TABLE ALSO GIVES VALUES OF RE(AMP)/IM(AMP) OR SLOPE WHEN THE OTHER IS HELD FIXED IN T HE FIT.

OBTAINED BY INTEGRATING DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL FIT TO THE DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION NORMALIZED TO THE OPTICAL POINT OVER -T = 0 TO 0.81 GEV**2.

OBLATENESS AND THRUST DISTRIBUTIONS FOR SEPARATED JETS. SEE RED = 1145.

OVERALL FIT USED.

No description provided.

No description provided.

The target analysing power at incident kinetic energy 220 MeV. Additional systematic uncertainty of +- 0.014 and a scalar error of 2.5 PCT.

The target analysing power at incident kinetic energy 325 MeV. Additional systematic uncertainty of +- 0.015 and a scalar error of 2.5 PCT.

The target analysing power at incident kinetic energy 425 MeV. Additional systematic uncertainty of +- 0.019 and a scalar error of 2.5 PCT.

Measurements of the beam and target analysis powers from CSB (Charge symmetry breaking experiment Triumf-121 - see also PR D39,2464(1989). Additional scale uncertainty is 2.6 PCT (4.7 PCT) for the beam (target) analysing power. Note that the authors advise that the data presented in this table should not be used as a precise test of charge symmatry breaking since the presentation here does not result in the careful cancellation of all systematic errors.

The spin correlation parameter at incident kinetic energy 220 MeV. Additional systematic uncertainty of +- 0.019 and a scalar error of 5.5 PCT.

The spin correlation parameter at incident kinetic energy 325 MeV. Additional systematic uncertainty of +- 0.019 and a scalar error of 5.3 PCT.

The spin correlation parameter at incident kinetic energy 425 MeV. Additional systematic uncertainty of +- 0.022 and a scalar error of 5.4 PCT.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

Minimum-bias (0–80% of the collision cross section) v2(pT ) for identified hadrons at |η| < 1 from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. To facilitate comparisons between panels, v2 values for inclusive charged hadrons are displayed in each panel. The error bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. Systematic uncertainties for the identified particles are shown as shaded bands around v2 = 0.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The unidentified charged hadron, charged pion, $K^0_S$, charged kaon, proton and Λ+Λ v2 as a function of pT for 10%–40%, 0%–10% and 40%–80% of the Au+Au interaction cross section at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. Weak-decay feed-down errors are included in the error bars on the data points while non-flow and tracking error uncertainties are plotted as bands around v2 = 0, which apply to all identified particles. The errors are asymmetric and the portion of the error band above (below) zero represents the negative (positive) error.

The ratio of Λ v2 to Λbar v2. The data are from minimum bias Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The bands show the average values of the ratios within the indicated pT ranges.

The ratio of Λ v2 to Λbar v2. The data are from minimum bias Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The bands show the average values of the ratios within the indicated pT ranges.

The pT integrated ratio of Λ v2 to Λbar v2 for three centrality intervals 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80%. The data are from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV.

The pT integrated ratio of Λ v2 to Λbar v2 for three centrality intervals 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80%. The data are from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV.

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

Identified particle v2 from minimum bias collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV scaled by the number of valence quarks in the hadron (nq) and plotted versus pT/nq (a) and (mT − m0)/nq (b). In each case a polynomial curve is fit to all particles except pions. The ratio of v2/nq to the fit function is shown in the bottom panels (c) and (d).

