The differential cross sections for the photoproduction reactions γ+p→π++n, γ+p→K++Λ0, and γ+p→K++Σ0 have ben measured for incident laboratory photon energies between 3.4 and 4.0 GeV and for meson center-of-mass angles from about 25° to 45°. The reactions were studied by observing only the charged mesons. The momenta, velocities, and angles of the mesons were measured with a magnetic spectrometer, and the equivalent of nearly monochromatic gamma rays was obtained by performing bremsstrahlung subtractions. The cross sections agree with the inequality predicted from unbroken SU(3). The measured behavior of dσdt as a function of t shows similarities to that observed in studies of mesonnucleon scattering.
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The interactions of 775 MeV (kinetic energy) π−-mesons in a hydrogen bubble chamber have been studied. Total and partial crosssections have been determined with the following results: σ (total) = (39.0±1.6) mb, σ (elastic)=(14.8±0.7) mb, σ (π− + p → all neutrals) = (9.0 ± 0.5) mb, σ (π− + p = π− + π+ + n) = (9.8 ± 0.5) mb, and σ (π− + p = π− + p + π0) = (4.8 ± 0.3) mb. The elastic-scattering angular distribution has been fitted with a Legendre polynomial series terminated at the fifth order. Various angular and effective-mass distributions of single-π production are presented and discussed in terms of the Olsson-Yodh and O.P.E. models.
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Total cross sections of π+ and π− mesons on protons and deuterons have been measured in a transmission experiment to relative accuracies of ±0.2% over the laboratory momentum range 0.46-2.67 GeV/c. The systematic error is estimated to be about ±0.5% over most of the range, increasing to about ±2% near both ends. Data have been obtained at momentum intervals of 25-50 MeV/c with a momentum resolution of ±0.6%. No new structure is observed in the π±p total cross sections, but results differ in several details from previous experiments. From 1-2 GeV/c, where systematic erros are the smallest, the total cross section of π− mesons on deuterons is found to be consistently higher than that of π+ mesons by (1.3±0.3)%; about half of this difference may be understood in terms of Coulomb-barrier effects. The πd and πN total cross sections are used to check the validity of the Glauber theory. Substantial disagreements (up to 2 mb) are observed, and the conclusion is drawn that the Glauber theory is inadequate in this momentum range.
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Measurements have been made of the inclusive scattering of 96, 147, and 219 GeV muons from hydrogen, and of 147 GeV muons from deuterium. Results are presented for the nucleon structure function F2(x,Q2) [≡νW2(x,Q2)] for 10<ν<200 GeV and 0.2<Q2<80 GeV2. The value of F2 rises with Q2 at small x, and falls with Q2 at large x, in agreement with the ideas of quantum chromodynamics. An average value of the ratio σLσT≡R=0.52±0.35 has been obtained for the region 0.003<x<0.10 and 0.4<Q2<30 GeV2. The values of F2 from this experiment have been combined with those from other charged-lepton scattering experiments to determine moments of the structure functions. The variation with Q2 of these moments is used to derive values for Λ, taking into account corrections up to second order in αs. The fit to the data is very good.
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We have measured the single-particle inclusive cross sections for p+p→π±+X, K±+X, p+X, p¯+X in the low-p⊥ region (≲ 1.5 GeV/c) as a function of the radial scaling variable XR in p−p collisions at 100, 200, and 400 GeV at Fermilab. The measured π+π− and K+K− ratios are shown to be remarkably similar to the same ratios which have recently been measured at large p⊥ at 90° in the center-of-mass system.
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We report measurements of semi-inclusive pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets carried out at the Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory at Cornell University. Measurements were made at the (W, Q2) points (2.15 GeV, 1.2 GeV2), (2.15, 4.0), and (3.11, 1.2) with hydrogen and deuterium, and at (2.15, 2.0), (2.67, 3.3), and (3.11, 1.7) with hydrogen only. The invariant virtual-photoproduction cross section for pions scaled by the total cross section is studied as a function of x′, pT2, W, and Q2. The invariant structure function shows no Q2 dependence and a weak W dependence. The ratio of π+ to π− production is also presented, but a distinction between a universal ω or W dependence cannot be made.
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Results are presented from an experiment with a large acceptance spectrometer that measured the production cross section of high mass muon pairs from the collision of 225 GeV/c hadron beams with a nuclear target including, for the first time, measurements using positive and negative pion beams. Various features of the data, such as the helicity anqle of the muon pairs and the ratio of the cross sections for positive and negative pions provide conclusive evidence for the quark-antiquark annihilation model for the production of muon pairs. This model is then used to determine the momentum distribution for valence quarks in pion. our best fit to the distribution,$\bar{\mu} (x) = (.73 \pm .11) x^{-1/2} [1-x] ^{(1.28 \pm .15)}$ , shows that the pion's structure! is clearly different from the proton's structure.
DATA ON (E/2*PI*PMAX(RF=CM))*D2(SIG)/D(XL)/D(PT)/PT WHERE THE CENTER OF MASS DEFINITION OF THE XL ASSUMED THAT THE TARGET WAS A SINGLE NUCLEON OF MASS 0.938 GEV. Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////SYSTEMATIC ERRORS NOT GIVENFERMI//COULOMBRES-DEF(RES=J/PSI,BACK=UNCORRECTED,DEF=2.7 < M(MU+ MU-) IN GEV < 3.5)).
