Spectra of identified charged hadrons are measured in pp collisions at the LHC for sqrt(s) = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV. Charged pions, kaons, and protons in the transverse-momentum range pt approximately 0.1-1.7 GeV and for rapidities abs(y) < 1 are identified via their energy loss in the CMS silicon tracker. The average pt increases rapidly with the mass of the hadron and the event charged-particle multiplicity, independently of the center-of-mass energy. The fully corrected pt spectra and integrated yields are compared to various tunes of the PYTHIA6 and PYTHIA8 event generators.

We study the processes $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 \gamma$, $K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-\gamma$, where the photon is radiated from the initial state, providing cross section measurements for the hadronic states over a continuum of center-of-mass energies. The results are based on 469 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the BaBar detector at SLAC. We observe the $\phi(1020)$ resonance in the $K_S^0 K_L^0$ final state and measure the product of its electronic width and branching fraction with about 3% uncertainty. We present a measurement of the $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 $ cross section in the energy range from 1.06 to 2.2 GeV and observe the production of a resonance at 1.67 GeV. We present the first measurements of the $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-$ cross sections, and study the intermediate resonance structures. We obtain the first observations of \jpsi decay to the $K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-$ final states.

The yields of the K*(892)$^{0}$ and $\Phi$(1020) resonances are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV through their hadronic decays using the ALICE detector. The measurements are performed in multiple centrality intervals at mid-rapidity (|$y$|<0.5) in the transverse-momentum ranges 0.3 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 5 GeV/$c$ for the K*(892)$^{0}$ and 0.5 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 5 GeV/$c$ for the $\Phi$(1020). The yields of K*(892)$^{0}$ are suppressed in central Pb-Pb collisions with respect to pp and peripheral Pb-Pb collisions (perhaps due to rescattering of its decay products in the hadronic medium), while the longer lived $\Phi$(1020) meson is not suppressed. These particles are also used as probes to study the mechanisms of particle production. The shape of the $p_{\rm T}$ distribution of the $\Phi$(1020) meson, but not its yield, is reproduced fairly well by hydrodynamic models for central Pb-Pb collisions. In central Pb-Pb collisions at low and intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, the p/$\Phi$(1020) ratio is flat in $p_{\rm T}$, while the p/$\pi$ and $\Phi$(1020)/$\pi$ ratios show a pronounced increase and have similar shapes to each other. These results indicate that the shapes of the $p_{\rm T}$ distributions of these particles in central Pb-Pb collisions are determined predominantly by the particle masses and radial flow. Finally, $\Phi$(1020) production in Pb-Pb collisions is enhanced, with respect to the yield in pp collisions and the yield of charged pions, by an amount similar to the $\Lambda$ and $\Xi$.

The production of $J/\psi$ mesons accompanied by open charm, and of pairs of open charm hadrons are observed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of $355pb^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. Model independent measurements of absolute cross-sections are given together with ratios to the measured $J/\psi$ and open charm cross-sections. The properties of these events are studied and compared to theoretical predictions.

We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons, deuterons, and charged pions and kaons, in the interactions with a 5% nuclear interaction length thick stationary beryllium target, of a +8.9 GeV/c proton and pion beam, and a -8.0 GeV/c pion beam. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles between 20 and 125 degrees.

The reactions gamma p --> K+ Lambda and gamma p --> K+ Sigma0 were measured in the energy range from threshold up to a photon energy of 2.6 GeV. The data were taken with the SAPHIR detector at the electron stretcher facility, ELSA. Results on cross sections and hyperon polarizations are presented as a function of kaon production angle and photon energy. The total cross section for Lambda production rises steeply with energy close to threshold, whereas the Sigma0 cross section rises slowly to a maximum at about E_gamma = 1.45 GeV. Cross sections together with their angular decompositions into Legendre polynomials suggest contributions from resonance production for both reactions. In general, the induced polarization of Lambda has negative values in the kaon forward direction and positive values in the backward direction. The magnitude varies with energy. The polarization of Sigma0 follows a similar angular and energy dependence as that of Lambda, but with opposite sign.

