The Compton scattering cross section on the proton has been measured at laboratory angles of 90$~\circ$ and 135$~\circ$ using tagged photons in the energy range 70--100 MeV and simultaneously using untagged photons in the range 100--148MeV. With the aid of dispersion relations, these cross sections were used to extract the electric and magnetic polarizabilities, $\bar{\alpha}$ and $\bar{\beta}$ respectively, of the proton. We find $$\bar{\alpha}+\bar{\beta} = ( 15.0 \pm 2.9 \pm 1.1 \pm 0.4 ) \times 10~{-4} \: {\rm fm}~3,$$ in agreement with a model-independent dispersion sum rule, and $$\bar{\alpha}-\bar{\beta} = ( 10.8 \pm 1.1 \pm 1.4 \pm 1.0 ) \times 10~{-4} \: {\rm fm}~3,$$ where the errors shown are statistical, systematic, and model-dependent, respectively. A comparison with previous experiments is given and global values for the polarizabilities are extracted.

Compton scattering from protons has been measured between 650 MeV and 1350 MeV for angles between 60° and 140° CM.

Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in photoproduction events in the laboratory pseudorapidity range $-1.2<\eta<1.4$ have been measured up to $p_{T}=8\GeV $ using the ZEUS detector. Diffractive and non--diffractive reactions have been selected with an average $\gamma p$ centre of mass (c.m.) energy of $\langle W \rangle = 180\GeV$. For diffractive reactions, the $p_{T}$ spectra of the photon dissociation events have been measured in two intervals of the dissociated photon mass with mean values $\langle M_{X} \rangle = 5$ GeV and $10$ GeV. The inclusive transverse momentum spectra fall exponentially in the low $p_{T}$ region. The non--diffractive data show a pronounced high $p_{T}$ tail departing from the exponential shape. The $p_{T}$ distributions are compared to lower energy photoproduction data and to hadron--hadron collisions at a similar c.m. energy. The data are also compared to the results of a next--to--leading order QCD calculation.

Total and differential cross sections for the reaction gamma p -> pi^o eta p have been measured with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector using the tagged photon facility at the MAMI C accelerator in Mainz. In the energy range E_gamma=0.95-1.4 GeV the reaction is dominated by the excitation and sequential decay of the Delta(1700)D33 resonance. Angular distributions measured with high statistics allow us to determine the ratio of hadronic decay widths \Gamma_{\eta \Delta}/\Gamma_{\pi S11} and the ratio of the helicity amplitudes A_{3/2}/A_{1/2} for this resonance.

The differential cross-section of the reaction γ p→ η p has been measured at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) at mean photon energies of 4 and 6 GeV in the momentum transfer range between zero and 1.4 GeV 2 . The data show a slight maximum around t =−0.15 GeV 2 and fall off smoothly till t =−1.4 GeV 2 . There is no indication of a dip around t =−0.5 GeV 2 .

The total cross section for gamma p -> 3pi0 p has been measured for the first time from threshold to 1.4 GeV using the tagged photon beam of the Mainz Microtron. The equipment utilized the Crystal Ball multiphoton spectrometer, the TAPS forward detector and a particle identification detector. The gamma p -> 3pi0 p total cross section has two broad enhancements at sqrt{s}~1.5 GeV and 1.7 GeV. We obtained the ratio of the total cross sections gamma p -> 3pi0 p to gamma p -> eta p equal to 0.014 \pm 0.001 at sqrt{s}~1.5 GeV.

Pions from the reaction γ + p → π + + n were analysed in the backward direction by a magnetic spectrometer. The photon energy region of 0.394 GeV to 1.397 GeV was covered by 19 different momentum settings. Data reduction resulted in 74 measured differential cross sections with statistical uncertainties typically from 4% to 8%. The systematic uncertainty was estimated to be ±5%. The data are compared to other recent experiments and predictions of phenomenological analyses.

