A measurement of the total $pp$ cross section at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV is presented. In a special run with high-$\beta^{\star}$ beam optics, an integrated luminosity of 80 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ was accumulated in order to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable $t$. The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the $|t|$ range from 0.01 GeV$^2$ to 0.1 GeV$^2$ to extrapolate to $|t|\rightarrow 0$, the total cross section, $\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X)$, is measured via the optical theorem to be: $$\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X) = 95.35 \; \pm 0.38 \; ({\mbox{stat.}}) \pm 1.25 \; ({\mbox{exp.}}) \pm 0.37 \; (\mbox{extr.}) \; \mbox{mb},$$ where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation to $|t|\rightarrow 0$. In addition, the slope of the elastic cross section at small $|t|$ is determined to be $B = 19.73 \pm 0.14 \; ({\mbox{stat.}}) \pm 0.26 \; ({\mbox{syst.}}) \; \mbox{GeV}^{-2}$.
The measured total cross section, the first systematic error accounts for all experimental uncertainties and the second error for the extrapolation t-->0.
The nuclear slope of the differential eslastic cross section at small |t|, the first systematic error accounts for all experimental uncertainties and the second error for the extrapolation t-->0.
The Optical Point dsigma/(elastic)/dt(t-->0), the total elastic cross section and the observed elastic cross section within the fiducial volume. The first systematic error accounts for all experimental uncertainties and the second error for the extrapolation t-->0.
The reaction γ p→K + K − p has been investigated with photons in the energy range of 20< E γ <36 GeV and with K + K − pairs in the mass range of M K + K − <2.0 GeV. The production of the φ(1019) contributes with a cross section σ ( γ p → φ p) × BR( φ →K + K − ) = 240±6 nb with an additional systematic error of ±20 nb. In the higher mass range of 1.05< M K + K − <2.0 GeV the production of K + K − pairs yields a cross section σ ( γ p→K + K − p) = 160±8 nb with an additional systematic error of +40 −30 nb.
No description provided.
K+ K- PRODUCTION ABOVE PHI MASS.
No description provided.
A measurement of the total $pp$ cross section at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV is presented. An integrated luminosity of $500$ $\mu$b$^{-1}$ was accumulated in a special run with high-$\beta^{\star}$ beam optics to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable $t$. The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the $-t$ range from $0.014$ GeV$^2$ to $0.1$ GeV$^2$ to extrapolate $t\rightarrow 0$, the total cross section, $\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X)$, is measured via the optical theorem to be: $\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X) = {96.07} \; \pm 0.18 \; ({{stat.}}) \pm 0.85 \; ({{exp.}}) \pm 0.31 \; ({extr.}) \; {mb} \;,$ where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation $t\rightarrow 0$. In addition, the slope of the exponential function describing the elastic cross section at small $t$ is determined to be $B = 19.74 \pm 0.05 \; ({{stat.}}) \pm 0.23 \; ({{syst.}}) \; {GeV}^{-2}$.
The measured total cross section, the first systematic error accounts for all experimental uncertainties and the second error for the extrapolation t-->0.
The nuclear slope of the differential eslastic cross section at small |t|, the first systematic error accounts for all experimental uncertainties and the second error for the extrapolation t-->0.
The total elastic cross section and the observed elastic cross section within the fiducial volume.
Detailed measurements of $t$-channel single top-quark production are presented. They use 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the LHC. Total, fiducial and differential cross-sections are measured for both top-quark and top-antiquark production. The fiducial cross-section is measured with a precision of 5.8 % (top quark) and 7.8 % (top antiquark), respectively. The total cross-sections are measured to be $\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}(tq) = 56.7^{+4.3}_{-3.8}\;$pb for top-quark production and $\sigma_{\mathrm{tot}}(\bar{t}q) = 32.9^{+3.0}_{-2.7}\;$pb for top-antiquark production, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction. In addition, the ratio of top-quark to top-antiquark production cross-sections is determined to be $R_t=1.72 \pm 0.09$, with an improved relative precision of 4.9 % since several systematic uncertainties cancel in the ratio. The differential cross-sections as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity of both the top quark and the top antiquark are measured at both the parton and particle levels. The transverse momentum and rapidity differential cross-sections of the accompanying jet from the $t$-channel scattering are measured at particle level. All measurements are compared to various Monte Carlo predictions as well as to fixed-order QCD calculations where available.
