Report on the investigation of interactions in π−p collisions at a pion momentum of 1.59 GeV/c, by means of the 50 cm Saclay liquid hydrogen bubble chamber, operating in a magnetic field of 17.5 kG. The results obtained concern essentially the elastic scattering and the inelastic scattering accompanied by the production of either a single pion in π−p→ pπ−π0 and nπ−π+ interactions, or by more than one pion in four-prong events. The observed angular distribution for the elastic scattering in the diffraction region, can be approximated by an exponential law. From the extrapolated value, thus obtained for the forward scattering, one gets σel= (9.65±0.30) mb. Effective mass spectra of π−π0 and π−π+ dipions are given in case of one-pion production. Each of them exhibits the corresponding ρ− or ρ0 resonances in the region of ∼ 29μ2 (μ = mass of the charged pion). The ρ peaks are particularly conspicuous for low momentum transfer (Δ2) events. The ρ0 distribution presents a secondary peak at ∼31μ2 due probably to the ω0 → π−π+ process. The branching ratio (ω0→ π+π−)/(ω0→ π+π− 0) is estimated to be ∼ 7%. The results are fairly well interpreted in the frame of the peripheral interaction according to the one-pion exchange (OPE) model, Up to values of Δ2/μ2∼10. In particular, the ratio ρ−/ρ0 is of the order of 0.5, as predicted by this model. Furthermore, the distribution of the Treiman-Yang angle is compatible with an isotropic one inside the ρ. peak. The distribution of\(\sigma _{\pi ^ + \pi ^ - } \), as calculated by the use of the Chew-Low formula assumed to be valid in the physical region of Δ2, gives a maximum which is appreciably lower than the value of\(12\pi \tilde \lambda ^2 = 120 mb\) expected for a resonant elastic ππ scattering in a J=1 state at the peak of the ρ. However, a correcting factor to the Chew-Low formula, introduced by Selleri, gives a fairly good agreement with the expected value. Another distribution, namely the Δ2 distribution, at least for Δ2 < 10 μ2, agrees quite well with the peripheral character of the interaction involving the ρ resonance. π− angular distributions in the rest frame of the ρ exhibit a different behaviour for the ρ− and for the ρ0. Whereas the first one is symmetrical, as was already reported in a previous paper, the latter shows a clear forward π− asymmetry. The main features of the four-prong results are: 1) the occurrence of the 3/2 3/2 (ρπ+) isobar in π−p → pπ+π−π− events and 2) the possible production of the ω0→ π+π−π0 resonance in π−p→ pπ−π+π−π0 events. No ρ’s were observed in four-prong events.
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Differential cross sections for the reaction π−p→π0n were measured at nine incident-pion kinetic energies in the interval from 500 to 1300 MeV. The negative pion beam from the bevatron was focused on a liquidhydrogen target completely surrounded by a cubic array of six steel-plate spark chambers. The spark chambers were triggered on events with neutral final states. Charge-exchange events were identified from the one-shower and two-shower events in the spark-chamber pictures. By the Monte Carlo technique, the π0 distributions were calculated from the bisector distributions of the two-shower π0 events together with the observed γ-ray distributions of the one-shower π0 events. These π0 distributions were fitted with both Legendre-polynomial expansions and power-series expansions by the method of least squares. The extrapolated forward differential cross sections are in good agreement with the dispersion calculations. The Legendre coefficients for the differential cross sections in isospin state T=12 were obtained by combining our results with available data on π±p elastic scattering. In the light of existing phase-shift solutions, the behavior of these coefficients is discussed. The D5F5 interference term that peaks near 900 MeV is verified to be in isospin state T=12 only. We report here also the total neutral cross sections and the cross sections for the production of neutral multipion final states 2π0n and 3π0n. The 4π solid angle and the calibrated energy response of the spark chambers contribute to the accuracy of the results.
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We present high-statistics results on the reactions a+p→c+X where a and c can be any of π±, K±, p, or p¯. The data were taken at 100 and 175 GeV/c incident momenta using the Fermilab Single-Arm Spectrometer operated over the kinematic range 0.2<x<1.0 and pt<~1.0 GeV/c. Investigating the x dependence of the data, we find agreement with a quark-parton picture, namely the cross sections have a power-law behavior in 1−x independent of pbeam and pt.