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

v2/nq scaled by the mean eccentricity of the initial overlap region versus (mT − m0)/nq for 0%–10%, 10%–40%, and 40%–80% most central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panels - minimum bias $v_4$ for pions, charged kaons, $K^0_S$, anti-protons and Λ + Λbar at √sNN = 62.4 GeV. In the left panel the solid (dashed) line shows thevalue for $v_2^2$ for pions (kaons). Intheright panel the dashedline is $v_2^2$ for Λ + Λbar. Bottom panels - $v_4$ scaled by $v_2^2$ (points where $v_4$ and $v_2$ fluctuate around zero are not plotted). Grey bands correspond to the fit results described in the text and Table II. The systematic errors on the $v_4/v_2^2$ ratio from nonflow are included in the error bars leading to asymmetric errors.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Top panel - $v_2$ for pions and protons at √sNN = 62.4 and 17.3 GeV. The 62.4 GeV data are from TOF and dE/dx measurements combined. Middle and bottom panel - ratios of $v_2$ for $\pi^++\pi^-$, $K^0_S$, p+p, Λ+Λbar and at different center-of-mass energies scaled by the values at 62.4 GeV. The grey and yellow bands represent systematic uncertainties in the v2 ratios arising from non-flow effects. The grey bands (above unity) are the uncertainties for the 200 GeV/62.4 GeV data and the yellow bands (below unity) are for the 17.3 GeV/62.4 GeV data.

Centrality and pT dependence of RCP for pions and protons for Au+Au at sqrt(sNN) = 62.4 GeV. For studying the energy dependence, the corresponding RCP for central 0-12% Au+Au at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV are shown. RAA for pions at 62.4 GeV (0-10%) and 200 GeV (0-12%) are also shown.

The proton (anti-proton) over pion ratios versus pT at sqrt(sNN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV for central and peripheral collisions.

(Color online) Global polarization of $\Lambda$–hyperons as a function of centrality given as fraction of the total inelastic hadronic cross section. Filled circles show the results for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV (centrality region 20-70%) and open squares indicate the results for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=62.4 GeV (centrality region 0-80%). Only statistical uncertainties are shown.

(Color online) Global polarization of $\overline{\Lambda}$–hyperons as a function of $\overline{\Lambda}$ transverse momentum $p^{\overline{\Lambda}}_{t}$. Filled circles show the results for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV (centrality region 20-70%) and open squares indicate the results for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=62.4 GeV (centrality region 0-80%). Only statistical uncertainties are shown.

(Color online) Global polarization of $\overline{\Lambda}$–hyperons as a function of $\overline{\Lambda}$ pseudorapidity $\eta^{\overline{\Lambda}}$. Filled circles show the results for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV (centrality region 20-70%). A constant line fit to these data points yields $P_{\Lambda}=(1.8\pm 10.8)\times 10^{-3}$ with $\chi^{2}/ndf=5.5/10$. Open squares show the results for Au+Au collisions as $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=62.4 GeV (centrality region 0-80%). A constant line fit gives $P_{\Lambda}=(-17.6\pm 11.1)\times 10^{-3}$ with $\chi^{2}/ndf=8.0/10$. Only statistical uncertainties are shown.

(Color online) Global polarization of $\overline{\Lambda}$–hyperons as a function of as a function of centrality. Filled circles show the results for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV (centrality region 20-70%) and open squares indicate the result for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=62.4 GeV (centrality region 0-80%). Only statistical uncertainties are shown.

(Color online) Acceptance correction function $A_{0}(p^{H}_{t}, \eta^{H})$ defined in (10) as a function of $\Lambda$ (filled circles) and $\overline{\Lambda}$ (open squares) transverse momentum (top) and pseudorapidity (bottom). The deviation of this function from unity affects the overall scale of the measured global polarization according to Eq. 9. See the text for details and discussions on $A_{0}$ $p^{H}_{t}$ and $\eta^{H}$ dependence.

(Color online) Acceptance correction function $A_{0}(p^{H}_{t}, \eta^{H})$ defined in (10) as a function of $\Lambda$ (filled circles) and $\overline{\Lambda}$ (open squares) transverse momentum (top) and pseudorapidity (bottom). The deviation of this function from unity affects the overall scale of the measured global polarization according to Eq. 9. See the text for details and discussions on $A_{0}$ $p^{H}_{t}$ and $\eta^{H}$ dependence.