Predicted and observed event yields for the signal region (SR). The multijet background prediction is obtained from a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the $E_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}$ distribution. All the other predictions are derived using theoretical cross-sections, given for the backgrounds in Sect. 6 and for the signal in Sect. 1. The quoted uncertainties are in the predicted cross-sections or in the number of multijet events, in case of the multijet process.
Predicted and observed event yields for the signal region (SR). The multijet background prediction is obtained from a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the $E_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}$ distribution. All the other predictions are derived using theoretical cross-sections, given for the backgrounds in Sect. 6 and for the signal in Sect. 1. The quoted uncertainties are in the predicted cross-sections or in the number of multijet events, in case of the multijet process.
Definition of the fiducial phase space.
The total cross sections for the elastic electroproduction of $\rh0$ and $J/\Psi$ mesons for $Q~2$ $>$ 8 GeV$~2$ and $\langle W \rangle \simeq 90$ GeV/c$~2$ are measured at HERA with the H1 detector. The measurements are for an integrated electron$-$proton luminosity of $\simeq$3pb$~{-1}$. The dependences of the total virtual photon$-$proton ($\gamma~* p$) cross sections on $Q~2$, $W$ and the momentum transfer squared to the proton ($t$), and, for the $\rho$, the dependence on the polar decay angle ($\cos \theta~*$), are presented. The $J/\Psi$ : $\rh0$ cross section ratio is determined. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical models and of the interplay of hard and soft physics processes.
Overall EP cross section for M(PI+PI-) < 1.5 GEV.
Overall EP cross section, taking into account the J/PSI --> LEPTON+ LEPTON - branching fraction 0.12.
Integrated EP cross section.
We have observed the π+π− decay of the ρ′(1600) in the production reaction γp→ρ′p at 20 GeV. Using a calculation which takes into account the interference of the ρ′ with the ρ(770) and a Drell background, we find good evidence that this resonance is a radial excitation of the ρ(770). The background interference strongly distorts the angular distributions predicted by a purely s-channel helicity-conserving production mechanism. We measure m0=(1.55±0.07) GeV/c2 and Γ0=(0.28−0.08+0.03) GeV/c2.
SLOPE VARIATION WITH M(PI+ PI-) IN THE RANGE 0.4 TO 2.5 GEV.
No description provided.
No description provided.
We present results of complete measurements of the two-prong events observed in a 50 000-picture exposure of the 30-in. hydrogen bubble chamber to a 205−GeVc proton beam at the National Accelerator Laboratory. Using kinematic fitting, elastic and inelastic events are separated and cross sections are obtained. The total two-prong cross section is measured to be 9.77 ± 0.40 mb, of which 2.85 ± 0.26 mb represents the inelastic contribution. The total elastic cross section is measured to be 6.92 ± 0.44 mb. Our data are consistent with the break in dσdt at |t|∼0.1−0.2 (GeVc)2 observed at the CERN ISR. A prominent low-mass enhancement is observed in the distribution of missing mass squared from the slow proton for the inelastic events. An analysis based on the missing-mass spectrum and the particle rapidities shows that this low-mass enhancement accounts for about 77% of the total inelastic two-prong cross section. The diffractive cross section in the two-prong events is 2.20 ± 0.25 mb, in agreement with certain two-component models.
USING A TOTAL CROSS SECTION OF 39.0 +- 1.0 MB.
No description provided.
The results presented in this paper are obtained from an analysis of bubble-chamber pictures of K−d interactions at an incident K− momentum of 5.5 GeV/c. Generally, the quasitwo-body final states are produced peripherally, with a small backward peak occurring in some of the final states. The final states Σ−ω, Σ−ρ0, and Σ−φ appear to be produced primarily by vector-meson exchange. In the final state Λ(1520)π− the decay distributions of the Λ(1520) hyperon are found to be consistent with a vector-exchagne production process with M2 coupling at the nucleon vertex. The predictions of the independent-quark model and of other symmetry schemes, namely that the forward cross sections for Σ−ρ0, Σ−ω, Σ−φ production be in the ratios 1: 1: 2, are not inconsistent with our experimental values.
No description provided.
FRACTIONAL FORWARD HYPERON CROSS SECTION AFTER BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION.
No description provided.