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We have studied neutral final states produced in π−p collisions at momenta of 1.71, 1.89, 2.07, 2.27, and 2.46 GeVc, by observing the γ rays emitted. In particular, measurements are presented of (i) π−p→π0n, for which the Regge-pole fit at momenta ≥5.9 GeVc also agrees rather well here; (ii) π−p→η0n, for which the Regge model which fits at higher energies does not agree here; (iii) π−p→π0γn, in which there is some evidence for a diffraction dissociation process as well as ω0-meson production; (iv) π−p→π0π0n, which is dominated by production of N*0(1236)π0 and by peripheral production of pion pairs. In (iv), the former process is found to fit with the same Reggeized ρ-meson exchange model as charge-exchange scattering, while the latter gives indication of the s-wave ππ interaction. An account is given of new techniques, particularly in the data analysis, which were developed in the course of this work.
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Results are given on the inclusive production of charged pions, kaons, and nucleons, in proton-proton collisions at c.m. energies from √ s = 23 to 63 GeV at large angles and for the transverse momentum range 0.1 < p T < 4.8 GeV/ c . The dependence of the production spectra on the collision energy √ s , the transverse momentum p T , and the longitudinal rapidity is discussed.
Axis error includes +- 15.0/15.0 contribution (NORMALIZATION ERROR - THE LARGEST SYSTEMATICS).
Axis error includes +- 15.0/15.0 contribution (NORMALIZATION ERROR - THE LARGEST SYSTEMATICS).
Axis error includes +- 15.0/15.0 contribution (NORMALIZATION ERROR - THE LARGEST SYSTEMATICS).
Inclusive charged-current interactions of high-energy neutrinos and antineutrinos have been studied with high statistics in a counter experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The energy dependence of the total cross-sections, the longitudinal structure function, and the nucleon structure functionsF2,xF3, and\(\bar q^{\bar v} \) are determined from these data. The analysis of theQ2-dependence of the structure functions is used to test quantum chromodynamics, to determine the scale parameter Λ and the gluon distribution in the nucleon.
ABSOLUTE FLUXES HAVE NOT BEEN MEASURED. NORMALISED TO OLD RESULTS.
STUCTURE FUNCTIONS ARE EVALUATED ASSUMING R=SIG(L)/SIG(T)=0.1 AND M(W) IS INFINITE. NO CORRECTION FOR FERMI MOTION APPLIED. ERRORS ARE STATISTICAL AND SYSTEMATIC POINT-TO-POINT ERRORS. IN ADDITION OVER-ALL SCALE ERROR OF 6 PCT. FOR F2 , 8 PCT. FOR XF3.
STUCTURE FUNCTIONS ARE EVALUATED ASSUMING R=SIG(L)/SIG(T)=0.1 AND M(W) IS INFINITE. NO CORRECTION FOR FERMI MOTION APPLIED. ERRORS ARE STATISTICAL AND SYSTEMATIC POINT-TO-POINT ERRORS. IN ADDITION OVER-ALL SCALE ERROR OF 6 PCT. FOR F2 , 8 PCT. FOR XF3.
We have measured the absolute cross sections of the electron-deuteron scattering at q2=3.5 F−2 and obtained the complete inelastic spectrum. Three points for each spectrum are given with a 4% accuracy. The scattering angles, 60° and 130°, were chosen to allow the separation between electric and magnetic scattering. Calculations of radiative corrections were made in order to permit the comparison of the spectra with the inelastic-scattering theories.
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An extensive investigation of antiproton-proton interactions at 5.7 GeV/c without strange-particle production was carried out using a hydrogen bubble chamber. Cross-sections for different channels are given and discussed. The reliability of the analysis was checked using artificially generated events. The cross-sections for elastic scattering, for all processes involving annihilation, and for all other inelastic processes are respectively σel=(16.3±0.6)mb,σannlbil=(22.5±2.0)mb, σinel=(24.8±2.0)mb. TheN * 1:38 is present both in the single and multiple pion production channels. For the reaction MediaObjects/11539_2007_Article_BF02720569_f1.jpg a cross-section of (1.05±0.21) mb was obtained. Cross-sections forN * 1238 production in other channels are also given. Some indication of the presence ofI=1/2 isobars was found in the nucleon-pion and the nucleon-two-pion systems. The inelastic nonannihilation reactions were found to be strongly peripheral. The one-pion exchange model including either a form factor or corrections for absorption was applied to the reaction MediaObjects/11539_2007_Article_BF02720569_f2.jpg . Neither version of the model could correctly account for all features of the reaction. The average number of pions in the annihilation was found to be 7.3±0.6. The presence of an asymmetry in the angular distribution of the charged pions was confirmed at this energy; it is due mostly to high-energy pions. The production of ρ and ω mesons was observed in various annihilation channels. Rates of up to 80% for ρ production and up to 15% for ω production were obtained by fitting phase-space and Breit-Wigner curves to the effective-mass distributions of different channels.