The cross section for inelastic electron-proton scattering was measured at incident electron energies of 1.5 to 6 GeV by magnetic analysis of the scattered electrons at angles between 10° and 35°. For invariant masses of the hardonic final state W ⩽ 1.4 GeV. the measured spectra are compared with theoretical predictions for electroproduction of the Δ(1236) isobar. The magnetic dipole transition form factor G ∗ M ( q 2 ) of the (γ N Δ)-vertex is derived for momentum transfers q 2 = 0.2 − 2.34 (GeV/ c ) 2 ard found to decrease more rapidly with q 2 than the proton form factors.

The differential cross section of the reactionγ+p→π+ was measured at pion CM-angles of 20° and 30° for photon energies between 500 MeV and 1,400 MeV. The pions were detected in a magnetic spectrometer. By measuring each pion trajectory and by offline calculation of the initial pion parameters an energy resolution of about 2.5% FWHM was achieved. The results complete a set of data which were measured in recent years at the Bonn 2.5 GeV synchrotron. In comparison to photoproduction analyses two effects were revealed: The η cusp appears in the energy dependence of the cross section as a sharp drop atKγ=710 MeV. In the region of the third resonance the data show a greater enhancement than predicted by most of the analyses.

The beam asymmetry, $\Sigma$, was measured at ELSA in the reaction $\vec \gamma p \to \eta p$ using linearly polarised tagged photon beams, produced by coherent bremsstrahlung off a diamond. The crystal was oriented to provide polarised photons in the energy range $E_\gamma = 800$ to 1400 MeV with the maximum polarisation of $P_\gamma = 49$ % obtained at 1305 MeV. Both dominant decay modes of the $\eta$ into two photons and $3\pi^0$ were used to extract the beam asymmetry from the azimuthal modulation of the cross section. The measurements cover the angular range $\Theta_\text{cm}\simeq 50$ -- 150 degrees. Large asymmetries up to 80 % are observed, in agreement with a previous measurement. The eta-MAID model and the Bonn--Gatchina partial wave analysis describe the measurements, but the required partial waves differ significantly.

Dimuon and trimuon events produced by the interaction of 250 GeV muons in an iron target have been studied and are shown to originate predominantly from charm production. The data are used to measure the contribution of charm to the nucleon structure function F 2 . The cross sections for real photoproduction ( Q 2 =0) of charm in the current fragmentation region are derived as a function of photon energy and are found to be ∼0.6% of the total, hadronic photoproduction cross section in this energy range. The measured cross sections are found to be well represented by the photon-gluon fusion model. The charmed quark fragmentation function is obtained by using this model to fit the measured decay muon energy distribution and is found to be well represented by exp(1.6±1.6) Z . The data are used to study the momentum distribution of the gluons in the nucleon. An upper limit of 1.4% (90% confidence level) is set on the branching ratio D→ μν and a model-dependent upper limit on the branching ratio F→ μν is derived.

An experimental study of $\omega$ photoproduction on the proton was conducted by using the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The $\gamma p\to\omega p$ differential cross sections are measured from threshold to the incident-photon energy $E_\gamma=1.40$ GeV ($W=1.87$ GeV for the center-of-mass energy) with 15-MeV binning in $E_\gamma$ and full production-angle coverage. The quality of the present data near threshold gives access to a variety of interesting physics aspects. As an example, an estimation of the $\omega N$ scattering length $\alpha_{\omega p}$ is provided.

The total cross sections for the three γp → Nππ reactions have been measured for photon energies from 400 to 800 MeV. The γ p → p π 0 π 0 and γ p → n π + π 0 cross sections have never been measured before while the γ p → p π + π − results are much improved compared to earlier data. These measurements were performed with the large acceptance hadronic detector DAPHNE, at the tagged photon beam facility of the MAMI microtron in Mainz.

K^+K^- production in two-photon collisions has been studied using a large data sample of 67 fb^{-1} accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e^+e^- collider. We have measured the cross section for the process gamma gamma -> K^+ K^- for center-of-mass energies between 1.4 and 2.4 GeV, and found three new resonant structures in the energy region between 1.6 and 2.4 GeV. The angular differential cross sections have also been measured.

