The $L_{T}$ distribution in the MisID-enriched region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $L_{T}+p^{miss}_{T}$ distribution in the 3L below-Z signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $M_{T}$ distribution in the 3L on-Z signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $L_{T}+p^{miss}_{T}$ distribution in the 3L above-Z signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $L_{T}+p^{miss}_{T}$ distribution in the 3L OSSF0 signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $L_{T}+p^{miss}_{T}$ distribution in the 4L OSSF0 signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $L_{T}+p^{miss}_{T}$ distribution in the 4L OSSF1 signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The $L_{T}+p^{miss}_{T}$ distribution in the 4L OSSF2 signal region. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 0B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 0B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 1B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 1B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 1B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 1B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 1B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L(ee) 1B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 4L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 4L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 4L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$>400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 4L(ee) 0B, $S_{T}$>400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 4L(ee) 1B signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dielectron $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 4L(ee) 1B signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 0B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 0B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 1B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 1B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 1B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 1B, 400<$S_{T}$<800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 1B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 3L($\mu\mu$) 1B, $S_{T}$>800 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 4L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 4L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$<400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 4L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$>400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 4L($\mu\mu$) 0B, $S_{T}$>400 GeV signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{20}$ distribution in the 4L($\mu\mu$) 1B signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The dimuon $M_{OSSF}^{300}$ distribution in the 4L($\mu\mu$) 1B signal region. The last bin does not contain the overflow events. The signal is shown with $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$=0.05.

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits for the flavor-democratic scenario on the total production cross section of heavy fermion pairs.

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on the product of the total production cross section of tt$\phi$(S) and $\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$.

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on the product of the total production cross section of tt$\phi$(PS) and $\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$.

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on the product of the total production cross section of tt$\phi$(S) and $\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$.

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on the product of the total production cross section of tt$\phi$(PS) and $\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$.

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$ for tt$\phi$(S).

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {ee})$ for tt$\phi$(PS).

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$ for tt$\phi$(S).

The 95% confidence level exclusion limits on $g_{t}^2\mathcal{B}(\phi - {\mu\mu})$ for tt$\phi$(PS).

Product of the fiducial acceptance and the event selection efficiency for the type-III Seesaw signal model at various signal mass hypotheses calculated after all analysis selection requirements.

Product of the fiducial acceptance and the event selection efficiency for the tt$\phi$ signal models at various signal mass hypotheses calculated after all analysis selection requirements.

Observed $2 \Delta NLL$ of a 2D scan for $c^{-}_{\varphi Q}$ and $c_{\varphi t}$ with the other WCs profiled.

Observed $2 \Delta NLL$ of a 2D scan for $c_{tG}$ and $c_{t\varphi}$ with the other WCs profiled.

Observed $2 \Delta NLL$ of a 2D scan for $c^{1}_{Qt}$ and $c^{8}_{Qt}$ with the other WCs profiled.

Observed $2 \Delta NLL$ of a 2D scan for $c^{1}_{QQ}$ and $c^{8}_{Qt}$ with the other WCs profiled.

Observed $2 \Delta NLL$ of a 2D scan for $c^{1}_{Qt}$ and $c^{1}_{tt}$ with the other WCs profiled.

Observed $2 \Delta NLL$ of a 2D scan for $c^{1}_{QQ}$ and $c^{1}_{Qt}$ with the other WCs profiled.

Normalized dijet angular distributions for yboost < 1.11 and 1.5 < Mjj < 1.9 TeV.

Normalized dijet angular distributions for yboost < 1.11 and 1.2 < Mjj < 1.5 TeV.

Normalized dijet angular distributions for yboost < 1.11 and 1.0 < Mjj < 1.2 TeV.

Normalized dijet angular distributions for yboost < 1.11 and 0.8 < Mjj < 1.0 TeV.

Normalized dijet angular distributions for yboost < 1.11 and 0.6 < Mjj < 0.8 TeV.

Normalized dijet angular distributions for yboost < 1.11 and 0.4 < Mjj < 0.6 TeV.

Measured dijet angular distributions in bin of dijet invariant mass. P=3 and P=4 refers to the two jets in the final state.

Measured dijet angular distributions in bin of dijet invariant mass. P=3 and P=4 refers to the two jets in the final state.

