The pseudorapidity density of charged particles, $\rm{d}\it{N}_\rm{ch}/\rm{d}\it{\eta}$, in p-Pb collisions has been measured at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV at mid-pseudorapidity for non-single-diffractive events. The results cover 3.6 units of pseudorapidity, $|\eta|<1.8$. The $\rm{d}\it{N}_\rm{ch}/\rm{d}\it{\eta}$ value is $19.1\pm0.7$ at $|\eta|<0.5$. This quantity divided by $\langle N_\rm{part} \rangle/2$, is $4.73\pm0.20$, which is 9.5% higher than the corresponding value for p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Measurements are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production. All models agree within uncertainties with data in the Pb-going side, while HIJING overestimates, showing a symmetric behaviour, and EPOS underestimates the p-going side of the $\rm{d}\it{N}_\rm{ch}/\rm{d}\it{\eta}$ distribution. Saturation-based models reproduce the distributions well for $\eta>-1.3$. The $\rm{d}\it{N}_\rm{ch}/\rm{d}\it{\eta}$ is also measured for different centrality estimators, based both on the charged-particle multiplicity and on the energy deposited in the Zero-Degree Calorimeters. A study of the implications of the large multiplicity fluctuations due to the small number of participants for systems like p-Pb in the centrality calculation for multiplicity-based estimators is discussed, demonstrating the advantages of determining the centrality with energy deposited near beam rapidity.
Pseudorapidity density of charged particles in p–Pb NSD collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV.
Values of average pseudorapidity density of charged particles in p–Pb NSD collisions as a function of the energy in the centre-of-mass.
Pseudorapidity density of charged particles in p–Pb NSD collisions at 8.16 TeV for 0-5% centrality class and CL1 estimator.
Data on multiplicities of charged particles produced in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon are presented. It is shown that the mean multiplicity of negative particles is proportional to the mean number of nucleons participating in the collision both for nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions. The apparent consistency of pion multiplicity data with the assumption of an incoherent superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions is critically discussed.
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The inclusive production ofK*±(890), ρρ(770), ω0(780) andf0(1,270) mesons is studied in\(\bar pp\) experiment at 32GeV/c in the MIRABELLE bubble chamber by the analysis of (K0π±) and (π+π−) invariant mass distributions. The inclusive cross sections are σ(K*±)=2.45±0.30 mb, σ(ρ0)=8.8 ±0.9 mb, σ(ω+)≃6.2 mb, and σ(f0)=2.2±0.7 mb. The C.M. longitudinal distribution of theK*±(890) is slightly shifted to the primary particles fragmentation regions; the ρ0 is produced more centrally. The studied mesons alone are responsible for 40% of final state poins. The production features of various resonances are compared with quark models predictions.
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Total and semi-inclusive cross sections, longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions and spin density matrix elements of theK*+(892) andK*0(892) produced in the inclusive reactionsK+p→K*+(892)+X andK+p→K*0(892)+X at 32 GeV/c are studied in detail. The inclusive spectra of theK*(892) and their decay products are compared with pion and neutral kaon production. TheK*+(892) andK*+(892) are dominantly produced by kaon fragmentation processes. The dependence of average transverse momentum <pT> vs.x for resonances has been investigated for the first time.
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Results are presented on the inclusive production of π± mesons and protons in\(\bar p\)p interactions at an incident antiproton momentum of 32 GeV/c in the MIRABELLE bubble chamber, based on a sample of 55,000 inelastic events. The spectra of π+(π−) andp(\(\bar p\)) are separated in the whole kinematically admitted region of phase space by a statistical method. The semi-inclusive and inclusive cross sections and the main average characteristics of π andp production are calculated. The invariant differential cross sections are studied as functions of the Fevnman scaling variablex, the rapidity and the transverse momentum. Thex distribution of π± mesons in the proton fragmentation region does not show any significant contribution from quark exchange or annihilation processes. A possible contribution of hard quark scattering on mesons or baryons is observed for large transverse momenta.
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The inclusive π0 and γ production is studied in a\(\bar PP\) experiment at 32.1 GeV/c performed in the Mirabelle bubble chamber with a sensitivity of ∼2.7 events/μb. Total and topological π0 cross sections are presented. The π0 and γ longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions are obtained and compared with\(\bar PP\) data at 22.4 GeV/c andK ± P data at 32.1 GeV/c. The inclusive π0 distributions are also compared to those obtained for charged pions in the same experiment.
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Phi meson production is studied by the NA49 collaboration in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A and 158A GeV beam energy. The data are compared to measurements at lower and higher energies and to microscopic and thermal models. The energy dependence of yields and spectral distributions is compatible with the assumption that partonic degrees of freedom set in at low SPS energies.
PHI transverse momentum spectra at incident energy 20 GeV/nucleon integrated over the rapidity range 0 to 1.8.
PHI transverse momentum spectra at incident energy 30 GeV/nucleon integrated over the rapidity range 0 to 1.8.
PHI transverse momentum spectra at incident energy 40 GeV/nucleon integrated over the rapidity range 0 to 1.5.
Results on charged pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A and 30A GeV are presented and compared to data at lower and higher energies. A rapid change of the energy dependence is observed around 30A GeV for the yields of pions and kaons as well as for the shape of the transverse mass spectra. The change is compatible with the prediction that the threshold for production of a state of deconfined matter at the early stage of the collisions is located at low SPS energies.
Transverse mass spectra for pion production in the central rapidity region for collisions at 20 GeV per nucleon.
Transverse mass spectra for pion production in the central rapidity region for collisions at 30 GeV per nucleon.
Transverse mass spectra for kaon production in the central rapidity region for collisions at 20 GeV per nucleon.
A study of strange particle production in muon neutrino charged current interactions has been performed using the data from the NOMAD experiment. Yields of neutral strange particles K0s, Lambda, AntiLambda have been measured. Mean multiplicities are reported as a function of the event kinematic variables Enu, W2 and Q2 as well as of the variables describing particle behaviour within a hadronic jet: xF, z and pT2. Decays of resonances and heavy hyperons with identified K0s and Lambda in the final state have been analyzed. Clear signals corresponding to K*+-, Sigma*+-, Xi- and Sigma0 have been observed.
Measured yields of the neutral strange particles measured in this analysis.The second line (marked *) is a recalculation taking into account contributions from both primary and secondary V0. The values for K0 are the K0S rates multipl ied by 2.
Measured yields as a function of E, the neutrino energy.
Measured yields as a function of W**2.
Measurements of the individual multiplicities of pi+, pi- and pi0 produced in the deep-inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV positrons on hydrogen are presented. The average charged pion multiplicity is the same as for neutral pions, up to approximately z= 0.7, where z is the fraction of the energy transferred in the scattering process carried by the pion. This result (below z= 0.7) is consistent with isospin invariance. The total energy fraction associated with charged and neutral pions is 0.51 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.08 (syst.) and 0.26 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.04 (syst.), respectively. For fixed z, the measured multiplicities depend on both the negative squared four momentum transfer Q^2 and the Bjorken variable x. The observed dependence on Q^2 agrees qualitatively with the expected behaviour based on NLO-QCD evolution, while the dependence on x is consistent with that of previous data after corrections have been made for the expected Q^2-dependence.
The measured PI0 multiplicity. Additional 9 PCT systematic error.
The measured multiplicity for charged pions, individually and the average. Additional 7 PCT systematic error.
The charged pion multiplicity as a function of x for four different z regions.
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