Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date.

The transverse energy ($E_\mathrm{T}^{\gamma}$) spectra of photons isolated from other particles are measured using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at the LHC at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV with integrated luminosities of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$and 404 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ for pp and PbPb data, respectively. The results are presented for photons with 25 $<$ $E_\mathrm{T}^{\gamma}$ $<$ 200 GeV in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|$ $<$ 1.44, and for different centrality intervals for PbPb collisions. Photon production in PbPb collisions is consistent with that in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, demonstrating that photons do not interact with the quark-gluon plasma. Therefore, isolated photons can provide information about the initial energy of the associated parton in photon+jet measurements. The results are compared with predictions from the next-to-leading-order JETPHOX generator for different parton distribution functions (PDFs) and nuclear PDFs (nPDFs). The comparisons can help to constrain the nPDFs global fits.

For comparison of inclusive jet cross sections measured at hadron-hadron colliders to next-to-leading order (NLO) parton-level calculations, the energy deposited in the jet cone by spectator parton interactions must first be subtracted. The assumption made at the Tevatron is that the spectator parton interaction energy is similar to the ambient level measured in minimum bias events. In this paper, we test this assumption by measuring the ambient charged track momentum in events containing large transverse energy jets at $\sqrt{s}=1800$ GeV and $\sqrt{s}=630$ GeV and comparing this ambient momentum with that observed both in minimum bias events and with that predicted by two Monte Carlo models. Two cones in $\eta$--$\phi$ space are defined, at the same pseudo-rapidity, $\eta$, as the jet with the highest transverse energy ($E_T^{(1)}$), and at $\pm 90^o$ in the azimuthal direction, $\phi$. The total charged track momentum inside each of the two cones is measured. The minimum momentum in the two cones is almost independent of $E_T^{(1)}$ and is similar to the momentum observed in minimum bias events, whereas the maximum momentum increases roughly linearly with the jet $E_T^{(1)}$ over most of the measured range. This study will help improve the precision of comparisons of jet cross section data and NLO perturbative QCD predictions. %this is new The distribution of the sum of the track momenta in the two cones is also examined for five different $E_T^{(1)}$ bins. The HERWIG and PYTHIA Monte Carlos are reasonably successful in describing the data, but neither can describe completely all of the event properties.

The inclusive cross section for production of isolated photons has been measured in \pbarp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 630$ GeV with the \D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The photons span a transverse energy ($E_T$) range from 7-49 GeV and have pseudorapidity $|\eta| < 2.5$. This measurement is combined with to previous \D0 result at $\sqrt{s} = 1800$ GeV to form a ratio of the cross sections. Comparison of next-to-leading order QCD with the measured cross section at 630 GeV and ratio of cross sections show satisfactory agreement in most of the $E_T$ range.

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A test of lepton flavor universality in B$^{\pm}$$\to$ K$^{\pm}\mu^+\mu^-$ and B$^{\pm}$$\to$ K$^{\pm}$e$^+$e$^-$ decays, as well as a measurement of differential and integrated branching fractions of a nonresonant B$^{\pm}$$\to$ K$^{\pm}\mu^+\mu^-$ decay are presented. The analysis is made possible by a dedicated data set of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded in 2018, by the CMS experiment at the LHC, using a special high-rate data stream designed for collecting about 10 billion unbiased b hadron decays. The ratio of the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}$(B$^{\pm}$$\to$ K$^{\pm}\mu^+\mu^-$) to $\mathcal{B}$(B$^{\pm}$$\to$ K$^{\pm}$e$^+$e$^-$) is determined from the measured double ratio $R$(K) of these decays to the respective branching fractions of the B$^\pm$$\to$ J/$\psi$K$^\pm$ with J/$\psi$$\to$$\mu^+\mu^-$ and e$^+$e$^-$ decays, which allow for significant cancellation of systematic uncertainties. The ratio $R$(K) is measured in the range 1.1 $\lt q^2 \lt$ 6.0 GeV$^2$, where $q$ is the invariant mass of the lepton pair, and is found to be $R$(K) = 0.78$^{+0.47}_{-0.23}$, in agreement with the standard model expectation $R$(K) $\approx$ 1. This measurement is limited by the statistical precision of the electron channel. The integrated branching fraction in the same $q^2$ range, $\mathcal{B}$(B$^{\pm}$$\to$ K$^{\pm}\mu^+\mu^-$) = (12.42 $\pm$ 0.68) $\times$ 10$^{-8}$, is consistent with the present world-average value and has a comparable precision.

