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The first collider search for dark matter arising from a strongly coupled hidden sector is presented and uses a data sample corresponding to 138 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The hidden sector is hypothesized to couple to the standard model (SM) via a heavy leptophobic Z' mediator produced as a resonance in proton-proton collisions. The mediator decay results in two "semivisible" jets, containing both visible matter and invisible dark matter. The final state therefore includes moderate missing energy aligned with one of the jets, a signature ignored by most dark matter searches. No structure in the dijet transverse mass spectra compatible with the signal is observed. Assuming the Z' has a universal coupling of 0.25 to the SM quarks, an inclusive search, relevant to any model that exhibits this kinematic behavior, excludes mediator masses of 1.5-4.0 TeV at 95% confidence level, depending on the other signal model parameters. To enhance the sensitivity of the search for this particular class of hidden sector models, a boosted decision tree (BDT) is trained using jet substructure variables to distinguish between semivisible jets and SM jets from background processes. When the BDT is employed to identify each jet in the dijet system as semivisible, the mediator mass exclusion increases to 5.1 TeV, for wider ranges of the other signal model parameters. These limits exclude a wide range of strongly coupled hidden sector models for the first time.
The normalized distribution of the characteristic variable $R_{\text{T}}$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The requirement on this variable is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distribution of the characteristic variable $\Delta\phi_{\text{min}}$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The requirement on this variable is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $m_{\text{SD}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $D_{p_{\text{T}}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized BDT discriminator distribution for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models.
The BDT ROC curves for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets, comparing the simulated SM backgrounds with one signal model with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$.
The BDT ROC curves for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets, comparing the simulated SM backgrounds with one signal model with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$.
The BDT ROC curves for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets, comparing the simulated SM backgrounds with one signal model with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$.
The BDT ROC curves for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ jets, comparing the simulated SM backgrounds with one signal model with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$.
The $m_{\text{T}}$ distribution for the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, comparing the observed data to the background prediction from the analytic fit ($g_{3}(x) = \exp(p_{1}x)x^{p_{2}(1+p_{3}\ln(x))}$, $x = m_{\text{T}}/\sqrt{s}$). The distributions from several example signal models, with cross sections corresponding to the observed limits, are superimposed.
The $m_{\text{T}}$ distribution for the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, comparing the observed data to the background prediction from the analytic fit ($g_{2}(x) = \exp(p_{1}x)x^{p_{2}}$, $x = m_{\text{T}}/\sqrt{s}$). The distributions from several example signal models, with cross sections corresponding to the observed limits, are superimposed.
The $m_{\text{T}}$ distribution for the high-SVJ2 signal region, comparing the observed data to the background prediction from the analytic fit ($g_{2}(x) = \exp(p_{1}x)x^{p_{2}}$, $x = m_{\text{T}}/\sqrt{s}$). The distributions from several example signal models, with cross sections corresponding to the observed limits, are superimposed.
The $m_{\text{T}}$ distribution for the low-SVJ2 signal region, comparing the observed data to the background prediction from the analytic fit ($g_{2}(x) = \exp(p_{1}x)x^{p_{2}}$, $x = m_{\text{T}}/\sqrt{s}$). The distributions from several example signal models, with cross sections corresponding to the observed limits, are superimposed.
The 95% CL observed upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the inclusive search for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The 95% CL observed upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the inclusive search for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The 95% CL observed upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the BDT-based search for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The 95% CL observed upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the BDT-based search for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The observed exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 68% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The lower 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The upper 95% expected exclusion for the nominal $\text{Z}^{\prime}$ cross section.
The 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the inclusive search for the $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ variations.
The 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the BDT-based search for the $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ variations.
The three two-dimensional signal model parameter scans.
Metrics representing the performance of the BDT for the benchmark signal model ($m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$), compared to each of the major SM background processes.
The range of effects on the signal yield for each systematic uncertainty and the total. Values less than 0.01% are rounded to 0.0%.
The normalized distribution of the variable $m_{\text{T}}$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The requirement on this variable is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distribution of the variable $\Delta\eta(\text{J}_{1},\text{J}_{2})$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The requirement on this variable is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distribution of the variable $p_{\text{T}}^{\text{miss}}$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The $R_{\text{T}}$ requirement is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distribution of the variable $N_{\text{e}}$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The requirement on this variable is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distribution of the variable $N_{\mu}$ for the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models. The requirement on this variable is omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distribution of $\Delta\eta(\text{J}_{1},\text{J}_{2})$ vs. $R_{\text{T}}$ for the simulated QCD background. The preselection requirements on both variables are omitted, but all other preselection requirements are applied.
