Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with p_T < 8 GeV/c and neutral pions with p_T < 10 GeV/c have been measured at mid-rapidity by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The measured yields are compared to those in p+p collisions at the same sqrt(s_NN) scaled up by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions in d+Au. The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Instead, there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.
Nuclear modification factor $R_{dA}$ for ($h^+$+$h^-$)/2 in minimum bias $d$+$Au$.
We report on two-particle azimuthal angle correlations between charged hadrons at forward/backward (deuteron/gold going direction) rapidity and charged hadrons at mid-rapidity in deuteron-gold (d+Au) and proton-proton (p+p) collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Jet structures are observed in the correlations which we quantify in terms of the conditional yield and angular width of away side partners. The kinematic region studied here samples partons in the gold nucleus carrying nucleon momentum fraction x~0.1 to x~0.01. Within this range, we find no x dependence of the jet structure in d+Au collisions.
$I_{dAu}$ vs. $p_T^{assoc}$ for different centrality, $p_T^{trig}$ and $\eta^{trig}$ bins.
Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the \it{full} Coulomb correction, the ratio $R_{\rm out}/R_{\rm side}$ is smaller than unity for $<k_{\rm T}>$ from 0.25 to 1.2 GeV/c and for all measured centralities. However, using recently developed partial Coulomb correction methods, we find that $R_{\rm out}/R_{\rm side}$ is 0.8-1.1 for the measured $<k_{\rm T}>$ range, and approximately constant at unity with the number of participants.
The $k_T$ dependence of the Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters and $\lambda$ for charged pions for 0-30% centrality. Filled triangles show the results from fits to a core-halo structure by Eq. 2, with statistical error bars and systematic error bands. Open circles and squares show the results from the full (Eq. 1) and 50% partial (Eq. 3) Coulomb corrections with statistical error bars, respectively. Results at 130 GeV by PHENIX are given by filled circles.
PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p_T spectra from central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV. The truncated mean p_T decreases with centrality for p_T > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p_T hadron production. For central collisions the yield at high p_T is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p+p data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e. for collisions with less than about 140 participating nucleons. The observed p_T and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions.
The ratio $p/h$ represents the proton plus anti-proton yield relative to the total charged hadron multiplicity. This shows the $p_T$ dependence of $p/h$ for minimum bias events.
A comprehensive survey of event-by-event fluctuations of charged hadron multiplicity in relativistic heavy ions is presented. The survey covers Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV, and Cu+Cu collisions sqrt(s_NN) = 22.5, 62.4, and 200 GeV. Fluctuations are measured as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum range, and charge sign. After correcting for non-dynamical fluctuations due to fluctuations in the collision geometry within a centrality bin, the remaining dynamical fluctuations expressed as the variance normalized by the mean tend to decrease with increasing centrality. The dynamical fluctuations are consistent with or below the expectation from a superposition of participant nucleon-nucleon collisions based upon p+p data, indicating that this dataset does not exhibit evidence of critical behavior in terms of the compressibility of the system. An analysis of Negative Binomial Distribution fits to the multiplicity distributions demonstrates that the heavy ion data exhibit weak clustering properties.
The mean from the NBD fit as a function of $N_{part}$ for 200 GeV Au+Au collisions over the range 0.2 < $p_T$ < 2.0 GeV/$c$.
The mean from the NBD fit as a function of $N_{part}$ for 62.4 GeV Au+Au collisions over the range 0.2 < $p_T$ < 2.0 GeV/$c$.
The standard model (SM) of particle physics is spectacularly successful, yet the measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment $(g-2)_\mu$ deviates from SM calculations by 3.6$\sigma$. Several theoretical models attribute this to the existence of a "dark photon," an additional U(1) gauge boson, which is weakly coupled to ordinary photons. The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has searched for a dark photon, $U$, in $\pi^0,\eta \rightarrow \gamma e^+e^-$ decays and obtained upper limits of $\mathcal{O}(2\times10^{-6})$ on $U$-$\gamma$ mixing at 90% CL for the mass range $30<m_U<90$ MeV/$c^2$. Combined with other experimental limits, the remaining region in the $U$-$\gamma$ mixing parameter space that can explain the $(g-2)_\mu$ deviation from its SM value is nearly completely excluded at the 90% confidence level, with only a small region of $29<m_U<32$ MeV/$c^2$ remaining.
