This work extends our previous investigations at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings, with improved statistics at three different energies, wider angular range and a better control over systematic errors. Values for the (diffraction) shape parameter b are given.
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Small angle elastic scattering events have been observed at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings. Directions of both particles as well as the collision vertex are reconstructed with the help of four sets of spark chambers, two for each of the two arms. The elastic nature of the events is demonstrated by a collinearity requirement. We find values for the (diffraction) slope parameter in disagreement with the simple linear extrapolation of lower energy (Surpukov) data.
NUMBER OF EVENTS 87364.
NUMBER OF EVENTS 8305.
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We have investigated the above processes at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR). Results show a marked change of the slope parameter b ( t , s ) = (d/d t ) ln (d σ /d t ) around − t ≈ 0.10 GeV 2 . The s − and t − dependence of b ( t , s ) have been observed over the interval 460 GeV 2 < s < 2900 GeV 2 and 0.02 GeV 2 < t < 0.40 GeV 2 .
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In an exposure of the 30-in. hydrogen bubble chamber to a 303−GeVc proton beam, 2245 interactions have been observed. The measured total cross section is 39.0±1.0 mb and the average charged particle multiplicity 〈nch〉=8.86±0.16.
TOPOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONS.
We present measurements of the invariant cross section for the inclusive reaction p+p→p+X in the region 0.14<|t|<0.38 GeV2, 100<s<750 GeV2, and 0.80<x<0.93.
The cross sections are fitted by the formula CONST(C=A)*EXP(SLOPE*T)*(1+CO NST(C=B)/SQRT(S)).
From analysis of V0 events observed in an exposure of the National Accelerator Laboratory 30-in. bubble chamber to 303−GeVc protons, we obtain these results: (1) 〈nπ0〉 rises approximately linearly with n-, implying strong coupling of neutral and charged pions, while 〈nKS0〉 is less coupled to n; (2) γ, KS0, and Λ0 production cross sections are approaching a scaling limit by 303 GeVc; (3) within the limited statistics, dσdy is flat in the central region for KS0 and low-multiplicity γ events.
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We have measured cross section for γ , K S °, Λ and Λ production at 102 GeV/ c and find: σ ( γ ) = 170 ± 16 mb ., σ ( K S °) = 4.6 ± 0.5 mb ., σ ( Λ ) = 3.2 ± 0.4 mb ., and σ( Λ ) = 0.23 ± 0.10 mb. Both 〈 n π °〉 and 〈 n Ks °〉 appear to rise linearly with n - while the ratio 〈 n Ks °〉/〈 n π °〉 is approximately independent of n - . The integrated invariant cross section as a function of x as well as d σ /d y and d σ /d p T 2 are presented and compared with other data.
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We have measured the total inelastic cross section (σinel) and charged-particle multiplicities obtained in pp collisions at 405 GeV/c. The data are from a preliminary 12 000-picture bubble-chamber exposure. We find σinel=32.8±1.0 mb; the low moments of the multiplicity distribution for negative particles are 〈n−〉=3.50±0.07, D−=2.37±0.05, f2−=2.1±0.2, and f3−=0.1±0.9. We also present updated results at 102 GeV/c.
SUPERCEDES PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN J. W. CHAPMAN ET AL., PRL 29, 1686 (1972).
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FIT TO ELASTIC DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION FOR 0.05 < -T < 0.7 GEV**2.
Inclusive π− distributions from 205-GeV/c pp interactions, covering the full range of longitudinal and transverse momenta, have been obtained using the 30-in. hydrogen bubble chamber at the National Accelerator Laboratory. These data provide new evidence for scaling in the fragmentation region and for a plateau in the central region of rapidity. The 90°-c.m. invariant cross section varies as exp[−(10±2)PT2] in the range PT2<~0.1 (GeV/c)2.