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Approximately 60 000 events have been collected in a spark chamber experiment at the CERN Proton Synchrotron which studied elastic diffraction scattering of π--p and p-p at incident momenta of 8.5, 12.4 and 18.4 GeV/c and of π+-p at 8.5 and 12.4 GeV/c. Magnetic analysis of the incoming and diffraction scattered particle, together with measurement of all angles, permitted each event to be determined as elastic subject to three constraints, so that the inelastic background was rejected with. high efficiency, even at the larger momentum, transfers. Much of the data have been processed by the CERN Automatic Flying-Spot DigitizerHPD. A detailed description of the experimental technique and of the methods of analysis is given. The results, together with data from lower energies, confirm the remarkable energy-independence of the shape of the pion-proton diffraction scattering peak up to |t| = 1.5 (GeV/c)2, wheret is the square of the four-momentum transfer, over a range of pion energies from 2 to 18 GeV. Proton-proton scattering does however appear to show a shrinking diffraction peak. In general, the data agree with other experiments using both counter and bubble chamber techniques, but some differences do appear. During the experiment, data were taken which set an upper limit of 2·102 μb/(GeV/c)2 on the differential elastic cross-section dσ/dt over a range of |t| from 20.9 to 23.4 (GeV/c)2 at 13.4 GeV/c incident pion momentum.
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Inclusive cross sections and longitudinal momentum distributions are presented for γ rays produced in K − p and K + p interactions at 32 GeV/c in the 4.5 m Mirabelle hydrogen bubble chamber at the Serpukhov accelerator. The average longitudinal and transverse momentum of neutral pions and the average π 0 multiplicity ▪ 〈 n π 0〉 are estimated. It is found that 〈 n π 0〉 is an increasing function of the number of charged prongs.
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Inclusive production of Σ + , Σ − and Σ 0 hyperons in K − p interactions at 14.3 GeV/ c has been studied and compared to Λ production. Cross sections are presented as a function of longitudinal and transverse momenta and compared to the pp → Σ + + anything data.
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The reactions p p → K ∗ (890) X , p p →Σ ± (1385) X and p p → S ∗ (993) X at 12 GeV/ c incident momentum have been studied using 19 000 events with a visible V 0 decay in BEBC. Inclusive production cross sections of these resonances as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are presented. The contribution of annihilation to the production of the K ∗ (890) is investigated from a comparison with the corresponding pp data.
COMBINDED K*+ AND K*- DATA IN THIS TABLE.
COMBINDED K*+ AND K*- DATA IN THIS TABLE.
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A strong negative transverse polarization P z is found for forward produced lambdas observed in 10 and 16 GeV/ c K − p interactions. This indicates that exchanges of natural spin-parity are dominant in the production process. Using the polarization results, the d σ d u′ distributions for natural and unnatural spin-parity exchanges are derived. For unnatural exchanges, a dip is observed at u ′≅0.3 GeV 2 , which can be explained as a nonsense-wrong-signature zero of the N β trajectory. The value of P z for forward producted lambdas is constant with energy. This is in agreement with the triple-Regge model prediction, as is the fact that P z is constant as a function of M 2 s . The two non-transverse polarization components, P x and P y , have been measured and are found to be consistent with zero for all x values, unlike P z .
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The inclusive reactions pn → p s + x and π + n → p s + x at incident momentum of 195 GeV/ c have been studied in an exposure of the Fermilab 30 inch deuterium filled bubble chamber to a mixed ( π + , p) beam. Analysing the t and M 2 dependence of our data within the framework of triple-Regge models we conclude that pion exchange yields a dominating contribution. Comparing our data with the pp results we conclude that isoscalar Regge exchange, ω, is much larger than isovector, ϱ, Regge exchange. We observe significant leading π − emission from the recoiling mass x, comparable to that observed in on-mass-shell π − p → π − experiments. This verifies our conclusions about pion-exchange dominance in the above reactions.