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We report measurements of the ratios K+π+, pπ+, K−π−, p¯π−, π−π+, K−K+, and p¯p for hadrons with 0.19<xt<0.62 produced in p−Be and p−W collisions at s=38.8 GeV. The K+π+ ratio at high xt gives the fragmentation-function ratio DuK+Duπ+ at high z. The high-xt K−π− ratio gives an upper limit for DdK−Ddπ− at high z. The pt dependence of pπ+ suggests that scattered constituent diquarks are the primary source of protons with pt<6 GeV/c. We also present species correlations in high-mass h+h− pairs. Strong K+K− and pp¯ correlations were observed.

The differential cross sections for KL0p→KS0p scattering are presented in several momentum intervals between 1 and 10 GeVc. The data are strongly peaked in the forward direction, characteristic of a large s-channel helicity-nonflip scattering amplitude in this reaction, and a distinct break in the differential cross section occurs at |t|=0.3 GeV2. The phase of the forward scattering amplitude, φ, is consistent with being independent of momentum. The average value of the phase, φ=−133.9±4.0∘, corresponds to a Regge trajectory α(0)=0.49±0.05 in agreement with the canonical ρ, ω0 Regge intercept, α(0)∼0.5. However, this result disagrees with the Regge trajectory determined from the energy dependence of the forward cross section, α(0)=0.30±0.03, indicating a breaking of the Regge phase-energy relation. Comparisons of KL0p→KS0p and π−p→π0n scattering data reveal substantial differences in the energy dependence of the differential cross sections. Comparisons to KN charge-exchange data then suggest that direct-channel (absorption) effects may explain the differences in πN and KN channels.

The inclusive production of Ks0, Λ, Λ¯, and Ks0Λ in the p¯Ta reaction at 4 GeV/c was measured and compared with that in the p¯p reaction. The total inelastic and topological cross sections were also measured. The number of Λ’s produced in the p¯Ta reaction was 11.3 times larger than that expected from the geometrical cross section, which is defined as A2/3 times the cross section for the p¯p reaction. The yield ratio Λ¯/Λ was found to be 2×10−2. These values cannot be accounted for by a straightforward extension of the p¯N reaction. Besides, a correlation of 2 vees like Ks0-Λ could not prove their simultaneous production. Nuclear temperatures of 135 and 97 MeV were obtained from the kinetic energy spectra of Ks0 and Λ, respectively. The kinematical characteristics of the Ks0 and Λ produced were analyzed in terms of the fireball model.

Results on the channels K − p → Λ 0 η 0 , Λ 0 π 0 , Σ 0 π 0 , Λ 0 π 0 π 0 and Σ 0 π 0 π 0 are obtained in a K − p formation experiment using 1 million photographs taken in a heavy liquid bubble chamber filled with a CF 3 BrC 3 H 8 mixture. The results are compared with hydrogen bubble chamber (HBC) experiments and with experiments having full or partial gamma-ray detection. Our Λ 0 π 0 and Λ 0 + neutral cross section agree with HBC results. Our Σ 0 π 0 cross section does not exhibit a bump at 1670 MeV as previously seen in HBC experiments. Our Λ 0 π 0 π 0 data are dominated by a Σ (1385) π 0 production. Our Σ 0 π 0 π 0 data is consistent with the presence of some Σ (1405) π 0 production.

The differential and channel cross sections have been measured for the reactions K L 0 p → K S 0 p and K L 0 p → Λ 0 π + in nine energy intervals in the c.m. range 1605 to 1910 MeV. The regeneration reaction is a combination of the KN amplitudes (with I = 0 and 1) and the K N amplitude ( I = 1) and is very sensitive to the various KN phase-shift solutions, some of which show an exotic I = 0, P 1 resonance. Our results have been expressed in terms of frequency distributions and cross sections, normalised by the Λ 0 π + reaction. These results have been compared with the predictions of various partial-wave analyses. Qualitatively we can eliminate the P 1 non-resonant solution, though no solution correctly predicts our results.