The normalized distribution of $p_{\text{T}}^{\text{miss}}$ vs. $m_{\text{T}}$ for the simulated QCD background. All selection requirements are omitted, except for the requirement of two high-$p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets.
The normalized distribution of $R_{\text{T}}$ vs. $m_{\text{T}}$ for the simulated QCD background. All selection requirements are omitted, except for the requirement of two high-$p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $\tau_{21}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $\tau_{32}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $N_{2}^{(1)}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $N_{3}^{(1)}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $g_{\text{jet}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $\sigma_{\text{major}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $\sigma_{\text{minor}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $\Delta\phi(\vec{J},\vec{p}_{\text{T}}^{\text{miss}})$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $f_{\text{h}^{\pm}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $f_{\text{e}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $f_{\mu}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $f_{\text{h}^{0}}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The normalized distributions of the BDT input variable $f_{\gamma}$ for the two highest $p_{\text{T}}$ wide jets from the simulated SM backgrounds and several signal models with varying $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}}$ values. Each sample's jet $p_{\text{T}}$ distribution is weighted to match a reference distribution (see text). The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark coupling strength.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark coupling strength.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the high-SVJ2 signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the high-SVJ2 signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the high-SVJ2 signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark coupling strength.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the low-SVJ2 signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the low-SVJ2 signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The product of signal acceptance and efficiency in the low-SVJ2 signal region, for variations of the mediator mass and the dark coupling strength.
Comparison of different the dijet mass $m_{\text{J}\text{J}}$, the transverse mass $m_{\text{T}}$, and the Monte Carlo (MC) mass $m_{\text{MC}}$ for a signal model with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 2.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. No selection is applied, except that there must be at least two jets. $m_{\text{MC}}$ is computed by adding the generator-level four-vectors for invisible particles to the dijet system, to represent the achievable resolution if the invisible component were fully measured. The last bin of each histogram includes the overflow events.
$m_{\text{T}}$ distributions for signal models with different $m_{\text{dark}}$ values for the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ inclusive signal region.
$m_{\text{T}}$ distributions for signal models with different $m_{\text{dark}}$ values for the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ inclusive signal region.
$m_{\text{T}}$ distributions for signal models with different $r_{\text{inv}}$ values for the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ inclusive signal region.
$m_{\text{T}}$ distributions for signal models with different $r_{\text{inv}}$ values for the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ inclusive signal region.
$m_{\text{T}}$ distributions for signal models with different $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ values for the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ inclusive signal region.
$m_{\text{T}}$ distributions for signal models with different $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ values for the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ inclusive signal region.
The proportions of each SM background process in the high-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region.
The proportions of each SM background process in the low-$R_{\text{T}}$ signal region.
The proportions of each SM background process in the high-SVJ2 signal region.
The proportions of each SM background process in the low-SVJ2 signal region.
The 95% CL expected upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the inclusive search for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The 95% CL expected upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the inclusive search for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
The 95% CL expected upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the BDT-based search for variations of the mediator mass and the dark hadron mass.
The 95% CL expected upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction from the BDT-based search for variations of the mediator mass and the invisible fraction.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for the major background processes. Statistical uncertainties, at most 1.8%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 2.1\,\text{TeV}$, varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, and $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.5%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, and $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.4%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 4.1\,\text{TeV}$, varying $m_{\text{dark}}$ values, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, and $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.4%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 2.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values, and $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. Statistical uncertainties, at most 2.6%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values, and $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. Statistical uncertainties, at most 1.2%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 4.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, varying $r_{\text{inv}}$ values, and $\alpha_{\text{dark}} = \alpha_{\text{dark}}^{\text{peak}}$. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.9%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 2.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, and varying $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ values. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.4%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 3.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, and varying $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ values. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.4%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
Relative efficiencies in % for each step of the event selection process for signals with $m_{\text{Z}^{\prime}} = 4.1\,\text{TeV}$, $m_{\text{dark}} = 20\,\text{GeV}$, $r_{\text{inv}} = 0.3$, and varying $\alpha_{\text{dark}}$ values. Statistical uncertainties, at most 0.4%, are omitted. The line "Efficiency [%]" is the absolute efficiency after the final selection. The subsequent lines show the efficiency for each signal region, relative to the final selection.
A search for emerging jets produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $13~\mathrm{TeV}$ is performed using data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $138~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. This search examines a hypothetical dark quantum chromodynamics (QCD) sector that couples to the standard model (SM) through a scalar mediator. The scalar mediator decays into an SM quark and a dark sector quark. As the dark sector quark showers and hadronizes, it produces long-lived dark mesons that subsequently decay into SM particles, resulting in a jet, known as an emerging jet, with multiple displaced vertices. This search looks for pair production of the scalar mediator at the LHC, which yields events with two SM jets and two emerging jets at leading order. The results are interpreted using two dark sector models with different flavor structures, and exclude mediator masses up to 1950 (1800) GeV for an unflavored (flavor-aligned) dark QCD model.