The relative yields of $\Upsilon$ mesons produced in pp and PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV and reconstructed via the dimuon decay channel are measured using data collected by the CMS experiment. Double ratios are formed by comparing the yields of the excited states, $\Upsilon$(2S) and $\Upsilon$(3S), to the ground state, $\Upsilon$(1S), in both PbPb and pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. The double ratios, [$\Upsilon$(nS)/$\Upsilon$(1S)]$_\mathrm{PbPb}$ / [$\Upsilon$(nS)/$\Upsilon$(1S)]$_\mathrm{pp}$, are measured to be 0.308 $\pm$ 0.055 (stat) $\pm$ 0.019 (syst) for the $\Upsilon$(2S) and less than 0.26 at 95% confidence level for the $\Upsilon$(3S). No significant $\Upsilon$(3S) signal is found in the PbPb data. The double ratios are studied as a function of collision centrality, as well as dimuon transverse momentum and rapidity. No significant dependencies are observed.

The production yields of Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) quarkonium states are measured through their decays into muon pairs in the CMS detector, in PbPb and pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 166 inverse microbarns and 5.4 inverse picobarns for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Differential production cross sections are reported as functions of Upsilon rapidity y up to 2.4, and transverse momentum pT up to 20 GeV/c. A strong centrality-dependent suppression is observed in PbPb relative to pp collisions, by factors of up to approximately 2 and 8, for the Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) states, respectively. No significant dependence of this suppression is observed as a function of y or pT. The Upsilon(3S) state is not observed in PbPb collisions, which corresponds to a suppression for the centrality-integrated data by at least a factor of approximately 7 at a 95% confidence level. The observed suppression is in agreement with theoretical scenarios modeling the sequential melting of quarkonium states in a quark gluon plasma.

The nuclear modification factor RAA and the azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v[2] of prompt and nonprompt (i.e. those from decays of b hadrons) J/psi mesons, measured from PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV at the LHC, are reported. The results are presented in several event centrality intervals and several kinematic regions, for transverse momenta pt > 6.5 GeV/c and rapidity abs(y) < 2.4, extending down to pt = 3 GeV/c in the 1.6 < abs(y) < 2.4 range. The v[2] of prompt J/psi is found to be nonzero, but with no strong dependence on centrality, rapidity, or pt over the full kinematic range studied. The measured v[2] of nonprompt J/psi is consistent with zero. The RAA of prompt J/psi exhibits a suppression that increases from peripheral to central collisions but does not vary as a function of either y or pt in the fiducial range. The nonprompt J/psi RAA shows a suppression which becomes stronger as rapidity or pt increase. The v[2] and nuclear suppression of open and hidden charm, and of open charm and beauty, are compared.

We study the underlying event in proton-antiproton collisions by examining the behavior of charged particles (transverse momentum pT &gt; 0.5 GeV/c, pseudorapidity |\eta| &lt; 1) produced in association with large transverse momentum jets (~2.2 fb-1) or with Drell-Yan lepton-pairs (~2.7 fb-1) in the Z-boson mass region (70 &lt; M(pair) &lt; 110 GeV/c2) as measured by CDF at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy. We use the direction of the lepton-pair (in Drell-Yan production) or the leading jet (in high-pT jet production) in each event to define three regions of \eta-\phi space; toward, away, and transverse, where \phi is the azimuthal scattering angle. For Drell-Yan production (excluding the leptons) both the toward and transverse regions are very sensitive to the underlying event. In high-pT jet production the transverse region is very sensitive to the underlying event and is separated into a MAX and MIN transverse region, which helps separate the hard component (initial and final-state radiation) from the beam-beam remnant and multiple parton interaction components of the scattering. The data are corrected to the particle level to remove detector effects and are then compared with several QCD Monte-Carlo models. The goal of this analysis is to provide data that can be used to test and improve the QCD Monte-Carlo models of the underlying event that are used to simulate hadron-hadron collisions.