Neutron fluences were measured from 435 MeV/nucleon Nb ions stopping in a Nb target and 272 MeV/nucleon Nb ions stopping in targets of Nb and Al for neutrons above 20 MeV and at laboratory angles between 3° and 80°. The resultant spectra were integrated over angles to produce neutron energy distributions and over energy to produce neutron angular distributions. The total neutron yields for each system were obtained by integrating over the angular distributions. The angular distributions from all three systems are peaked forward, and the energy distributions from all three systems show an appreciable yield of neutrons with velocities greater than the beam velocity. Comparison of the total neutron yields from the two Nb+Nb systems suggests that the average neutron multiplicity decreases with decreasing projectile energy. Comparison of the total yields from the two 272 MeV/nucleon systems suggests that the total yields show the same dependence on projectile and target mass number as do total inclusive neutron cross sections. The data are compared with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model calculations.
No description provided.
No description provided.
Evidence for a new meson decaying into ηη′ has been found in 38 GeV π − p charge-exchange interactions. The mass and the width of this meson are (1917 ± 15) MeV and (90 −50 +35 ) MeV, respectively. Possible spin and parity assignments are J PC = 0 ++ , 1 −+ or 2 ++ , isospin and G -parity are I G = 0 + . The t -dependence of the differential cross section follows an exponential behaviour exp( bt with a small slope: b = (2±1) (GeV/ c ) −2 .Upper limits on its decay into ππ, ηη and K K exotic interpretation of this meson.
No description provided.
We report results from a measurement of antiproton-proton and proton-proton small-angle elastic scattering at √ s = 24.3 GeV in the range 0.001 ⩽ | t | ⩽ 0.06 (GeV/ c ) 2 . The measurement was performed at the CERN p p Collider by using silicon detectors to observe protons recoiling from a hydrogen cluster-jet target intercepting the stored p and p beams. Fits to the measured differential cross sections yield the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the forward nuclear scattering amplitude ρ and the nuclear slope parameter b for both p p and pp. We find that the difference Δρ = ρ ( p p ) − ρ( pp ) = 0.031 ± 0.010 agrees with conventional fits and disagrees with the “odderon” fit designed to accommodate the recent UA4 measurement of ρ( p p) at 546 GeV.
Data requested from authors.
No description provided.
Nuclear slopes fixed to world average.
The reaction γ d→d ππ , γ p→p ππ and γ n→n ππ were studied in the SLAC 82″ deuterium filled bubble chamber, exposed to a linearly polarized photon beam of 7.5 GeV. All three reactions are dominated by ϱ 0 production. The differential cross section has a slope of ∼6.5 GeV −2 for nucleon reactions and a slope of ∼27 GeV −2 for coherent deuteron reactions. The behaviour of the density matrix elements shows that ϱ production conserves s -channel c.m.s. helicity and is dominated by natural parity exchange.
No description provided.
Measurements of the total cross section have been performed at the ISR with c.m. energies between 23.5 GeV and 62.5 GeV. Two independent experimental methods have been applied, a measurement of total interaction rate and of small angle elastic scattering. Both experiments give consistent results showing that the total cross section increases by (11.8±1.5) % over the ISR energy range. This experiment has also measured the slope of the forward diffraction peak in elastic scattering at small momentum transfer. The elastic cross section shows the same relative rise as the total cross section, and the ratio λ of elastic to total cross section approaches a constant value of λ =0.178±0.003.
.
TOTAL CROSS SECTION FROM (INTERACTION RATE)/(LUMINOSITY). SYSTEMATIC ERROR <0.8 PCT.
TOTAL CROSS SECTION FROM APPLYING THE OPTICAL THEOREM TO SMALL ANGLE ELASTIC SCATTERING EXTRAPOLATED TO T=0.
On 8 K events of the reaction p p π + π − at 7.23 GeV/ c simple selection on angular parameters is performed yielding a sample of events with the typical features of diffraction dissociation. A cross section of 1.22 ± 0.08 mb (in two vertices) and a slope of the t distribution of 12.6 ± 1.0 GeV −2 for − t < 0.1 GeV 2 are obtained for the diffraction fraction dissociation p → p π + π − + c.c. Using an analogous selection procedure, another sample of events is isolated that is characterized by double resonance production. Cross sections for Δ Δ and Δ Δ ′ + c.c. production amount to 1.27 ± 0.09 mb and 0.23 ± 0.07 mb respectively. Diffraction dissociation and double resonance production together make up for 87% of the total cross section for the reaction p p → p p π + π − , which is 3.11 ± 0.13 mb.
No description provided.