(Color online) Function $A_{2}(p^{H}_{t}, \eta^{H})$ defined in (11) as a function of $\Lambda$ (filled circles) and $\overline{\Lambda}$ (open squares) transverse momentum (top) and pseudorapidity (bottom). The deviation of this function from zero defines the contribution to the observable (3) from $P^{(2)}_{H} (p^{H}_{t}, \eta^{H})$ in the expansion (6).

(Color online) Function $A_{2}(p^{H}_{t}, \eta^{H})$ defined in (11) as a function of $\Lambda$ (filled circles) and $\overline{\Lambda}$ (open squares) transverse momentum (top) and pseudorapidity (bottom). The deviation of this function from zero defines the contribution to the observable (3) from $P^{(2)}_{H} (p^{H}_{t}, \eta^{H})$ in the expansion (6).

(Color online) Dynamical net charge fluctuations, $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, of particles produced with pseudorapidity $|\eta|$ < 0.5 scaled by (a) the multiplicity, $dN_{ch}/d\eta$. The dashed line corresponds to charge conservation effect and the solid line to the prediction for a resonance gas, (b) the number of participants, and (c) the number of binary collisions.

(Color online) Dynamical net charge fluctuations, $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, of particles produced with pseudorapidity $|\eta|$ < 0.5 scaled by (a) the multiplicity, $dN_{ch}/d\eta$. The dashed line corresponds to charge conservation effect and the solid line to the prediction for a resonance gas, (b) the number of participants, and (c) the number of binary collisions.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, normalized to their value for |$\eta$| < 1, as function of the integrated pseudorapidity range. (a) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-5%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (30-40%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ collision data at $\sqrt{}s$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, normalized to their value for |$\eta$| < 1, as function of the integrated pseudorapidity range. (a) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-5%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (30-40%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ collision data at $\sqrt{}s$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, as a function of the integrated azimuthal range $\phi$ for selected collision centralities for (a) $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, as a function of the integrated azimuthal range $\phi$ for selected collision centralities for (a) $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, as a function of the integrated azimuthal range $\phi$ for similar number of participating nucleons for $Au + Au$ and $Cu + Cu$ $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1(\eta)$ for 40-80 % centrality in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1(p_t)$ in 200 GeV Au+Au for three centralities and two pseudorapidity ranges.

Charged particle $v_1(\eta)$ for mid-central (30-60%) Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV and 62.4 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus centrality for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV and 62.4 GeV in two pseudorapidity ranges.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Cu+Cu collisions at 62.4 GeV.

Upper panels: same-event (full points) and mixed-event (solid line) $K^{+}K^{-}$ invariant mass distributions at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.4 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV collisions (a), 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 62.4 GeV collisions (60–80%) (c), and 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–10%) (e). Lower panels: the corresponding $\phi$ meson mass peaks after subtracting the background. Dashed curves show a Breit-Wigner + linear background function fit in (b), (d). In (f), both linear and quadratic backgrounds are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines, respectively.

Upper panels: same-event (full points) and mixed-event (solid line) $K^{+}K^{-}$ invariant mass distributions at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.4 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV collisions (a), 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 62.4 GeV collisions (60–80%) (c), and 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–10%) (e). Lower panels: the corresponding $\phi$ meson mass peaks after subtracting the background. Dashed curves show a Breit-Wigner + linear background function fit in (b), (d). In (f), both linear and quadratic backgrounds are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines, respectively.

Upper panels: same-event (full points) and mixed-event (solid line) $K^{+}K^{-}$ invariant mass distributions at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.4 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV collisions (a), 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 62.4 GeV collisions (60–80%) (c), and 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–10%) (e). Lower panels: the corresponding $\phi$ meson mass peaks after subtracting the background. Dashed curves show a Breit-Wigner + linear background function fit in (b), (d). In (f), both linear and quadratic backgrounds are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines, respectively.

Reconstruction efficiency including acceptance of $\phi$ meson as a function of $p_{T}$ in several centrality bins of Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p 200 GeV collisions.