The experimental sensitivity and observed limit on the number of dark photon candidates as a function of the assumed dark photon mass.
All of the experimental data points presented in the original paper are correct and unchanged (including statistical and systematic uncertainties). However, herein we correct a comparison between the experimental data and a theoretical picture, because we discovered a mistake in the code used. All of the most probable sigma_breakup values differ by less than 0.4 mb from those originally presented. However, the one standard deviation uncertainties (that include contributions from both the statistical and systematic uncertainties on the experimental data points) are approximately 30-60% larger than originally reported. We give a table of the new comparison results and corrected versions of Figs. 8-11 of the original paper and we note that no correction is needed for results from the data-driven method in Fig. 13.
Breakup cross section of c-c_bar pairs inside cold nuclear matter for different ranges of rapidity.The breakup cross section is calculated with two models of shadowing for nuclear PDFs ; the EKS model and the NDSG model. The uncertainties given, containing statistical and systematical error, are corresponding to one standard deviation.
The PHENIX experiment has measured open heavy-flavor production via semileptonic decay muons over the transverse momentum range 1 < pT < 6 GeV/c at forward and backward rapidity (1.4 < |y| < 2.0) in d+Au and p+p collisions at ?sNN = 200 GeV. In central d+Au collisions an enhancement (suppression) of heavy-flavor muon production is observed at backward (forward) rapidity relative to the yield in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. Modification of the gluon density distribution in the Au nucleus contributes in terms of anti-shadowing enhancement and shadowing suppression; however, the enhancement seen at backward rapidity exceeds expectations from this effect alone. These results, implying an important role for additional cold nuclear matter effects, serves as a key baseline for heavy-quark measurements in A+A collisions and in constraining the magnitude of charmonia breakup effects at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider.
Comparison of $R_{dA}$ as a function of $\langle N_{coll} \rangle$ for heavy-flavor leptons from different rapidity and $p_T$ bins.
Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of eta mesons have been measured within p_T = 2-10 GeV/c at mid-rapidity by the PHENIX experiment in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. In central Au+Au the eta yields are significantly suppressed compared to peripheral Au+Au, d+Au and p+p yields scaled by the corresponding number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. The magnitude, centrality and p_T dependence of the suppression is common, within errors, for eta and pi^0. The ratio of eta to pi^0 spectra at high p_T amounts to 0.40 < R_eta/pi^0 < 0.48 for the three systems in agreement with the world average measured in hadronic and nuclear reactions and, at large scaled momentum, in e^+e^- collisions.
$R_{AA} (p_T)$ measured in central Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for $\eta, \pi^0$, and direct $\gamma$. Points with no error are the upper limit. Point-to-point uncorrelated uncertainties are called "sys-uncorr", point-to-point correlated uncertainties are called "sys-corr", and normalization uncertainties are called "sys-norm."
Correlations between p and pbar's at transverse momenta typical of enhanced baryon production in Au+Au collisions are reported. The PHENIX experiment measures same and opposite sign baryon pairs in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Correlated production of p and p^bar with the trigger particle from the range 2.5 < p_T < 4.0 GeV/c and the associated particle with 1.8 < p_T < 2.5 GeV/c is observed to be nearly independent of the centrality of the collisions. Same sign pairs show no correlation at any centrality. The conditional yield of mesons triggered by baryons (and anti-baryons) and mesons in the same pT range rises with increasing centrality, except for the most central collisions, where baryons show a significantly smaller number of associated mesons. These data are consistent with a picture in which hard scattered partons produce correlated p and p^bar in the p_T region of the baryon excess.
$1/{N_{trig}}$ ${dN}/{d\Delta\phi}$ distributions for charge selected $\bar{p}$ and $p$ triggers both with associated $p$ for six centrality bins. Triggers have 2.5 < $p_T$ < 4.0 GeV/$c$ and associated particles have 1.8 < $p_T$ < 2.5 GeV/$c$.
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