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We present the first results of an experiment at the CERN intersecting storage rings, which measures the total cross-section in proton-proton collisions. The equivalent laboratory momenta are 291, 496, 1068 and 1480 GeV/c. We have made a direct measurement of αT as the ratio between the total interaction rate and the machine luminosity. The present paper gives a detailed description of the experimental apparatus and of the analysis procedure. We find that αT increases by about 10% in the energy region studied.
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We present an analysis, in the framework of the triple Regge model, of our recent experimental results on the reaction p+p→p+X between 50 and 400 GeV.
The cross sections is fitted in the framework of the triple Regge model. The symbols P and R in the (C=...) denote pomeron and reggeon, respectively. For fit I and II the authors used conventional trajectories alpha(P) = 1 +0.25*T, alpha(R) = 0.5 + T. Fit II is restricted to data with (1 - M(P=4)**2/S) > 0.84. In fit III they use alpha(R) = 0.2 + T for the RRP term. Fit IV is like fit I with additional fixed (pion pion P) term.
The cross sections is fitted in the farmework of the triple Regge model. The symbols P and R in teh (C=...) denote pomeron and reggeon, respectively. CONST(C=C) and SLOPE are from the replacement of the RRP term by the exponential one : CONST(C=C)*(SLOPE*(1-x)). See text for detail.
We have investigated the pp elastic scattering at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR). We report results for centre-of-mass scattering angles between 30 and 100 mrad and for centre-of-mass energies of 23.5,30.7, 44.9 and 53 GeV. The elastic differential cross-section shows a diffraction-like shape with a sharp minimum at about t = −1.4 GeV 2 .
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Data from p+p→p+X at 102, 205, and 405 GeV and from π−+p→p+X at 205 GeV exhibit an approximate scaling property in the charged-prong multiplicity distributions as a function of the missing mass for the range 5<~MX<~13 GeV.
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The single diffraction dissociation process pp → (p π + π − )p has been studied at the CERN ISR at √ s = 45 GeV and 0.1 < − t < 0.6 GeV 2 . The reaction is dominated by nucleon resonance production: pp → pN (1520) and pp → pN(1688) with cross-sections (0.25 ± 0.08) mb and (0.56 ± 0.19) mb respectively.
DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR THREE RANGES OF <P PI+ PI-> MASS.
FROM BREIT-WIGNER PLUS BACKGROUND FITS. CORRECTIONS FOR OTHER DECAY MODES USE THE PDG 1974 TABLES FOR N(1520) AND N(1688).
We present data on inclusive and semi-inclusive ϱ 0 production in 147 GeV/ c π − p interactions. We find a total cross section of 7.3 ± 1.3 mb. Most of this cross section is found in the lower topology events (⩽ 10 prongs), and in the central and forward rapidity regions. The P T 2 dependence of ϱ 0 production, 〈: n > ϱ 0 per event, and the ϱ 0 / π + ratios are also discussed.
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A very narrow resonance with a mass of 3.1 GeV/c2 is observed in the reaction n+Be→μ++μ−+X. The total cross section for this process, as well as its P⊥2 and x distribution, are given.
The cross section per nucleon times the branching ratio.
We have studied inclusive Δ++(1236) production for |tpΔ|<1.0 (GeV/c)2 in a 50 000 picture exposure of the 30-inch hydrogen bubble chamber to a 205 GeV/c proton beam. The inclusive Δ++ cross section for one hemisphere in the center-of-mass system is (1.30±0.14) mb. The mean charged multiplicity of the system recoiling off the Δ++ is in agreement with that for laboratory π−p interactions at the same energy in the center-of-mass frame. The inclusive Δ++ production is compared to inclusive Λ0 and proton production in the same experiment. The connection between Δ++ production and diffraction is discussed. We find that not all Δ++ come from the decay of a diffractively-produced state. The PT2 distribution for the Δ++ has a slope of (10.5±0.9) (GeV/c)−2 for PT2≲0.2 (GeV/c)2. This slope, together with the decay angular distribution of the Δ++ at small momentum transfer, suggests a strong pion-exchange contribution to the inclusive process. We compare the data to the expectation of a triple-Regge model with ρ- and π-exchange contributions.