Inclusive production of ifπ ± , K ± and p has been studied near charm threshold for c.m. energies between 3.6 and 5.2 GeV. Differential and scaling cross sections together with particle multiplicities have been determinated. By comparing data below and above charm threshold the charm contribution to if π ± and K ± production has been extracted. A comparison has been made between inclusice p production and inelastic electron-proton scattering. To study differences between three-gluon annihilation and two-quark production of the spectra from J/ decay and from non-resonant production at 3.6 GeV has been compared.

K L 0 p interactions were studied in the CERN 2m H 2 bubble chamber in the c.m. energy range 1490–1700 MeV. The experimental details are described. Results are presented on the final states Λπ + , Σ 0 π + and Λπ + π 0 . The effect of these data on a recent partial-wave analysis of the two-body states is examined.

The reactions K + p → K ∗+ (890) p , K + p → K ∗+ (1420) p and K + p → K 0 Δ ++ have been systematically studied for eleven incident momenta between 3.0 and 16.0 GeV/ c . Cross sections, differential cross sections and density matrix elements are presented. For K ∗ (890) production the contributions from natural and unnatural parity exchanges have also been separated into I = 0 and I = 1 components. Effective trajectories have been extracted in the case of natural parity exchange, and also for Δ ++ production.

The differential cross sections and density matrix elements for the φ and ϱ 0 mesons have been measured in the reactions K − p → K − K + ( Λ , Σ 0 ) and K − p → π − π + ( Λ , Σ 0 ) at 13 GeV using a wire chamber spectrometer. The analysis shows that while the vector meson production is dominated by the natural parity exchange amplitude, some unnatural parity exchange is also required. Furthermore the φ and ϱ natural exchange cross sections are identical in shape and have the 2:1 relative strength expected in the quark model with K ∗ and K ∗∗ exchange degeneracy. The analysis of the clear peak-dip ϱ 0 − ω interference pattern observed in the π − π + data indicates that the ω production is in phase with the ϱ and of similar magnitude. Both the S ∗ and f′ meson are clearly observed in this experiment. The S ∗ data are found to be consistent with S ∗ parameters deduced from ππ scattering analyses. The f′ density matrix elements and a new limit of the f′ → π − π + branching ratio are presented.

Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of negative kaons on protons are presented for 19 momenta between 1.732 GeV/ c and 2.466 GeV/ c . The general features of the cross sections are discussed.

An enormous enhancement of antiproton production in deuteron- and α-induced reactions has been observed in the subthreshold energy region between 2 and 5 GeV/nucleon. Antiprotons produced at 5.1° with a momentum range of between 1.0 and 2.5 GeV/ c were measured by a beam-line spectrometer and identified by the time-of-flight method. The production cross sections in the deuteron- and α-induced reactions at an incident energy of 3.5 GeV/nucleon were 2 and 3 orders of magnitude larger than those in proton-induced reaction at the same energy. The enhancement in light-ion reactions could not be explained by the internal motion in the projectile and target nuclei. The target-mass dependence (C, Al, Cu and Pb) of the cross sections has also been studied. Further, the cross sections of π and K productions were measured.

Multiplicities in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering are presented for each charge state of \pi^\pm and K^\pm mesons. The data were collected by the HERMES experiment at the HERA storage ring using 27.6 GeV electron and positron beams incident on a hydrogen or deuterium gas target. The results are presented as a function of the kinematic quantities x_B, Q^2, z, and P_h\perp. They represent a unique data set for identified hadrons that will significantly enhance our understanding of the fragmentation of quarks into final-state hadrons in deep-inelastic scattering.

We report a high-statistics measurement of the differential cross section of the process gamma gamma --> K^0_S K^0_S in the range 1.05 GeV <= W <= 4.00 GeV, where W is the center-of-mass energy of the colliding photons, using 972 fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+ e^- collider operated at and near the Upsilon-resonance region. The differential cross section is fitted by parameterized S-, D_0-, D_2-, G_0- and G_2-wave amplitudes. In the D_2 wave, the f_2(1270), a_2(1320) and f_2'(1525) are dominant and a resonance, the f_2(2200), is also present. The f_0(1710) and possibly the f_0(2500) are seen in the S wave. The mass, total width and product of the two-photon partial decay width and decay branching fraction to the K bar{K} state Gamma_{gamma gamma}B(K bar{K}) are extracted for the f_2'(1525), f_0(1710), f_2(2200) and f_0(2500). The destructive interference between the f_2(1270) and a_2(1320) is confirmed by measuring their relative phase. The parameters of the charmonium states chi_{c0} and chi_{c2} are updated. Possible contributions from the chi_{c0}(2P) and chi_{c2}(2P) states are discussed. A new upper limit for the branching fraction of the P- and CP-violating decay channel eta_c --> K^0_S K^0_S is reported. The detailed behavior of the cross section is updated and compared with QCD-based calculations.