DATA ON (E/2*PI*PMAX(RF=CM))*D2(SIG)/D(XL)/D(PT)/PT WHERE THE CENTER OF MASS DEFINITION OF THE XL ASSUMED THAT THE TARGET WAS A SINGLE NUCLEON OF MASS 0.938 GEV. Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////SYSTEMATIC ERRORS NOT GIVENFERMI//COULOMBRES-DEF(RES=J/PSI,BACK=UNCORRECTED,DEF=2.7 < M(MU+ MU-) IN GEV < 3.5)).
DATA ON (E/2*PI*PMAX(RF=CM))*D2(SIG)/D(XL)/D(PT)/PT WHERE THE CENTER OF MASS DEFINITION OF THE XL ASSUMED THAT THE TARGET WAS A SINGLE NUCLEON OF MASS 0.938 GEV. Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////SYSTEMATIC ERRORS NOT GIVENFERMI//COULOMBRES-DEF(RES=J/PSI,BACK=UNCORRECTED,DEF=2.7 < M(MU+ MU-) IN GEV < 3.5)).
Using the internal beam of DESY elastic electron-proton cross-sections were measured at various angles between 32° and 130°, and with momentum transfers ofq 2=39, 60, 80 and 110 fm−2. Two single-quadrupole spectrometers, movable around a common liquid-hydrogen target, were used for analysing the momentum of the scattered electrons. Čerenkov and shower counters discriminated against pion and low-energy background. As a cross-section reference, recoil protons from elastic scattering atq 2=10 fm−2 were used, with a quantameter serving as an intermediate monitor. The data are consistent with the Rosenbluth formula, giving real form factorsG E andG M . Both continue to decrease with increasing momentum transfer, but somewhat faster than indicated by measurements performed so far.
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We have performed an experiment to study the reaction π−+p→η+n near threshold, preliminary to a forthcoming measurement of charge asymmetry in η-meson decay. The η was identified by the velocity of the associated neutron. We detected neutrons produced in the forward hemisphere in the center-of-mass system corresponding to the most energetic neutrons in the laboratory. Data were taken at π− momenta between 670 and 805 MeVc. The four neutron detectors made it possible to detect neutrons at angles of 0° to 21° from the incident pion beam. We present backward differential cross sections for both pion charge exchange and η production calculated from the data. We looked for η′ at pion momenta of 1.5 BeVc and observed none. We obtained σ(π−p→nη′)≤60 μb.
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Results of two studies of small angle elastic scattering are presented. The first experiment measured hadron-nucleus elastic scattering at 70, 125, 175 GeV/c incident momentum. The second experiment is a high statistics study of hadron-proton elastic scattering at 200 GeV/c incident momentum. Hadron-nucleus elastic scattering was measured for $\mu^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ scatterinq from Be, C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets at .incident beam momenta of 70 and 175 GeV/c and for $\mu^+$, $K^+$, and $p$ scattering from Be, Al, and Pb targets at an incident beam momentum of 125 GeV/c. In all cases the minimum -t is 0.001 $(GeV/c)^2$ ; the maximum -t is 0.07, 0.16. 0.30 ($GeV/c)^2$ for incident beam momenta of 70, 125, 175 GeV/c respectively. Parameterizations of the differential cross section, $d\sigma/dt$, in the forward direction are presented....
X ERROR D(P)/P = 0.1000 PCT.
X ERROR D(P)/P = 0.1000 PCT.
X ERROR D(P)/P = 0.1000 PCT.
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Total and differential elastic cross-section data are presented at eight incident π+ momenta: 1.28, 1.34, 1.40, 1.43, 1.55, 1.68, 1.77, and 1.84 GeVc. These data were obtained from a hydrogen-bubble-chamber exposure at the Bevatron, and contain more than 65 000 events. This represents more than 1½ times the world's data hitherto available in this energy region.
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Inclusive charged-current interactions of high-energy neutrinos and antineutrinos have been studied with high statistics in a counter experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The energy dependence of the total cross-sections, the longitudinal structure function, and the nucleon structure functionsF2,xF3, and\(\bar q^{\bar v} \) are determined from these data. The analysis of theQ2-dependence of the structure functions is used to test quantum chromodynamics, to determine the scale parameter Λ and the gluon distribution in the nucleon.
ABSOLUTE FLUXES HAVE NOT BEEN MEASURED. NORMALISED TO OLD RESULTS.
STUCTURE FUNCTIONS ARE EVALUATED ASSUMING R=SIG(L)/SIG(T)=0.1 AND M(W) IS INFINITE. NO CORRECTION FOR FERMI MOTION APPLIED. ERRORS ARE STATISTICAL AND SYSTEMATIC POINT-TO-POINT ERRORS. IN ADDITION OVER-ALL SCALE ERROR OF 6 PCT. FOR F2 , 8 PCT. FOR XF3.
STUCTURE FUNCTIONS ARE EVALUATED ASSUMING R=SIG(L)/SIG(T)=0.1 AND M(W) IS INFINITE. NO CORRECTION FOR FERMI MOTION APPLIED. ERRORS ARE STATISTICAL AND SYSTEMATIC POINT-TO-POINT ERRORS. IN ADDITION OVER-ALL SCALE ERROR OF 6 PCT. FOR F2 , 8 PCT. FOR XF3.
Significant two-particle correlations of dynamical origin are observed in 200 GeV/c π−p inclusive interactions. This is demonstrated by comparison with kinematic correlations calculated from an independent-particle-emission model. Two distinct correlation types are observed: (a) unlike-particle correlations with correlation length ∼ 1.3 rapidity units independent of azimuthal separation, and (b) like-particle correlations with correlation length ∼ 0.4 rapidity units which are observed only for small azimuthal separations.
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