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We present results for the differential cross sections of neutrinos and antineutrinos on nucleons in the energy range E = 2−200 GeV, from the BEBC and Gargamelle experiments. The structure functions F 2 , 2 χF 1 and χF 3 have been evaluated as a function of χ and q 2 . Deviations are observed from Bjorken scaling, which are very similar to those found in electron and muon inelastic scattering. For the Callan-Gross ratio, we find 2χF 1 F 2 = 0.80 ± 0.12 and the corresponding value for 〈R〉 = 〈 σ S σ T 〉 = 0.15 ± 0.10 . Our results are consistent with the Gross-Llewellyn-Smith sum rule; we measure ⩾2.5 ± 0.5 valence quarks per nucleon. Quark and antiquark distributions are given. The Nachtmann moments of F 2 and χF 3 are quantitatively consistent with the predictions from QCD. The value of the strong interaction parameter is λ = 0.74 ± 0.05 GeV without corrections, and 0.66 ± 0.05 GeV including α S 2 corrections. The moments of the gluon distribution are found to be positive and indicate an χ distribution of gluons which is comparable with that of the valence quarks.
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New results on inclusive lambda polarization in K − p interactions at 14.3 GeV/ c are presented. At the kaon fragmentation vertex, the polarization is compared to that from inclusive experiments at lower momenta and to that from two-body reactions with a Λ. As predicted by the triple-Regge model with N α (or N γ ) exchange, the polarization is found to be independent of s and M X 2 / s . In particular it has the same value as that found in the two-body reactions.
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Data on correlations between momentum analysed protons, pions or K mesons, and charged particles produced in pp collisions at the CERN ISR are presented. The charged particles were detected in a ∼4 π scintillation counter hodoscope. The pseudo-rapidity distributions are well described by production within the limits of cylindrical phase space, with negative kaons and antiprotons yielding narrower distributions than protons, pions and positive kaons. The azimuthal distributions show symmetry around the t -channel axis in the rest frame of the recoiling mass M x in pp → aX (a = detected proton, pion, positive kaon).
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Results are presented on the inclusive reactions p p → K 0 X , p p → Λ X and p p → Λ X at an incident antiproton momentum of 12 GeV/ c in BEBC. The cross sections are studied as functions of the Feynman scaling variable x , the rapidity, the transverse momentum of the V 0 and the missing mass squared. The dependence of the Λ and Λ polarization on x are also studied. Comparisons with proton-proton data at 12 GeV/ c are also made. Finally, events with two detected V 0 are analyzed in order to study correlations arising from the production of two strange neutral particles.
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The ratios R vp and R vp of the neutral current to charged current cross sections for neutrino and antineutrino interactions on protons have been measured in BEBC. The beam was the CERN SPS 400 GeV wideband beam. The bubble chamber, equipped with the standard External Muon Identifier, was surrounded with an additional plane of wire chambers (Internal Picket Fence), which was added to improve neutral current event identification. For a total transverse momentum of the charged hadrons above 0.45 GeV/ c and a charged multiplicity of at least 3, it was found that R vp = 0.384 ± 0.015 and R vp = 0.338 ± 0.014 ± 0.016, corresponding to a value of sin 2 θ w (M w MS of 0.225 ± 0.030 . Combining the results from hydrogen and an isoscalar target, the differences of the neutral current chiral coupling constants were found to be u 2 l − d 2 L = −0.080 ± 0.043 ± 0.012 and u 2 R − d 2 R = 0.021±0.055±0.028.
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The reaction γγ→K + K − π + π − π 0 has been observed for the first time, using the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The cross section shows an enhancement for W γγ close to 3 GeV/ c 2 . Searches for γγ→ωφ and for γγ→φφ leading to this final state, as well as for γγ→φφ→2K + 2K − , have been performed. The derived upper limits for ωφ and φφ production are compatible with q q q q model predictions.
TOPOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION.
95 PCT CL UPPER LIMITS.
Inclusive π 0 production has been measured at the CERN pp̄ collider, s =540 GeV , for 90° production angle and in a range of transverse momenta between 1.5 and 4.5 GeV/ c . The invariant production cross section is larger than that measured at s = 53 GeV for p-p collisions. The production of μ mesons aand of direct photons is also investigated.