Reconstruction efficiency including acceptance of $\phi$ meson as a function of $p_{T}$ in several centrality bins of Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p 200 GeV collisions.

Reconstruction efficiency including acceptance of $\phi$ meson as a function of $p_{T}$ in several centrality bins of Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p 200 GeV collisions.

Event plane $\Phi_{2}$ resolution as a function of centrality in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions, where the vertical axis starts from 0.3 for clarity.

$\phi−\Phi_{2}$ distribution for $\phi$ meson at 1.5 < $p_{T}$ < 2.0 GeV/c in Au + Au collisions (0–80$\%$) at 200 GeV. The line is the fitting result. Error bars are statistical only.

<cos2($\phi_{K^{+}K^{-}}$-$\Phi_{2}$)> (full red points) and <sin2($\phi_{K^{+}K^{-}}$-$\Phi_{2}$)> (open blue points) as a function of $m_{inv}$ of $K^{+}K^{-}$ pairs at 0.5 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–80\%), where the solid curve is the result of fitting by Eq. (10). The arrow shows the position of the $\phi$ invariant mass peak. The dashed line shows the zero horizontal line.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

The $\Omega/\phi$ ratio vs $p_{T}$ for three centrality bins in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$ Au + Au collisions, where the data points for 40–60$\%$ are shifted slightly for clarity. As shown in the legend, the lines represent results from Hwa and Yang [96], Ko et al. [97], and, for SCF, Refs. [98,99].

The $\Omega/\phi$ ratio vs $p_{T}$ for three centrality bins in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$ Au + Au collisions, where the data points for 40–60$\%$ are shifted slightly for clarity. As shown in the legend, the lines represent results from Hwa and Yang [96], Ko et al. [97], and, for SCF, Refs. [98,99].

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions. The top and bottom panels present $R_{cp}$ from midperipheral and most-peripheral collisions, respectively. See legend for symbol and line designations. The rectangular bands showthe uncertainties of binary and participant scalings. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions. The top and bottom panels present $R_{cp}$ from midperipheral and most-peripheral collisions, respectively. See legend for symbol and line designations. The rectangular bands showthe uncertainties of binary and participant scalings. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 62.4 and 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions, where rectangular bands represent the uncertainties of binary and participant scalings (see legend). Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 62.4 and 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions, where rectangular bands represent the uncertainties of binary and participant scalings (see legend). Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 62.4 and 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions, where rectangular bands represent the uncertainties of binary and participant scalings (see legend). Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{AB}$ for $\phi$ in Au + Au 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions. For comparison, data points for $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$ in d + Au 200 GeV and $p+\bar{p}$ in d + Au 200 GeV are also shown (see legend). Rectangular bands show the uncertainties of binary (solid line) and participant (dot-dash line) scalings. Systematic errors are included for $\phi$, $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$, and $p+\bar{p}$.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{AB}$ for $\phi$ in Au + Au 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions. For comparison, data points for $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$ in d + Au 200 GeV and $p+\bar{p}$ in d + Au 200 GeV are also shown (see legend). Rectangular bands show the uncertainties of binary (solid line) and participant (dot-dash line) scalings. Systematic errors are included for $\phi$, $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$, and $p+\bar{p}$.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the elliptic flow $v_{2}$ of $\phi$, $\Lambda$, and $K_{s}^{0}$ in Au + Au collisions (0–80$\%$) at 200 GeV. Data points for $\phi$ are from the reaction plane method (full up-triangles) and invariant mass method (full circles), where data points from the reaction plane method are shifted slightly along the $x$ axis for clarity. Vertical error bars represent statistical errors, while the square bands represent systematic uncertainties. The magenta curved band represents the $v_{2}$ of $\phi$ meson from the AMPT model with a string melting mechanism [116]. The dash and dot curves represent parametrizations inspired by number-of-quark scaling ideas from Ref. [117] for NQ = 2 and NQ = 3, respectively.