Observed and expected 95% CL exclusions on the mass of various resonances. Systematic uncertainties are taken into account. For excited b quark the expected mass limit is below the range of this analysis. For the Axigluon/coloron and color-octet scalar only observed mass limits are computed.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma B A$ as a function of resonance mass for several values of the width-to-mass ratio $\Gamma$ / M, computed for qq $\to$ G $\to$ qq.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma B A$ as a function of resonance mass for several values of the width-to-mass ratio $\Gamma$ / M, computed for gg $\to$ G $\to$ gg.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma B A$ for QBHs from the inclusive analysis. These limits are valid for the number of extra dimensions n considered in this paper, ranging from 1 to 6.

Observed 95% CL lower limits on ${M_{QBH}}^{min}$ for different numbers of extra dimensions n and several values of M$_{D}$.

Correction factors defined as the ratio of the full cross section obtained from Eqs. (5)-(7) to the cross section from the narrow-width approximation calculations, as a function of the resonance mass, for qq resonances and for eight different resonance widths in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV.

Correction factors defined as the ratio of the full cross section obtained from Eqs. (5)-(7) to the cross section from the narrow-width approximation calculations, as a function of the resonance mass, for gg resonances and for eight different resonance widths in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV.

Expected $+ 1$ s.d. lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane after combinign with an analysis of the all-hadronic final state.

Expected - 1 s.d. lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane after combinign with an analysis of the all-hadronic final state.

Observed lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane after combinign with an analysis of the all-hadronic final state.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed $\ell\nu$+jets system ($m_{\mathrm{j}\ell\nu}$, $m_{\mathrm{jj}\ell\nu}$) in data and simulation for SR1.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed $\ell\nu$+jets system ($m_{\mathrm{j}\ell\nu}$, $m_{\mathrm{jj}\ell\nu}$) in data and simulation for SR2.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed $\ell\nu$+jets system ($m_{\mathrm{j}\ell\nu}$, $m_{\mathrm{jj}\ell\nu}$) in data and simulation for SR3.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed $\ell\nu$+jets system ($m_{\mathrm{j}\ell\nu}$, $m_{\mathrm{jj}\ell\nu}$) in data and simulation for SR5.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed $\ell\nu$+jets system ($m_{\mathrm{j}\ell\nu}$, $m_{\mathrm{jj}\ell\nu}$) in data and simulation for SR6.

Distribution of $m_{\mathrm{jjj}}$ for preselected events with $\mathrm{N}_{j}$ = 3

Distribution of $m_{\mathrm{j}}$ for preselected events with $\mathrm{N}_{j}$ = 3

Distribution of the deep-WH value of the highest-mass jet with 60 < $m_{\mathrm{j}}$ < 100 GeV for preselected events with $\mathrm{N}_{j}$ = 3

scale factors (SFs) for W, $t^{2}$, and q/g matched jets in the low-$m_{\mathrm{j}}$ and low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ (LL) bin, as functions of the deep-W discriminant value.

scale factors (SFs) for W, $t^{2}$, and q/g matched jets in the low-$m_{\mathrm{j}}$ and high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ (LH) bin, as functions of the deep-W discriminant value.

scale factors (SFs) for $t^{2}$, $t^{3,4}$, and q/g matched jets in the high-$m_{\mathrm{j}}$ and low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ (HL) bin, as functions of the deep-WH discriminant value.

scale factors (SFs) for $t^{2}$, $t^{3,4}$, and q/g matched jets in the high-$m_{\mathrm{j}}$ and high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ (HH) bin, as functions of the deep-WH discriminant value.

The deep-W discriminant of the jet with highest mass in the single-lepton sideband for LL samples.

The deep-W discriminant of the jet with highest mass in the single-lepton sideband for LH samples.

The deep-WH discriminant of the jet with highest mass in the single-lepton sideband for HL samples.

The deep-WH discriminant of the jet with highest mass in the single-lepton sideband for HH samples.

Comparison of the distribution of data and simulated backgrounds, as a function of the deep-W discriminant value for the highest-mass jet in CR1, after the scale factors have been applied.

Comparison of the distribution of data and simulated backgrounds, as a function of the deep-WH discriminant value for the highest-mass jet in CR2, after the scale factors have been applied.

Comparison of the distribution of data and simulated backgrounds, as a function of the deep-WH discriminant value for the highest-mass jet in CR3, after the scale factors have been applied.

Comparison of the distribution of data and simulated backgrounds, as a function of the deep-W discriminant value for the highest-mass jet in CR45, after the scale factors have been applied.