The ALICE measurement of K$^0_{\rm S}$ and $\rm\Lambda$ production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV is presented. The transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) spectra are shown for several collision centrality intervals and in the $p_{\rm T}$ range from 0.4 GeV/$c$ (0.6 GeV/$c$ for $\rm\Lambda$) to 12 GeV/$c$. The $p_{\rm T}$ dependence of the $\rm \Lambda$/K$^0_{\rm S}$ ratios exhibits maxima in the vicinity of 3 GeV/$c$, and the positions of the maxima shift towards higher $p_{\rm T}$ with increasing collision centrality. The magnitude of these maxima increases by almost a factor of three between most peripheral and most central Pb-Pb collisions. This baryon excess at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ is not observed in pp interactions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV and at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Qualitatively, the baryon enhancement in heavy-ion collisions is expected from radial flow. However, the measured $p_{\rm T}$ spectra above 2 GeV/$c$ progressively decouple from hydrodynamical-model calculations. For higher values of $p_{\rm T}$, models that incorporate the influence of the medium on the fragmentation and hadronization processes describe qualitatively the $p_{\rm T}$ dependence of the $\rm\Lambda$/K$^0_{\rm S}$ ratio.

The production of K$^{*}$(892)$^{0}$ and $\phi$(1020) mesons has been measured in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV. K$^{*0}$ and $\phi$ are reconstructed via their decay into charged hadrons with the ALICE detector in the rapidity range $-0.5 < y <0$. The transverse momentum spectra, measured as a function of the multiplicity, have p$_{\mathrm{T}}$ range from 0 to 15 GeV/$c$ for K$^{*0}$ and from 0.3 to 21 GeV/$c$ for $\phi$. Integrated yields, mean transverse momenta and particle ratios are reported and compared with results in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. In Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions, K$^{*0}$ and $\phi$ probe the hadronic phase of the system and contribute to the study of particle formation mechanisms by comparison with other identified hadrons. For this purpose, the mean transverse momenta and the differential proton-to-$\phi$ ratio are discussed as a function of the multiplicity of the event. The short-lived K$^{*0}$ is measured to investigate re-scattering effects, believed to be related to the size of the system and to the lifetime of the hadronic phase.

The size of the particle emission region in high-energy collisions can be deduced using the femtoscopic correlations of particle pairs at low relative momentum. Such correlations arise due to quantum statistics and Coulomb and strong final state interactions. In this paper, results are presented from femtoscopic analyses of $\pi^{\pm}\pi^{\pm}$, ${\rm K}^{\pm}{\rm K}^{\pm}$, ${\rm K}^{0}_S{\rm K}^{0}_S$, ${\rm pp}$, and ${\rm \overline{p}}{\rm \overline{p}}$ correlations from Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}=2.76$ TeV by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. One-dimensional radii of the system are extracted from correlation functions in terms of the invariant momentum difference of the pair. The comparison of the measured radii with the predictions from a hydrokinetic model is discussed. The pion and kaon source radii display a monotonic decrease with increasing average pair transverse mass $m_{\rm T}$ which is consistent with hydrodynamic model predictions for central collisions. The kaon and proton source sizes can be reasonably described by approximate $m_{\rm T}$-scaling.

Total and semi-inclusive cross sections, longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions and spin density matrix elements of theK*+(892) andK*0(892) produced in the inclusive reactionsK+p→K*+(892)+X andK+p→K*0(892)+X at 32 GeV/c are studied in detail. The inclusive spectra of theK*(892) and their decay products are compared with pion and neutral kaon production. TheK*+(892) andK*+(892) are dominantly produced by kaon fragmentation processes. The dependence of average transverse momentum <pT> vs.x for resonances has been investigated for the first time.