Elliptic flow $v_{2}$ as a function of $p_{T}$ , $v_{2}$($p_{T}$), for the $\phi$ meson from different centralities. The vertical error bars represent the statistical errors, while the square bands represent the systematic uncertainties. For clarity, data points of 10–40$\%$ are shifted in the $p_{T}$ direction slightly.

Elliptic flow $v_{2}$ as a function of $p_{T}$ , $v_{2}$($p_{T}$), for the $\phi$ meson from different centralities. The vertical error bars represent the statistical errors, while the square bands represent the systematic uncertainties. For clarity, data points of 10–40$\%$ are shifted in the $p_{T}$ direction slightly.

Upper panels. $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factors as a function of $p_{T}$ of $\phi$ mesons for $0-10\%$ and $20-30\%$ $Cu+Cu$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factor. The error bars represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature. The shaded band in upper panel around 1 at $p_{T}=4.5-5.5$ GeV/$c$ in the right side reflects the uncertainty in $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ and that on the lower panel for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ calculation for central $Au+Au$ collisions. The respective uncertainties for central $Cu+Cu$ collisions are of similar order.

Upper panels. $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factors as a function of $p_{T}$ of $\phi$ mesons for $0-10\%$ and $20-30\%$ $Cu+Cu$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factor. The error bars represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature. The shaded band in upper panel around 1 at $p_{T}=4.5-5.5$ GeV/$c$ in the right side reflects the uncertainty in $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ and that on the lower panel for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ calculation for central $Au+Au$ collisions. The respective uncertainties for central $Cu+Cu$ collisions are of similar order.

Upper panels. $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factors as a function of $p_{T}$ of $\phi$ mesons for $0-10\%$ and $20-30\%$ $Cu+Cu$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factor. The error bars represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature. The shaded band in upper panel around 1 at $p_{T}=4.5-5.5$ GeV/$c$ in the right side reflects the uncertainty in $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ and that on the lower panel for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ calculation for central $Au+Au$ collisions. The respective uncertainties for central $Cu+Cu$ collisions are of similar order.

Upper panel. The ratio of the yields of $K^{−}$, $\phi$, $\bar{\Lambda}$ and $\Xi+\bar{\Xi}$ normalized to $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions to corresponding yields in inelastic $p+p$ collisions as a function of $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ at 200 GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $\phi$ mesons in $Cu+Cu$ collisions at 200 and 62.4 GeV. The $p+p$ collision data at 200 GeV are from STAR [5] and at 62.4 GeV from ISR [29]. The error bars shown represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature.

Upper panel. The ratio of the yields of $K^{−}$, $\phi$, $\bar{\Lambda}$ and $\Xi+\bar{\Xi}$ normalized to $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions to corresponding yields in inelastic $p+p$ collisions as a function of $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ at 200 GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $\phi$ mesons in $Cu+Cu$ collisions at 200 and 62.4 GeV. The $p+p$ collision data at 200 GeV are from STAR [5] and at 62.4 GeV from ISR [29]. The error bars shown represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature.

(Color online) Measured dynamical $K/\pi$ fluctuations in terms of $\nu_{dyn,K\pi}$ for 62.4 and 200 GeV Au+Au compared with $\sigma^{2}_{dyn}$ from central Pb+Pb collisions at 6.3, 7.6, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV from NA49 [7]. Statistical errors are shown for the STAR data. Statistical and systematic errors are shown for the NA49 results. The solid line corresponds to a fit to the STAR data of the form $c + d/(dN/d\eta)$.

(Color online) The dN/dη scaled dynamical $K/\pi$ fluctuations for summed charges (stars), same signs (circles), and opposite signs (squares) as a function of $dN/d\eta$. The errors shown are statistical. The open and filled symbols refer to Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV respectively. The dash-dot, dotted, and dashed lines represents HIJING calculations for summed charges, same signs, and opposite signs respectively.