A measurement is presented of the charged hadron multiplicity in hadronic PbPb collisions, as a function of pseudorapidity and centrality, at a collision energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. The data sample is collected using the CMS detector and a minimum-bias trigger, with the CMS solenoid off. The number of charged hadrons is measured both by counting the number of reconstructed particle hits and by forming hit doublets of pairs of layers in the pixel detector. The two methods give consistent results. The charged hadron multiplicity density dN(ch)/d eta, evaluated at eta=0 for head-on collisions, is found to be 1612 +/- 55, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects. Comparisons of these results to previous measurements and to various models are also presented.
The measured charged hadron multiplicity density as a function of the centrality.
The measured charged hadron multiplicity density divided by Npart/2 as a function of the pseudorapidity in 4 centrality bins.
The measured charged hadron multiplicity density at pseudorapidiy=0 divided by Npart/2 as a function of the number of participants.
The production of jets associated to bottom quarks is measured for the first time in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. Jet spectra are reported in the transverse momentum (pt) range of 80-250 GeV, and within pseudorapidity abs(eta < 2). The nuclear modification factor (R[AA]) calculated from these spectra shows a strong suppression in the b-jet yield in PbPb collisions relative to the yield observed in pp collisions at the same energy. The suppression persists to the largest values of pt studied, and is centrality dependent. The R[AA] is about 0.4 in the most central events, similar to previous observations for inclusive jets. This implies that jet quenching does not have a strong dependence on parton mass and flavor in the jet pt range studied.
The b-jet yield as a function of pT is for the 0-100% centrality class of PbPb collisions. The yields are scaled by the equivalent number of minimum bias events sampled and by TAA.
The b-jet yield as a function of pT is for the 0-10% centrality class of PbPb collisions. The yields are scaled by the equivalent number of minimum bias events sampled and by TAA.
The b-jet yield as a function of pT is for the 10-30% centrality class of PbPb collisions. The yields are scaled by the equivalent number of minimum bias events sampled and by TAA.
Hadronic event shapes have been measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV, with a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 inverse picobarns. Event-shape distributions, corrected for detector response, are compared with five models of QCD multijet production.
Distribution of the logarithm of the central transverse thrust for events with jet transverse momentum > 30 GeV, jet |pseudorapidity| < 1.3 and leading the jet transverse momentum from 90 to 125 GeV/c,.
Distribution of the logarithm of the central thrust minor for events with jet transverse momentum > 30 GeV, jet |pseudorapidity| < 1.3 and leading the jet transverse momentum from 90 to 125 GeV/c,.
Distribution of the logarithm of the central transverse thrust for events with jet transverse momentum > 30 GeV, jet |pseudorapidity| < 1.3 and leading the jet transverse momentum from 125 to 200 GeV/c,.
Characteristics of multi-particle production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{ch}$. The produced particles are separated into two classes: those belonging to jets and those belonging to the underlying event. Charged particles are measured with pseudorapidity |η|<2.4 and transverse momentum $p_T$ > 0.25 GeV/c. Jets are reconstructed from charged-particles only and required to have $p_T$ > 5 GeV/c. The distributions of jet $p_T$, average $p_T$ of charged particles belonging to the underlying event or to jets, jet rates, and jet shapes are presented as functions of $N_{ch}$ and compared to the predictions of the PYTHIA and HERWIG event generators. Predictions without multi-parton interactions fail completely to describe the $N_{ch}$-dependence observed in the data. For increasing $N_{ch}$, PYTHIA systematically predicts higher jet rates and harder $p_T$ spectra than seen in the data, whereas HERWIG shows the opposite trends. At the highest multiplicity, the data–model agreement is worse for most observables, indicating the need for further tuning and/or new model ingredients.
Mean $p_T$, all charged particles.
Mean $p_T$, UE charged particles.
Mean $p_T$, in-jet charged particles.
Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.
Isolated photon spectra for PB PB collisions in 3 centrality ranges.
Isolated photon spectra for PB PB collisions in the full centrality range.
Isolated photon spectra for P P collisions.
The measurement of the charge asymmetry in top quark pair events with highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks decaying to a single lepton and jets is presented. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The selection is optimized for top quarks produced with large Lorentz boosts, resulting in nonisolated leptons and overlapping jets. The top quark charge asymmetry is measured for events with a $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ invariant mass larger than 750 GeV and corrected for detector and acceptance effects using a binned maximum likelihood fit. The measured top quark charge asymmetry of (0.42 $_{-0.69}^{+0.64}$)% is in good agreement with the standard model prediction at next-to-next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamic perturbation theory with next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections. The result is also presented for two invariant mass ranges, 750-900 and $\gt$ 900 GeV.