Distribution of median of track $d_{xy}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of $\alpha_{3D}$ with $D_{N}$ cutoff at 4 of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of Number of associated tracks with $d_{xy}>10^{-2.2}$ cm of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of jet girth of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of uGNN output score of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of aGNN output score of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Template fit of the DeepJet discriminator used to determine the b jet fraction of the non-EMJ tagged jets in data events that pass the 1-EMJ selection of the event selection criteria defined in the paper.
The EJ tagger misidentification probability for b quark jets and light jets as a function of jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ for the taggers u-tag 1, u-tag 2, and u-tag 3, as defined in the paper, evaluated using data and generator-level flavor information from simulated samples in events containing a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ photon.
The EJ tagger misidentification probability for b quark jets and light jets as a function of jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ for the taggers uGNN tag 1, uGNN tag 2, and uGNN tag 3, as defined in the paper, evaluated using data and generator-level flavor information from simulated samples in events containing a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ photon.
The EJ tagger misidentification probability for b quark jets and light jets as a function of jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ for the taggers u-tag 4 and u-tag 5, as defined in the paper, evaluated using data and generator-level flavor information from simulated samples in events containing a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ photon.
The expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for various signal models in the unflavored scenario model-generic and GNN EMJ tagging methods.
The expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for various signal models in the flavor-aligned scenario model-generic and GNN EMJ tagging methods.
The observed yield of events in data satisfying the validation selection criteria with at least two jets passing the corresponding validation tag, and the estimation based on the misidentification rate calculated using validation events with exactly one jet passing the validation tagger scaled by the factor given in Equation (4) of the paper.
The estimated number of events from the background prediction based on control samples in data and the observed event yields.
Distribution of event $H_\mathrm{T}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of leading jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of second leading jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of third leading jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of forth leading jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of Track $d_{xy}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of track $D_{N}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of track $d_{xy}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of jet $\overline{\tau}_{2/1}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of $|\Delta\eta|$ between jet and tracks of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of $|\Delta\phi|$ between jet and tracks of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of track $d_{xy}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of track $p_\mathrm{T}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of track $d_{z}$ of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
Distribution of track $p_\mathrm{T}$ fraction of CMS data, SM multijet MC events, and various signal samples. Events are required to pass the trigger requirements and also have 4 jets with $p_\mathrm{T}>100\mathrm{GeV}$. The distribution from various processes have their total count normalized to 1.
The EJ tagger misidentification probability for b quark jets and light jets as a function of jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ for the taggers a-tag 1, a-tag 2, a-tag 3, and a-tag 4, as defined in the paper, evaluated using data and generator-level flavor information from simulated samples in events containing a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ photon.
The EJ tagger misidentification probability for b quark jets and light jets as a function of jet $p_\mathrm{T}$ for the taggers aGNN tag 1, aGNN tag 2, and aGNN tag 3, as defined in the paper, evaluated using data and generator-level flavor information from simulated samples in events containing a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ photon.
Signal acceptance of signal models in the unflavored scenario with using the designated cut sets with the model agnostic and GNN EJ tagging methods.
Signal acceptance of signal models in the flavor-aligned scenario with using the designated cut sets with the model agnostic and GNN EJ tagging methods.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the unflavored scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Tagging efficiency and its uncertainty of the taggers used to select signal jets in the flavor-aligned scenario, as a function of the $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $|\eta|$ of the signal jet.
Distribution of jet-associated tracks of jets in SM multijet processes that pass the basic kinematic selection, the uGNN tag 1 tagging criteria, and aGNN tag 1 EMJ tagging criteria as a function of $\Delta R$ between the jet and track of interest and $\mathrm{sign}(d_{xy})\cdot\ln\left( 1+\left\lvert\frac{d_{xy}}{1\mathrm{cm}}\right\rvert\right)$, with $d_{xy}$ being the transverse impact parameter of the track of interest.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the u-set 4 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the u-set 1 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the u-set 2 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the u-set 3 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the u-set 5 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the uGNN set 3 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the uGNN set 1 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the uGNN set 2 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the a-set 3 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the a-set 1 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the a-set 2 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the a-set 4 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the a-set 5 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the aGNN set 3 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the aGNN set 1 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
Example cut flow used for selecting signals events using the aGNN set 2 selection criteria. Both background and MC events has been normalized to unity.
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