Comparison of the distribution of data and simulated backgrounds, as a function of the deep-W discriminant value for the highest-mass jet in CR6, after the scale factors have been applied.

The $m_{\mathrm{j}^{\mathrm{max}}}$ distributions for different jet types for SR1–3 events of the signal with $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ = 2.5 TeV, $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ = 0.2 TeV$ without deep-W (WH) constraints.

The deep-W distribution normalized to unity for the shown components of of the signal with $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ = 2.5 TeV, $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ = 0.2 TeV. The $t^{3,4}$ jets from the preselected sample, normalized to unity, are superimposed to compare shapes with the $R^{3q}$ and $R^{4q}$ distributions.

The deep-WH distribution normalized to unity for the shown components of of the signal with $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ = 2.5 TeV, $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ = 0.2 TeV. The $t^{3,4}$ jets from the preselected sample, normalized to unity, are superimposed to compare shapes with the $R^{3q}$ and $R^{4q}$ distributions.

The $m_{\mathrm{jj}}$ distribution for CR1 for data and simulation.

The $m_{\mathrm{jj}}$ distribution for CR2 for data and simulation.

The $m_{\mathrm{jj}}$ distribution for CR3 for data and simulation.

The $m_{\mathrm{jjj}}$ distribution for CR45 for data and simulation.

The $m_{\mathrm{jjj}}$ distribution for CR6 for data and simulation.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed triboson system ($m_{\mathrm{jj}}$) in data and simulation for SR1.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed triboson system ($m_{\mathrm{jj}}$) in data and simulation for SR2.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed triboson system ($m_{\mathrm{jj}}$) in data and simulation for SR3.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed triboson system ($m_{\mathrm{jjj}}$) in data and simulation for SR4.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed triboson system ($m_{\mathrm{jjj}}$) in data and simulation for SR5.

Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed triboson system ($m_{\mathrm{jjj}}$) in data and simulation for SR6.

Observed upper limits at $95\%$ CL on the signal cross section $\times$ branching fraction as functions of the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ resonance masses.

Expected median lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane.

Expected $+ 1$ s.d. lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane.

Expected - 1 s.d. lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane.

Observed lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane.

The signal cross-sections values of the signal QBH RS1 with n=1 extra dimensions, as a function of threshold mass

The product of acceptance and selection efficiency for QBH ADD model, as a function of threshold mass of the signal.

The product of acceptance and selection efficiency for QBH RS1 models, as a function of threshold mass of the signal.

The product of acceptance and selection efficiency for q* signal, as a function of resonance mass

The product of acceptance and selection efficiency for b* signal, as a function of resonance mass of the signal.

Distributions of the γ+jet invariant mass generated from various signal samples for reconstructed mass 4 TeV

Fitting distribution of data with expected q*, and QBH signal events, and fit parameters p0= 3.05674e+00, p1 = 10.5343, p3 = 4.15163 and p4 = 0.107405

Fitting distribution of data with expected b* events, and fit parameters p0= 1.45055e+03, p1 = 2.04830e+01, p3 = -4.16760e-01 and p4 = -5.07768e-01

Fitting distribution of data with expected b* events for 0btag category, and fit parameters p0= 2.44120e+00, p1 = 1.08886e+01, p3 = 4.23198e+00 and p4 = 1.16300e-01

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for q* signal coupling f = 1.0, as a function of the resonance mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of q* signal for coupling multiplier f =1.0

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for the q* signal coupling f = 0.5, as a function of the resonance mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of q* signal for coupling multiplier f =0.5

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for q* coupling f = 0.1, as a function of the resonance mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of q* signal for coupling multiplier f =0.1

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for b* signal coupling f = 1.0, as a function of the resonance mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of b* signal for coupling multiplier f =1.0

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for b* signal coupling f = 0.5, as a function of the resonance mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of b* signal for coupling multiplier f =0.5

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for b* signal coupling f = 0.1, as a function of the resonance mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of b* signal for coupling multiplier f =0.1

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for QBH ADD signal, as a function of the mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of ADD signal

Exclusion limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction for QBH RS1 signal, as a function of the mass hypothesis.

Theoretical cross-section of RS1 signal

The expected and observed exclusion mass limits for q* and b* signals, as a function coupling multiplier

The observed exclusion mass limits for b* signal, as a function of threshold mass of the signal.