EXPONENTIAL FIT TO D(SIG)/DT IN THREE REGIONS OF T. FOR EVENTS WITH M(P PI+) AND M(AP PI-) < 1.4 GEV.
No description provided.
We have analyzed backward meson production in the reaction π − p → p f π + π − π − at 9 GeV/ c and 12 GeV/ c incident π − momenta, from an experiment performed at the CERN Ω Spectrometer using a fast proton (p f ) trigger device. We find strong production of quasi-two-body processes N ∗ ϱ and N ∗ f with a production mechanism consistent with u -channel nucleon exchange. At a lower level, we observe N ∗ π processes with a 3-body baryon decay through Δ(1232)π. In the (3π) − system, we find evidence for A 1 − and clear A 2 − backward production with similar cross sections (≈0.5 μb).
No description provided.
U-HELICITY JACKSON FRAME.
U-HELICITY JACKSON FRAME.
Cross sections for various channels in 3 prong + V 0 final states of K − n interactions are obtained at 8.25 GeV/ c . An energy dependence study of the quasi two-body reactions Σ − (1385) + vector meson and ΛB − seem to imply the presence of cuts in the Regge exchange formalism, whereas the reaction Δ(1236) K ∗ (890) does not require such cuts. Upper limits of 1 and 2 μb are found for the reactions K − n → Λ A 1 and K − n → Λ A 2 .
CROSS SECTIONS ARE CORRECTED FOR ALL RESONANCE DECAY MODES EXCEPT FOR K*- DEL0 PRODUCTION WHICH IS ONLY CORRECTED FOR UNSEEN AK0 DECAYS. NO EVIDENCE FOR NON-DIFFRACTIVE A1 AND A2 PRODUCTION.
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD EXPONENTIAL FITS TO DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS.
We have studied the backward production of ω 0 mesons in the u -channel I u = 1 2 exchange reaction π − p → N 0 (1680) ω 0 at 9 GeV/ c and 12 GeV/ c incident momenta. The data come from an experiment performed at the CERN Omega Spectrometer using a fast proton trigger device. The backward production of the η 0 meson has also been observed and the coupling constant ratio g η NN / g π NN has been estimated.
No description provided.
No description provided.
JACKSON FRAME (U-CHANNEL HELICITY SYSTEM).
From an experiment done with the CERN Omega spectrometer, triggered by a fast forward proton device, we present results on the differential cross section d σ d u for π − p backward elastic scattering. The d σ d u distribution agrees with an A e Bu law. The compilation of existing results shows a discrepancy between results but the ( d σ d u ) u=0 data fit perfectly an s 2 α 0 −2 dependence, as predicted by a single Δδ Regge trajectory exchange. A search for the reaction π − p → d p , with a fast forward deuteron, which can be produced by a double-baryon exchange mechanism, gives cross-section upper limits of ∼1% of the backward elastic cross section.
UMIN IS 0.0446 GEV**2.
UMIN IS 0.0333 GEV**2.
D(SIG)/DU FITTED FOR 0 < -U < 0.75 GEV**2 TO GIVE SLOPE/INTERCEPT.
We have studied photoproduction using a 1 m streamer chamber at DESY and a tagged photon beam with an energy range of 1.6 GeV < E γ < 6.3 GeV. We analysed approximately 30 000 events and report topological, channel and resonance production cross sections for a large number of reactions with three and five outgoing charged particles.
CHANNEL CROSS SECTIONS FOR 3, 5 AND 7 PRONG REACTIONS.
'PARAMETRIZATION'.
'INTERFERENCE'.
Reactions K + n → (K π )N have been studied using data from the CERN 2 m deuterium bubble chamber obtained with incident K + of 8.25 GeV/ c . There is an abundant production of K ∗ (892) and K ∗ (1420). The reaction and K ∗ resonance production cross sections are presented. K ∗ production and decay angular distributions are analyzed. Charge-exchange reactions are dominated by unnatural parity exchange and the non-charge-exchange reaction by natural parity exchange. The K ∗ 0 (892) data are in good agreement with the predictions of an OPE absorption model. A broad enhancement around 1850 MeV could be interpreted as a signal for the K ∗ 0 (1780).
No description provided.
No description provided.
FIT TO D(SIG)/DT = A*EXP(SLOPE*TP) FOR K* EVENTS WITH -TP < 0.24 GEV**2.