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The inclusive production cross sections of pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons in p p and pp interactions at √ s =53 GeV are compared in the kinematic range | y | < 0.8 and p T < 1.5 GeV/ c . We observe differences in the K + /K − and p /p ratios for the two data samples. Although the bulk of the particles are produced with the same momentum and rapidity distributions in p p and pp collisions, we observe difference in these distributions for produced protons and antiprotons.
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A new measurement of the ratio R = σ L / σ T of longitudinal and transverse structure functions in neutrino interactions on iron between 30 and 190 GeV neutrino energy is reported. The result is given as a function of the scale parameter x and the inelasticity ν of the interaction. The average value is R = 0.10 ± 0.07 around ν ≈ 50 GeV and is in accordance with a prediction from the QCD theory.
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We have measured the relative cross sections for muon pair production by 280 GeV/ c negative pions on three different targets: carbon, copper, and tungsten. The value of α obtained from the parametrization σ = constant × A α is 0.94 ± 0.02 ± 0.02, whereas the parametrization σ≈σ 0 ( Z A ) A α′ , where σ 0 ( Z A ) is given by the Drell-Yan model, leads to α ′ = 0.97 ±0.02±0.02. This last result is in agreement with the quark additivity rule which is inherent in the Drell-Yan model, no dependence is observed on the transverse momentum of the muon pair.
PARAMETRISATION OF CROSS-SECTION IS SIG=CONST.*A**POWER.
PARAMETRISATION OF CROSS-SECTION IS SIG=SIG0(Z/A)*A**POWER WHERE SIG0(Z/A) IS GIVEN BY DRELL-YAN MODEL.
We present the final analysis of the nuclear effects on the cross section of dimuon production, using simultaneously a hydrogen and a platinum target in a 150, 200 and 280 GeV pion beam. For the dimuon mass interval 4.1 to 8.5 GeV, the ratio of the cross sections is in agreement with the Drell-Yan model within a 10% error, mainly due to systematics. The variation of this ratio with the dimuon mass, x 1 and x 2 is also in good agreement, and no variation with the transverse momentum is observed.
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Evidence is presented for inclusive photoproduction of F ± mesons in three decay modes, ηπ ± , ηπ ± π + π − and ηπ ± π + π + π − π − . The average mass of the F ± is found to be 2.020±0.010 GeV.
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Data from an exposure of BEBC filled with hydrogen to a wideband neutrino beam are analysed to yield the structure function F v p 2 ( x ) for x > 0.2. Using our results in combination with data from electron-proton and muon-proton scattering, the quark density ratio d/u is determined as a function of x . The dominance u at large x is clearly seen. The results are compared with theoretical predictions.
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Inclusive production of the Δ (1232) resonance has been measured in 280 GeV/ c muon-proton interactions. The production of the Δ ++ as a function of the variables χ BJ , W , Q 2 , χ F and p T 2 is investigated. The average Δ ++ multiplicity is found to be smaller, by a factor of 6.2 ± 1.2, than the average multiplicity of protons. An upper limit for Δ 0 production is obtained. The net hadronic charge distribution for events with a Δ ++ is presented. The results are compared to the predictions of the Lund and Fire string models.
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Properties of the hadron multiplicity distributions in 280 GeV/c μ<sup loc="post">+</sup>p interactions have been investigated. The c.m. energy dependence in the range from 4 to 20 GeV of the total charged multiplicities are presented. No variation faster than logarithmic is seen in the energy range of this experiment. Comparison with νp and <math altimg="si1.gif"><ovl type="bar" style="s">ν</ovl><rm>p</rm></math> data at lower energy has been made and shows good agreement between μ<sup loc="post">+</sup>p and <math altimg="si1.gif"><ovl type="bar" style="s">ν</ovl><rm>p</rm></math> total charged multiplicities. It has been found that the average forward multiplicity (charged hadrons with xF > 0) exceeds the average backward multiplicity (charged hadrons with xF < 0) in the whole energy range and presents a different energy variation. The average forward multiplicity has been compared to e<sup loc="post">+</sup>e<sup loc="post">−</sup> data and shows a similar dependence on energy. Little correlation was observed between the forward and backward multiplicities indicating that the current and target regions fragment almost independently.
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Using annihilation in a calorimeter as a trigger on antiprotons, we have measured the relative production cross sections of p , Λ and Ξ at y∼0 in the transverse momentum range 1 to 2 GeV/ c in pp collisions at √ s =63 GeV. We investigate correlations between the antibaryons and associated produced particles, and find evidence for local baryon number conservation.