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We report on a study of inclusive particle production in pp-interactions at 400 GeV/c. The data are based on 472 K reconstructed events recorded in the NA 27 experiment using the LEBC-EHS facility at CERN. The production cross sections are determined of pseudo scalar (π±,0, η andK±), scalar (f0(975)), vector (ρ±,0(770), ω(783), ϕ(1020),K*0(892), and\(\bar K^{ * 0} \)(892)), and tensorf0 mesons, of protons and antiprotons, and theΔ++,+,0(1232), and Λ(1520) baryon resonances in the forward hemisphere of the center of mass system, as well as longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions. The results are compared with predictions of the FRITIOF model and with other experimental data.

Results are given on the inclusive production of charged pions, kaons, and nucleons, in proton-proton collisions at c.m. energies from √ s = 23 to 63 GeV at large angles and for the transverse momentum range 0.1 < p T < 4.8 GeV/ c . The dependence of the production spectra on the collision energy √ s , the transverse momentum p T , and the longitudinal rapidity is discussed.

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We report measurements of the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+\Lambda$ and $K^+\Sigma^0$ final states from a proton target using the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The separated structure functions $\sigma_T$, $\sigma_L$, $\sigma_{TT}$, and $\sigma_{LT}$ were extracted from the $\Phi$- and $\epsilon$-dependent differential cross sections taken with electron beam energies of 2.567, 4.056, and 4.247 GeV. This analysis represents the first $\sigma_L/\sigma_T$ separation with the CLAS detector, and the first measurement of the kaon electroproduction structure functions away from parallel kinematics. The data span a broad range of momentum transfers from $0.5\leq Q^2\leq 2.8$ GeV$^2$ and invariant energy from $1.6\leq W\leq 2.4$ GeV, while spanning nearly the full center-of-mass angular range of the kaon. The separated structure functions reveal clear differences between the production dynamics for the $\Lambda$ and $\Sigma^0$ hyperons. These results provide an unprecedented data sample with which to constrain current and future models for the associated production of strangeness, which will allow for a better understanding of the underlying resonant and non-resonant contributions to hyperon production.

Analysing powers and differential cross sections for p p → π − π + and p p → K − K + have been measured over the full angular range using a polarised target at LEAR at 20 beam momenta from 360 to 1550 MeV/ c . Discrepancies in the normalisation of earlier d σ/ d Ω data at low momenta are clarified. Above 1000 MeV/ c , A 0N results confirm values close to +1 over most of the angular range for both reactions, in excellent agreement with earlier data of lower statistics. Below 1000 MeV/ c , where the analysing power is measured for the first time, large variations of A 0N with energy and angle are present.

We have measured the single-particle inclusive cross sections for p+p→π±+X, K±+X, p+X, p¯+X in the low-p⊥ region (≲ 1.5 GeV/c) as a function of the radial scaling variable XR in p−p collisions at 100, 200, and 400 GeV at Fermilab. The measured π+π− and K+K− ratios are shown to be remarkably similar to the same ratios which have recently been measured at large p⊥ at 90° in the center-of-mass system.

