We have measured direct photon production in pp collisions at the CERN intersecting storage rings for c.m. energies 31 < √ s < 63 GeV and transverse momenta up to 9GeV/ c , using segmented lead/liquid-argon calorimeters. The ratio of direct photon to π 0 production is significantly larger than zero, starting at p T ≈ 4 GeV/ c and increasing to values of about 0.4 at 9GeV/ c . No significant √s dependence is seen.
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Single photon production in pp collisions at 30 < √ s < 62 GeV has been measured with liquid-argon-lead calorimeters at the CERN ISR. This process remains approximately constant with increasing √ s . For fixed √ s , the single photon to π 0 ratio increases strongly with increase in p T . The γ π 0 ratio is about 0.2 for p T above 4.5 GeV/c.
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We report the results of an experiment made at the CERN ISR to investigate the possible diret production of single photons in pp collisions at √ s = 53.2 GeV at 90° and in the p t interval 2.3 to 5.7 GeV/ c . The value of the ratio R = n γ / n π 0 is compatible with zero for low p t ⪅ 3 GeV/ c but, in spite of the large error, shows a trend to increase for larger p t .
THIS USES THE SO-CALLED D2L TRIGGER (SEE PAPER).
THIS USES THE SO-CALLED D2MAX TRIGGER (SEE PAPER).
THIS USES THE SO-CALLED D2MAX TRIGGER (SEE PAPER).
We present data obtained at the ISR, on the determination of the ratio R = γ π 0 at s = 30.6 GeV and we compare the results with our previous measurement at s = 53.2 GeV. The ratio R = γ π 0 integrated over the interval 0.1 ⩽ χ T ⩽ 0.2 is (1.6 ± 0.5) × 10 −2 and we obtain an indication of a universal χ T dependence.
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We have searched for direct photons of low PT (≤1.0 GeV/c) at θc.m.=90° in pp collisions at √s =63 GeV. We used two independent methods: direct detection in NaI crystals and conversion to e+e− pairs. No signal is observed; the photon spectrum is well described by the decay of hadrons. The result is consistent with a direct low-PT photon signal reported at √s =12 GeV, but excludes a rapid growth of soft-photon production with √s .
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The single spin asymmetry for inclusive direct-photon production has been measured using a polarized proton beam of 200 GeV/c with an unpolarized proton target at −0.15 < xf < 0.15 and 2.5 < pt < 3.1 GeV/c at Fermilab. The data on the cross section for pp → γX at 2.5 < pt < 3.8 GeV/c are also provided. The measurement was done using lead-glass calorimeters and photon detectors which surrounded the fiducial area of the calorimeters. Background rejection has been done using these surrounding photon detectors. The cross section obtained is consistent with the results of previous measurements assuming a nuclear dependence of A 1.0 . The single spin asymmetry, A N , for the direct-photon production is consistent with zero within experimental uncertainty.
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We report on an experiment in which the SLAC 40-in. hybrid facility was exposed to an 8.8-GeV/c antiproton beam. Using external detectors we have identified a large fraction of nonannihilation events and thus obtained a clean sample of annihilation data. Using proton interactions taken in the same detector at the same energy we have made a detailed study of (p¯p−pp) differences and explored their relationship to p¯p annihilations.
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Measurements of the production of high transverse momentum direct photons by a 515 GeV/c piminus beam and 530 and 800 GeV/c proton beams in interactions with beryllium and hydrogen targets are presented. The data span the kinematic ranges of 3.5 < p_T < 12 GeV/c in transverse momentum and 1.5 units in rapidity. The inclusive direct-photon cross sections are compared with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations and expectations based on a phenomenological parton-k_T model.
Invariant cross sections per nucleon for P BE collisions at 800 GeV.
Invariant cross sections per nucleon for P BE collisions at 530 GeV.
Invariant cross sections per nucleon for PI- BE collisions at 515 GeV.
Inclusive direct photon invariant cross sections have been measured in both p p and pp collisions at √ s = 24.3 GeV at the CERN SPS, permitting the first measurement of the difference of the p p and pp cross sections. The direct photon cross section in p p collisions has been found to be systematically larger than that in pp collisions, which indicates a significant contribution of the q q annihilation term as predicted by theoretical calculations.
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Direct photon production cross sections obtained in high statistics p ̄ p and pp collisions at s =24.3 GeV at the CERN SPS are used in a next-to-leading order QCD analysis. From the cross section difference σ( p ̄ p → γX)−σ(pp → γX) and quark distributions measured in deep inelastic scattering, a determination of the strong coupling constant, α s , is performed via a measurement of Λ (4) MS . This measurement yields a value Λ (4) MS = 210±22 ( stat. )±44 ( syst. ) +105 −36 ( theo. ) MeV. The corresponding value of α s expressed at M 2 Z is α s (M 2 Z )=0.1112 ±0.0016 ( stat. ) ±0.0033 ( syst. ) +0.0077 −0.0034 ( theo. ) .
Value of LAMBDA(MSBAR) and ALPHAS at MZ**2 deduced from the difference in the pbar and p direct photon cross sections. The second systematic error is due to the uncertainties in the theory.
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