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Data are reported on the momentum distributions of Λ, Λ (1520), φ (1020), Λ and p , inclusively produced between 1° and 2° with respect to one of the primary proton beams at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings. In addition, the decay angular distribution of the Λ(1520), the ratio of the cross sections for the production of Σ − (1385) and Σ + (1385) and the ratios among different charge states of the pairs Λπ , Λ K, Δ ++ (1232) π and ππ have been measured. These data are confronted with current ideas on fragmentation.
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Hard hadronic scattering was studied by selecting 150 GeV and 300 GeV π − p and pp events with large energy in a 240 cell calorimeter covering 45† to 135† in the c.m.s. polar angle and the full 2 π azimuth. A downstream calorimeter measured the remaining energy flow at smaller angles. For large energy deposited in the segmented calorimeter the proton induced cross section drops below the pion induced cross section, as expected in a constituent scattering picture. However, neither a simple energy scaling of the cross section nor a dominant jet structure of the events is observed. No evidence was found for recently proposed higher-twist mechanisms leading to events
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The production of charged hadrons with high p T in αα collisions at √ s =126 GeV and pp collisions at √ s =31 and 63 GeV is compared, and the structure of the events associated with the high- p T particles is studied. The probability of finding associated particles close to the trigger particle increases strongly between √ s =31 and 63 GeV for pp collisions. For p T >2.5GeV/ c the αα/pp cross section ratio at the same energy per nucleon is measured to be 18.7 ± 2.0, to be compared with A 2 = 16, and a higher associated multiplicity is observed for αα.
FIRST PP DATA IS AT SQRT(S)=31 AND THE SECOND PP DATA IS AT 63 GEV.
Distributions of the Feynman x variable have been determined for positive and negative pions in charged current neutrino-proton and antineutrino-proton reactions with hadronic energy W > 3 GeV and Bjorken x B > 0.1. The distributions have been corrected for experimental effects such as measurement errors, uncertainties in estimating the neutrino energy and particle misidentification. In the framework of the quark-parton model, the distributions yield information about the fragmentation of forward going u and d quarks and backward going uu and ud diquarks. Approximate Feynman scaling is observed for the invariant Feynman x F distributions. They can be fitted by a power law of the form (1 − | x F |) n as suggested by the dimensional counting rules. Simple isospin relations predicted by the quark-parton model are fulfilled. The fragmentation of diquarks is compared with that of protons into π ± .
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The proton form factors GE(q2) and GM(q2) are determined at q2 = 75fm−2.
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Results on the inclusive reactions K − p → K ∗− (890) + X + and K − p → K ∗0 (890) + X 0 at 14.3 GeV/c are presented. A comparison is made with previous data and with the reaction K − p → K 0 + X at 14.3 GeV /c . Predictions of a triple-Regge model for the variation of the unnatural and natural parity exchanges with the mass of the X system are examined. The experimental values of the structure functions are compared with those calculated from a quark model.
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Inclusive cross sections and one-particle inclusive spectra are given for neutral K, Λ and Λ produced in K − p and K + p interactions at 32 GeV/ c in the 4.5 m Mirabelle hydrogen bubble chamber at the Serpukhov accelerator. Cross sections for associated production are also given, and the energy dependences of the cross sections and of the x distributions in the central and in the fragmentation regions are discussed.
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Large transverse energy cross sections of 300 GeV/ c pions and protons on hydrogen have been measured with a segmented calorimeter covering the central rapidity region −0.88 < y < 0.67 and 2 π in azimuth. The selected events show large multiplicities and no jet-like event structure. Processes more complicated than the scattering of two constituents appear to dominate these inelastic collisions.
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ERRORS SHOWN ARE STATISTCAL. STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS COMPUTED ASSUMING CALLAN-GROSS RELATION.
Production of ϱ 0 , K ∗0 , K ∗0 , and φ have been measured in proton-proton collisions at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) at low p T in the central region. The transverse mass spectra are well described by exp (− aμ T ), with a = −6.4±0.2 GeV −1 . The cross sections for d σ/ d y| y=0 are 6.5±0.8±1.2 mb for ϱ 0 , 1.9±0.3±0.3 mb for K ∗) , 1.9±03±03 mb for K ∗0 , and 60.±0.12±0.13 mb for φ , where the first error is statistical and the second is sytematic.