Results on the following π−p reactions involving a hyperon are studied at 4.5 and 6.0 GeV/c from a high-statistics bubble-chamber experiment. (1) π−p→(Λ, Σ0)K0: Differential cross sections and hyperon polarizations are presented. Comparison with the line-reversed reactions K¯N→(Λ, Σ0)π indicates the failure of the predictions of K*(890) and K*(1420) exchange degeneracy. Effective trajectories for these two reactions are compared. Shrinkage is observed in K¯N→Λπ and not in π−p→ΛK0. (2) π−p→(Λ, Σ0)K*(890)0: Differential cross sections, hyperon polarizations, and K*(890)0 density-matrix elements are determined. ΛK*(890)0 decay correlations are found to impose strong constraints on the scattering amplitudes. The data indicate that both natural- and unnatural-parity exchanges contribute large, but opposite, Λ polarizations. This behavior cannot be explained by a simple exchange model utilizing K and the exchange-degenerate K*(890) and K*(1420) only. Additional trajectories or absorption effects are required to obtain the observed Λ-polarization effects. Comparison of ΛK*(890)0 and Σ0K*(890)0 indicates the greater importance of unnatural-parity exchange in the former reaction. We observe no evidence for deviations from isospin predictions in ΛK*(890)0 production where K*(890)0→K+π− and KS0π0. (3) π−p→ΛK*(1420)0 and ΛK*(1300)0: K*(1420)0 density-matrix elements satisfying positivity constraints are determined allowing for s-wave interference effects. Evidence of the existence of a narrow K*(1300)0→Kππ with a dominant K+ρ− decay mode is observed in the 4.5- and 6-GeV/c data. (4) Σ(1385), Λ(1405), Λ(1520) production: Differential cross sections for the quasi-two-body reactions π−p→Y0K0, where Y0 is Λ(1405), Λ(1520), or Σ(1385)0, are presented and found to have a very similar flat slope in the forward direction. Data for forward K+ scattering in the reaction π−p→Σ(1385)−K+ are presented and discussed. It is argued that this forward peak cannot be explained by kinematic reflection or an s-channel effect and therefore must be due to either two-particle exchange or a single exotic exchange in the t channel.

An experiment using the Fermilab Single Arm Spectrometer (SAS) facility and an associated nonmagnetic vertex detector studied the reactions a+p→c+X, where a and c were π±, K±, p, or p¯. Extensive measurements were made at 100 and 175 GeV/c beam momenta with the outgoing hadrons detected in the SAS covering a kinematic range 0.12<x<1.0 and pT<1.25 GeV/c. Additional data covering a more restricted range in x were also gathered at 70 GeV/c incident momentum. In this high-statistics experiment, the identification of both the incoming and outgoing charged hadrons were made with a total of eight Čerenkov counters. New and extensive single-particle inclusive data for charged-particle production in low-pT hadronic fragmentation are presented. The average associated charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions are also given.

Particle production in proton-induced reactions at 14.6 GeV/c on Be, Al, Cu, and Au targets has been systematically studied using the E-802 spectrometer at the BNL-Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. Particles are measured in the angular range from 5° to 58° and identified up to momenta of 5, 3.5, and 8 GeV/c for pions, kaons, and protons, respectively. Mechanisms for particle production are discussed in comparison with heavy-ion-induced reactions at the same incident energy per nucleon.

The reactionsΣvp→π+n,K+Λ,K+∑0 andΣvn→π+n were studied at invariant hadronic masses around 2.2. GeV forQ2=0.06, 0.28, 0.70, and 1.35 GeV2. The main results are: At small |t| the π+ production is dominated by longitudinally polarized photons and can be described by one pion exchange. At low |t| the transverse (π+n) cross section drops steeply withQ2, but remains roughly constant forQ2≧0.5 GeV2. For |t⊢≧0.8 GeV2, (π+n/dt) is almost independent ofQ2. The integrated cross section (π+n) shows a similarQ2-dependence asσtot (γvp) forQ2≧0.28 GeV2. The ratioσ(π-p)/σ(π+n) atQ2=0.70 and 1.35 GeV2 for |t|≧0.6 GeV2 is smaller than in photoproduction and close to 1/4. The ratioσ(K+∑0 decreases steeply withQ2 following roughly the predictions of the quark-parton model.