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Data obtained from p-p collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 31 and 63 GeV are presented on correlations between momentum analysed forward π − , K − and p and charged particles observed in an omnidirectional hodoscope. The data show that significant correlations are present over the whole rapidity range for all three types of negative particles. The dependence on various kinematic variables suggests a cluster mechanism for the production of particles. In this picture, pions would be produced in clusters emitted in the fragmentation region while K − and p emanate from non-leading clusters.
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Data, obtained from p-p collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 31 and 63 GeV, are presented on inclusive and semi-inclusive correlations between forward emitted neutrons and charged particles observed in an omnidirectional hodoscope. A total absorption spectrometer was used to detect the neutrons and to measure their energy. Significant correlations are observed over the whole rapidity range. The data suggest that neutrons result from the decay of clusters emitted in the fragmentation region.
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We present a measurement of the total cross section σ t in proton-proton collisions at the CERN ISR. The method involves determination of the total interaction rate and machine luminosity. A two-arm scintillation hodoscope observes ∼ 90% of the total interaction rate, while a streamer chamber is employed for event topologies missed by the main trigger. An increase of about 10% in σ t is observed in the energy range √ s = 23.6 to √ s = 62.8 GeV/ c in agreement with previous experiments.
VAN DER MEER METHOD.
We present data on the semi-inclusive distributions of rapidities of secondary particles produced in pp collisions at very high energies. Our experiment was performed at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR). The data given here, at centre-of-mass energies of √s=23 and 62 GeV, include the single-particle distributions and two-particle correlations. The semi-inclusive correlations show pronounced short-range correlation effects which have a width considerably narrower than in the case of inclusive correlations. We show that these short-range effects can be understood empirically in terms of three parameters whose energy and multiplicity dependence are studied. The data support the picture of multiparticle production in which clusters of small multiplicity and small dispersion are emitted with subsequent decay into hadrons.
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We present a study of the transverse momentum spectrum of π 0 's produced at c.m. angles θ = 90° and 53° in pp collisions at √ s = 23.6, 30.8, 45.1, 53.2, and 62.9 GeV. The experiment was performed with a lead-glass detector. The data can be described with the usual parametrization p T −n ƒ;(x T , θ) , with n = 7.2 ± 0.2. Comparison between the 90° and 53° data further indicates no appreciable dependence on θ , at least for x T < 0.3. Two-particle inclusive cross sections for π 0 's produced alongside are also presented. They are observed to have a dependence upon the transverse momentum of the dipion similar to that of single-particle cross sections and with the same value of n . Two-photon decays of η mesons are observed between 3 and 4 GeV/ c transverse momentum with a production cross section half of that of π 0 .
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Inclusive and semi-inclusive ρ 0 production are studied in 205 GeV/ c pp interactions. The number of ρ 0 per inelastic event is 0.33 ± 0.06, so that (13 ± 2)% of the π − are products of ϱ 0 decay. The ρ 0 are found to be produced mainly near y = 0 and tend to have larger average transverse momentum than do pions.
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The results presented in this paper were obtained from a 105 000 frame exposure of the FNAL Hybrid Proportional Wire Chamber-30 inch Bubble Chamber System, in a tagged beam of 147 GeV/ c negative particles. Elastic, total and topological cross sections were obtained for both π − p and K − p interactions. Comparisons with other data, taken with various beam particles over large momentum intervals, show good agreement with KNO scaling, and similarity in the scaling behavior of σ n for the different beam particles.
THESE CROSS SECTIONS ARE NOT NORMALIZED TO ANY OTHER ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT. THE ERRORS INCLUDE SOME SYSTEMATIC ERRORS.
THE FORWARD CROSS SECTION AGREES WELL WITH THE OPTICAL POINT FROM TOTAL CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTS.
THESE CROSS SECTIONS ARE NOT NORMALIZED TO ANY OTHER ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT.
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