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Inclusive ρ 0 production in neutrino-proton charged-current interactions is studied, using a sample of 7831 events obtained in BEBC filled with hydrogen and exposed to the CERN wideband neutrino beam. An average multiplicity of 0.14±0.02 ρ 0 per event is found, corresponding to a ratio 〈 ρ 0 〉/〈 π − 〉=0.13±0.02. The ρ 0 production characteristics are determined as functions of leptonic variables ( W , Q 2 , χ B ) and hadronic variables ( χ F , z , p t 2 ) and are found to be similar to those determined for hadron- and other lepton-induced reactions.
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Results are presented on the inclusive photoproduction of λ and λ for incident photon energies between 25 and 70 GeV. The slope parameter of the p T 2 distribution is found to be 2.83±0.1 GeV −2 for λ and 3.28±0.25 GeV −2 for λ . The x F distributions, measured in the range −0.2 to 0.7, show that while λ are produced centrally, λ production extends to more negative values of x F ; the shapes show no energy dependence and are similar to those in pion-induced reactions. The polarization of the produced λ is less than 10%. The results are discussed in terms of vector dominance and quark fusion models.
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In pp collisions at √ s = 44.7 and 62.3 GeV, where each proton fragments into at least one low- p T, high- x meson or baryon, no correlations between the particle momenta are found for ππ , π K, KK, and p π pairs. The ππ data show a preference for the formation of electrically neutral ππ systems. The KK data show the influence of strangeness conservation. For pp and pΛ final states, the momentum dependence of the correlation ratio R can be described by the scaling variable z = (1 − x 1 )(1 − x 2 ). Small deviations from factorization are discussed.
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In a selected sample of 6770 charged current (CC) events of νp interactions with 〈 E ν 〉 = 43 GeV and 〈W〉 = 4.6 GeV , 359 K 0 , 180 Λ and 13 Λ have been observed, which corresponds to a corrected production rate at least one neutral strange particle in (17.4±0.8)% of the CC events. The ratio of the inclusive Λ to K 0 production cross section is found to be 0.26±0.03. The number of CC events containing at least one K 0 increases with increasing E ν and Q 2 , while the CC events containing at least one Λ remain practically constant. The fractions of the total hadronic energy carried by K 0 and Λ are found to be approximately the same in νp as in ep and μp interactions. In the hadronic c.m.s., the K 0 are produced mostly forwards, the Λ mostly backwards, with asymmetry parameters of +0.32±0.02 and −0.45±0.06, respectively. The total strange particle production cross section is estimated to be (25±4)% of the cross section for production of CC events with W >1.5 GeV and that for charm production (10±2)% of the CC cross section well above charm threshold ( W >3 GeV). The production of the resonances K ∗+ (890) and Σ + (1385) has been observed. The production rate of K ∗+ (890) is comparable to that of D ∗+ (2009), above the corresponding thresholds.
No description provided.
The inclusive production of neutral kaons in 70 GeV/ c K + p interactions is studied with the CERN BEBC bubble chamber. The (semi-)inclusive cross sections are interpreted in terms of the various strangeness channels leading to neutral kaon production. The invariant inclusive cross section for kaon production is studied as a function of p t 2 and the Feynman variable x . The latter distributions are considered both “raw” and corrected for the presence of K 0 's resulting from K ∗ decay. They are compared with the predictions expected from the Regge-Mueller formalism, the recombination model and fragmentation models.
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No description provided.
The average transverse momentum squared, 〈 p ⊥ 2 〉, of hadrons is studied as a function of W 2 and of Q 2 for ν and ν interactions on an isoscalar target. An increase of 〈 p ⊥ 2 〉 with W 2 is observed for the hadrons emitted forward in the hadronic c.m.s. The p ⊥ dependence of the fragmentation function is found to factorise from the structure function at fixed W , but does not factorise at fixed Q 2 . Unlike the case of forward-going particles, the 〈 p ⊥ 2 〉 of hadrons going backward in the c.m.s. shows no strong dependence on W 2 .
No description provided.
No description provided.
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A sample of 52 Intermediate Vector Boson decays in the ( v e e) channel is described. They were produced at the CERN SPS Collider for an integrated luminosity of 0.136 pb −1 . Both production and decay properties fit well with expectations from the Standard Model of weak interactions. An improved value for the W mass is given and compared with the previously published value for the Z 0 mass.
No description provided.
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