The folded differential cross sections dσdΩ(θ*)+dσdΩ(π−θ*), where θ* is the center-of-mass angle of the negatively charged outgoing particle, have been measured for the reactions p¯p→π−π+ and K−K+ at 15 incident beam momenta between 360 and 760 MeV/c with much better statistics than previous experiments. The total cross sections for these reactions, σπ−π+ and σκ−κ+, have also been obtained by integrating the folded differential cross sections. The folded differential cross sections of both reactions show a similar behavior at all measured beam momenta, characterized by a prominent peak at |cosθ*|=1. The cross section σπ−π+ shows a smooth but rapidly decreasing behavior as the beam momentum increases up to 550 MeV/c, whereas σκ−κ+ shows a smooth and flat momentum dependence. These results are compared with some theoretical calculations based on nonrelativistic quark models. Although the shape of the folded differential cross section of the p¯p→π−π+ reaction is rather well reproduced by these models, that of the p¯p→K−K+ reaction, and, in particular, the prominent peak at |cosθ*|=1 cannot be explained at all. The information from other experiments indicates that this discrepancy is most pronounced at the backward angles. Moreover, the momentum dependence of both σπ−π+ and σκ−κ+ is not satisfactorily reproduced by these models.

Measurements of the differential cross section for the reactions π+p→K+Σ+ and π+p→K+Y*+(1385) are reported at 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5.0, 6.0, 10.0, and 14.0 GeV/c. Polarization in π+p→K+Σ+ is also reported at 6.0, 10.0, and 14.0 GeV/c. At small |t|, the cross section for π+p→K+Σ+ is well described by an exponential Aebt with slopes in the range b≈8−10 (GeV/c)−2; for |t|>0.5 (GeV/c)2 this slope decreases considerably. The cross section for π+p→K+Y*+(1385) is well described for |t|>0.2 (GeV/c)2 by a single exponential of slope about half that for π+p→K+Σ+; there is no break near |t|>0.5 (GeV/c)2. We observe a dip in this cross section near t=0. The polarization in π+p→K+Σ+ is consistent with zero for |t|<0.4 (GeV/c)2 and becomes large and positive for larger |t|.

The reaction π−+p→Λ+K0 in the 72-in. hydrogen chamber was used to produce 7220 K0 mesons associated with a visible decay Λ→p+π−. The time dependence and absolute yield of the subsequent strong interactions of K0 and K0 in hydrogen were used to determine all the parameters of the neutral K system, without the assumption of CPT invariance or other assumptions about the weak interactions of neutral K's. From the time distribution of 59 events of the type K¯0+p→hyperon, we find the magnitude of the KS0−KL0 mass difference. We then determine the mixing parameters p, q, p′, q′ of the neutral K system by means of the time dependence and absolute yield of 11 charge-exchange events, K0+p→K++n, and the absolute yield of 49 two-body interactions, K¯0+p→hyperon+pion. The results are consistent with CPT invariance and with values of the mixing parameters determined by means of weak interactions. We find the Biswas ratio R≡σ(KLp→KSp)σ(KLp→hyperon) to be R=0.41±0.13 averaged over KL momenta from about 200 to 600 MeVc. This agrees with solution I of Kim and with the results of Kadyk et al. Our absolute yields for K¯0+p→hyperon+pion are in good agreement with the predictions of charge independence and the measured rates for K−+p→hyperon+pion. For the front-back asymmetry of the Λ in K¯0+p→Λ+π+, we find (F−B)(F+B)=−0.48±0.18, indicating that the P wave cannot be neglected relative to the S wave in our momentum range.

We report measurements of single-particle inclusive spectra and two-particle correlations in decays of the Υ(1S) resonance and in nonresonant annihilations of electrons and positrons at center-of-mass energy 10.49 GeV, just below BB¯ threshold. These data were obtained using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) and provide information on the production of π, K, ρ, K*, φ, p, Λ, and Ξ in quark and gluon jets. The average multiplicity of hadrons per event for upsilon decays (compared with continuum annihilations) is 11.4 (10.5) pions, 2.4 (2.2) kaons, 0.6 (0.5) ρ0, 1.2 (0.8) K*, 0.6 (0.4) protons and antiprotons, 0.15 (0.08) φ, 0.19 (0.07) Λ and Λ¯, and 0.016 (0.005) Ξ− and Ξ¯ +. We have also seen evidence for η and f0 production. The most significant differences between upsilon and continuum final states are (1) the inclusive energy spectra fall off more rapidly with increasing particle energy in upsilon decays, (2) the production of heavier particles, especially baryons, is not as strongly suppressed in upsilon decays, and (3) baryon and antibaryon are more likely to be correlated at long range in upsilon decay than in continuum events.

