant or background amplitude. Very strong destructive interference occurs around P0=2.15 GeV/c, where the cross section drops almost two orders of magnitude in passing through the N*(2190). Another interesting feature of the data is a large narrow peak in the cross section at P0=5.12 GeV/c, providing firm evidence for the existence of a nucleon resonance with a mass of 3245±10 MeV. This N*(3245) has a full width of less than 35 MeV, which is about 1% of its mass. From this experiment we were able to determine the parity and the quantity χ(J+12) for each N* resonance, where χ is the elasticity and J is the spin of the resonance.
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Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of negative pions from hydrogen have been measured over a limited range of squared four-momentum transfer (t) in the vicinity of t≃−3 (GeV/c)2 for incident pion momenta of 2.51, 2.76, and 3.01 GeV/c. These measurements confirm the existence of a minimum in the differential cross section in this region of incident momentum and scattering angle. The minimum occurs at a smaller value of t [t≃−2.6 (GeV/c)2] than has been observed at higher momenta.
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We have studied the ratio R=[dσ(γd→π−pp)dt][dσ(γd→π+nn)dt]−1 at 8 and 16 GeV for momentum transfers |t| from about 0.001 to 1.3 GeV2. R is close to unity for |t|<mπ2, but falls very rapidly with increasing |t|, passing through ½ near |t|=0.1 GeV2 and having a minium value of about 13 near |t|=0.4 GeV2; it slowly increases at larger momentum transfers. These results are similar to those obtained in other laboratories at 3.4 and 5 GeV. This implies considerable interference between the isoscalar and isovector photon amplitudes.
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The reaction γ+p→π++n has been investigated for photon energies between 1.2 and 3 GeV and pion c.m. angles from 2.5 to 15°. The cross section is strongly peaked in the forward direction and shows resonance structure in the region of the N32*(1920) and N12*(2190).
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We measured the π0 photoproduction differential cross section at 180° for a range of incident photon energies between 650 and 1750 MeV. The cross sections are dominated by the D13(1525), D15(1688), and F37(1920) resonances.
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The ratio of π− to π+ off deuterium was measured as a function of incident photon energy from 600 to 1700 MeV in the forward direction. The ratio shows a broad dip around a center-of-mass energy of 1700 MeV, resulting presumably from the collective effect of several isospin-½ resonances in this energy region. Such a change in the ratio is reflected in the rapid variation of the isoscalar photoproduction amplitude since we found the isovector photoproduction amplitude to be a relatively smooth function decreasing slowly with increasing incident photon energy.
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We have measured the antiproton-proton elastic differential cross section in the center-of-mass angular range cosθ=−0.985 to +0.40 at six momenta between 1.6 and 2.2 GeV/c in a bubble-chamber experiment. We use the data to look for evidence of direct-channel boson resonances.
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