Comparison between data and MC simulation for kinematic distributions based on events in the signal candidate sample for the distance between the lepton and the closest AK4 jet. The vertical bars on the points show the statistical uncertainty in the data. The shaded bands represent the total uncertainty in the MC predictions. The lower panels give the ratio of the data to the sum of the MC
Comparison between data and MC simulation for kinematic distributions based on events in the signal candidate sample for the number of AK4 jets. The vertical bars on the points show the statistical uncertainty in the data. The shaded bands represent the total uncertainty in the MC predictions. The lower panels give the ratio of the data to the sum of the MC
Comparison between data and MC simulation for kinematic distributions based on events in the signal candidate sample for the reconstruced mass of the top quark pairs. The vertical bars on the points show the statistical uncertainty in the data. The shaded bands represent the total uncertainty in the MC predictions. The lower panels give the ratio of the data to the sum of the MC
A measurement of the underlying activity in scattering processes with a hard scale in the several GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 7 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The production of charged particles with pseudorapidity |eta| < 2 and transverse momentum pT > 0.5 GeV/c is studied in the azimuthal region transverse to that of the leading set of charged particles forming a track-jet. A significant growth of the average multiplicity and scalar-pT sum of the particles in the transverse region is observed with increasing pT of the leading track-jet, followed by a much slower rise above a few GeV/c. For track-jet pT larger than a few GeV/c, the activity in the transverse region is approximately doubled with a centre-of-mass energy increase from 0.9 to 7 TeV. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in PYTHIA are compared to the data.
Fully corrected average charged particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity and per radian as a function of the leading track-jet transverse momentum for proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 0.9 TeV.
Fully corrected average charged particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity and per radian as a function of the leading track-jet transverse momentum for proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.
Ratio of the fully corrected charged particle multiplicity at 7 TeV to that at 0.9 TeV.
A measurement of the underlying activity in scattering processes with transverse momentum scale in the GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Charged hadron production is studied with reference to the direction of a leading object, either a charged particle or a set of charged particles forming a jet. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in PYTHIA are compared, after full detector simulation, to the data. The models generally predict too little production of charged hadrons with pseudorapidity eta < 2, p_T > 0.5 GeV/c, and azimuthal direction transverse to that of the leading object.
Average multiplicity of charged particles per unit of pseudorapidity as a function of pseudorapidity for events with leading track-jet transverse momenta > 1 and > 3 GeV. Statistical errors only.
Average scalar sum of the transverse momenta of charged particles per unit of pseusdorapidity and per radian as a function of DELTA(PHI) for events with leading track-jet transverse momenta > 1 and > 2 GeV. Statistical errors only. Typical systematic error of 1.8 PCT at a leading track-jet PT of 3.5 GeV.
The average multiplicity and average scalar sum of transverse momenta of charge particles per unit of pseudorapidity and per radian as a function of the leading track transverse momenta. Statistical errors only. Typical systematic error of 1.8 PCT at a leading track-jet PT of 3.5 GeV.
A measurement of the underlying event (UE) activity in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using Drell--Yan events in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The activity measured in the muonic final state (q q-bar to opposite-sign muons) is corrected to the particle level and compared with the predictions of various Monte Carlo generators and hadronization models. The dependence of the UE activity on the dimuon invariant mass is well described by PYTHIA and HERWIG++ tunes derived from the leading jet/track approach, illustrating the universality of the UE activity. The UE activity is observed to be independent of the dimuon invariant mass in the region above 40 GeV, while a slow increase is observed with increasing transverse momentum of the dimuon system. The dependence of the UE activity on the transverse momentum of the dimuon system is accurately described by MADGRAPH, which simulates multiple hard emissions.
Toward $N_\text{chg}$ density vs $p_\perp^{\mu\mu}$.
Transverse $N_\text{chg}$ density vs $p_\perp^{\mu\mu}$.
Away $N_\text{chg}$ density vs $p_\perp^{\mu\mu}$.
A search for new long-lived particles decaying to leptons is presented using proton-proton collisions produced by the LHC at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. Data used for the analysis were collected by the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. Events are selected with an electron and a muon that have transverse impact parameter values between 0.02 cm and 2 cm. The search has been designed to be sensitive to a wide range of models with nonprompt e-mu final states. Limits are set on the "displaced supersymmetry" model, with pair production of top squarks decaying into an e-mu final state via R-parity-violating interactions. The results are the most restrictive to date on this model, with the most stringent limit being obtained for a top squark lifetime corresponding to c tau = 2 cm, excluding masses below 790 GeV at 95% confidence level.
Electron transverse impact parameter distribution for data and expected background processes after the preselection requirements have been applied. The event yields per bin have been rescaled to account for the varying bin sizes. The rightmost bin contains the overflow entries.
Muon transverse impact parameter distribution for data and expected background processes after the preselection requirements have been applied. The event yields per bin have been rescaled to account for the varying bin sizes. The rightmost contains the overflow entries.
Numbers of expected and observed events in the three search regions (see the text for the definitions of these regions). Background and signal expectations are quoted as $N_{\text{exp}} \pm 1\sigma$ stat $\pm 1\sigma$ syst. If the estimated background is zero in a particular search region, the estimate is instead taken from the preceding region. Since this should always overestimate the background, we denote this by a preceding "<".
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