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Results of two studies of small angle elastic scattering are presented. The first experiment measured hadron-nucleus elastic scattering at 70, 125, 175 GeV/c incident momentum. The second experiment is a high statistics study of hadron-proton elastic scattering at 200 GeV/c incident momentum. Hadron-nucleus elastic scattering was measured for $\mu^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ scatterinq from Be, C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets at .incident beam momenta of 70 and 175 GeV/c and for $\mu^+$, $K^+$, and $p$ scattering from Be, Al, and Pb targets at an incident beam momentum of 125 GeV/c. In all cases the minimum -t is 0.001 $(GeV/c)^2$ ; the maximum -t is 0.07, 0.16. 0.30 ($GeV/c)^2$ for incident beam momenta of 70, 125, 175 GeV/c respectively. Parameterizations of the differential cross section, $d\sigma/dt$, in the forward direction are presented....

This Letter reports measurements of the ratios of $\pi$, K, and p production at large values of transverse momentum in $\pi^- −p$ collisions. The charge ratios, such as $\frac {\pi^−} {\pi^+}$, $\frac {K^−} {K^+}$, and $\frac {\overline{p}}{p}$ are seen to be quite different from those measured in p −p collisions. These ratios are sensitive tests of hard-scattering models, and are compared with theoretical predictions. The particle ratios have also been studied as a function of center-of-mass angle ($\theta^*$) at $\theta^*$ = 90°, 77°, and 60°.

We report on an experiment in which the SLAC 40-in. hybrid facility was exposed to an 8.8-GeV/c antiproton beam. Using external detectors we have identified a large fraction of nonannihilation events and thus obtained a clean sample of annihilation data. Using proton interactions taken in the same detector at the same energy we have made a detailed study of (p¯p−pp) differences and explored their relationship to p¯p annihilations.

The differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of π+, π−, K+, K−, p, and p¯ on protons have been measured in the t interval -0.04 to -0.75 GeV2 at five momenta: 50, 70, 100, 140, and 175 GeV/c. The t distributions have been parametrized by the quadratic exponential form dσdt=Aexp(B|t|+C|t|2) and the energy dependence has been described in terms of a single-pole Regge model. The pp and K+p diffraction peaks are found to shrink with α′∼0.20 and ∼0.15 GeV−2, respectively. The p¯p diffraction peak is antishrinking while π±p and K−p are relatively energy-independent. Total elastic cross sections are calculated by integrating the differential cross sections. The rapid decline in σel observed at low energies has stopped and all six reactions approach relatively constant values of σel. The ratio of σelσtot approaches a constant value for all six reactions by 100 GeV, consistent with the predictions of the geometric-scaling hypothesis. This ratio is ∼0.18 for pp and p¯p, and ∼0.12-0.14 for π±p and K±p. A crossover is observed between K+p and K−p scattering at |t|∼0.19 GeV2, and between pp and p¯p at |t|∼0.11 GeV2. Inversion of the cross sections into impact-parameter space shows that protons are quite transparent to mesons even in head-on collisions. The probability for a meson to pass through a proton head-on without interaction inelastically is ∼20% while it is only ∼6% for an incident proton or antiproton. Finally, the results are compared with various quark-model predictions.

Cross sections, differential cross sections, and hyperon polarization results are presented for the reactions K¯0p→Λπ+ and K¯0p→Σ0π+ in the momentum interval 1 to 12 GeV/c. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Λ and Σ channels, and on the momentum dependences of the data. In particular, the Λ polarization data are consistent with being independent of energy above 2 GeV/c; and the slopes of the forward cross sections are found to increase toward the slope values for the line-reversed reactions πp→K(Λ,Σ) as energy increases.

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We report on a measurement of the inclusive cross sections of $\Lambda$ , $\overline\Lambda$ , K 0

Invariant cross sections for hadron production (π±,K±,p and\(\bar p\)) by protons off C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb nuclei have been measured at 70 GeV for theP∧ range from 1 up to 4.65 GeV/c. TheA-dependence of the invariant cross section is not described by the exponentialAα(P∧), which points to the presence of secondary hadron absorption in nuclei.