Semi-inclusive triple differential multiplicity distributions of positively charged kaons have been measured over a wide range in rapidity and transverse mass for central collisions of $^{58}$Ni with $^{58}$Ni nuclei. The transverse mass ($m_t$) spectra have been studied as a function of rapidity at a beam energy 1.93 AGeV. The $m_t$ distributions of K^+ mesons are well described by a single Boltzmann-type function. The spectral slopes are similar to that of the protons indicating that rescattering plays a significant role in the propagation of the kaon. Multiplicity densities have been obtained as a function of rapidity by extrapolating the Boltzmann-type fits to the measured distributions over the remaining phase space. The total K^+ meson yield has been determined at beam energies of 1.06, 1.45, and 1.93 AGeV, and is presented in comparison to existing data. The low total yield indicates that the K^+ meson can not be explained within a hadro-chemical equilibrium scenario, therefore indicating that the yield does remain sensitive to effects related to its production processes such as the equation of state of nuclear matter and/or modifications to the K^+ dispersion relation.
No description provided.
In this paper a comparison of the general features of the reactions K ± p→Q ± p (1) at incident momentum 8.25 GeV/ c is presented. The relevant data derive from events yielding four-constraint fits to the reactions K ± p→K ± π + π − p in exposures of the CERN 2m HBC to RF-separated K + and K − beams. The (K ππ ) effective mass distributions, production angular distributions in the Q region (1.2⩽ M (K ππ )⩽1.5 GeV) and corresponding decay angular distributions are exhibited, and background effects due to N ∗ and Δ production are systematically studied. In particular, it is found that the distributions d σ /d t ′ and d σ /d t for reactions (1) are adequately described by exponential functions over the interval 0.05–0.35 GeV 2 , and exhibit a cross-over effect for momentum transfer squared −0.1 GeV 2 . For both reactions a flattening of d σ /d t ′ for t ′ < 0.05 GeV 2 is observed. By studying the Chew-Low plots and the effects of the different cuts it was found that this flattening cannot be attributed to amplitudes with net s -channel helicity flip different from zero, at least at these energies.
ABOUT 7 PCT RELATIVE NORMALIZATION UNCERTAINTY FOR K+ AND K- SAMPLES.
FITS TO D(SIG)/DT AND D(SIG)/DTP FOR Q+ AND Q- PRODUCTION TO DETERMINE CROSS-OVER POSITIONS. DATA HAVE MASS CUTS TO SELECT K*0 AND REMOVE DEL++ AND DEL0. MIN IS THE MINIMUM VALUE OF -T FOR THE RELEVANT (K PI PI) MASS.
The results presented in this paper were obtained from a 105 000 frame exposure of the FNAL Hybrid Proportional Wire Chamber-30 inch Bubble Chamber System, in a tagged beam of 147 GeV/ c negative particles. Elastic, total and topological cross sections were obtained for both π − p and K − p interactions. Comparisons with other data, taken with various beam particles over large momentum intervals, show good agreement with KNO scaling, and similarity in the scaling behavior of σ n for the different beam particles.
THESE CROSS SECTIONS ARE NOT NORMALIZED TO ANY OTHER ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT. THE ERRORS INCLUDE SOME SYSTEMATIC ERRORS.
THE FORWARD CROSS SECTION AGREES WELL WITH THE OPTICAL POINT FROM TOTAL CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTS.
THESE CROSS SECTIONS ARE NOT NORMALIZED TO ANY OTHER ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT.
The fragmentation of the neutron into p π − induced by incident K + of 8.25 GeV/ c is studied using data from the CERN 2 m deuterium bubble chamber and compared with data at 4.6 and 12 GeV/ c . The p π − low-mass enhancement below 1.85 GeV is analyzed and the major part exhibits the properties expected for diffraction dissociation. The presence of resonances is discussed. The data are fairly well represented by a double Regge exchange model involving pion and pomeron exchanges. The violation of the s -channel and t -channel helicity conservation is observed and compared to the s -channel description of Humble.
INTERCEPT AND SLOPE OF DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION FOR -TP < 0.24 (0.48 FOR N1700) GEV**2.
Data on φ -production obtained by the CERN NA49 experiment for central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/u are presented. Compared with pp interactions the φ -yield shows substantial strangeness enhancement: the φ /π ratio is found to increase by a factor of 2.6 ± 0.6, which is approximately the square of the K/π enhancement.
5% most central collosions, MT - M0 = 0 - 1.4 GeV, preliminary data.
5% most central events.
Forum