Seventy-one events containing charmed-particle decays have been observed in an experiment using the SLAC Hybrid Facility exposed to a backward-scattered photon beam. Several improvements were made to the apparatus since the previous experiment on charm photoproduction. Results for the charmed-meson lifetimes are consistent with the published results from the previous experiment and the two data samples have been combined yielding a total sample of 136 charm events. After imposing rigorous cuts, 50 neutral, 48 charged, and 2 charged/neutral ambiguous decays remain. From these, the charmed-meson lifetimes are measured to be &=(8.6±1.3−0.3+0 .7)×10−13 sec, &=(6.1±0.9±0.3)×10 −13 sec, and their ratio &=1.4±0.3− 0.1+0.2. The total charm cross section at a photon energy of 20 GeV has been measured to be (62±8−10+15) nb. There is evidence for both DD¯X and D¯Λc+X production with σD¯Λc+X/σcharm=(71± 11±6)%.

The reactions e + e − → e + e − e + e − and e + e − → e + e − μ + μ − , in a single tag configuration, are studied at LEP with the L3 detector. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 93.7 pb −1 at s =91 GeV. Differential cross sections are measured for 1.4 GeV 2 ≤Q 2 ≤7.6 GeV 2 . The leptonic photon structure function F γ 2 and azimuthal correlations are measured for e + e − → e + e − μ + μ − . The related structure functions F γ A and F γ B , which originate from interference terms of the scattering amplitudes, are determined for the first time.

None

Qausi-elastic ω production by ep scattering in the kinematic region 0.3. < Q 2 < 1.4 GeV 2 and 1.7 < W < 2.8 GeV was studied using a streamer chamber at DESY. The production angular distribution for γ V p → ω p has a strong non-peripheral component for W < 2 GeV. The ω production cross section falls by a factor of 4 as W changes from 1.7 to 2.8 GeV. In contrast the cross section for ω production with | t | < 0.5 GeV 2 is W independent between 1.7 and 2.8 GeV and for W > 2.0 GeV consistent in both W and Q 2 dependence with the predictions of a model based on one-pion exchange and diffraction.

This work measured $d\sigma/d\Omega$ for neutral kaon photoproduction reactions from threshold up to a c.m.\ energy of 1855MeV, focussing specifically on the $\gamma p\rightarrow K^0\Sigma^+$, $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0\Lambda$, and $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0 \Sigma^0$ reactions. Our results for $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0 \Sigma^0$ are the first-ever measurements for that reaction. These data will provide insight into the properties of $N^*$ resonances and, in particular, will lead to an improved knowledge about those states that couple only weakly to the $\pi N$ channel. Integrated cross sections were extracted by fitting the differential cross sections for each reaction as a series of Legendre polynomials and our results are compared with prior experimental results and theoretical predictions.

We have studied several features of the production of charged-hardon pairs by γγ collisions. We have measured the f0 partial width Γf0→γγ(Q2) for Q2 in the range 0<Q2<1.4 GeV2/c2, and obtained Γf0→γγ=2.52±0.13±0.38 keV at Q2≈0. The measured Q2 dependence is in agreement with the generalized vector-dominance model. The cross section for γγ→(π+π−+K+K−) in the mass region 1.6≤Mππ≤2.5 GeV/c2 has also been measured and the result compared with that expected from the QCD continuum.

We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reaction $\vec{\gamma} p\to K^+\Sigma^0$(1193) using the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. Data were collected using a linearly polarized photon beam in the energy range of 8.2-8.8 GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ was measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable $t$, and a single value of $\Sigma$ was extracted for events produced in the $u$-channel. These are the first exclusive measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reaction in this energy range. For the $t$-channel, the measured beam asymmetry is close to unity over the $t$-range studied, $-t=(0.1-1.4)~$(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$, with an average value of $\Sigma = 1.00\pm 0.05$. This agrees with theoretical models that describe the reaction via the natural-parity exchange of the $K^{*}$(892) Regge trajectory. A value of $\Sigma = 0.41 \pm 0.09$ is obtained for the $u$-channel integrated up to $-u=2.0$~(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$.

Diffractive dissociation of quasi-real photons at a photon-proton centre of mass energy of W 200 GeV is studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The process under consideration is gamma p -> X N, where X is the diffractively dissociated photon system of mass M_X and N is either a proton or a nucleonic system with mass M_N < 2GeV. The cross section for this process in the interval 3 < M_X < 24 GeV relative to the total photoproduction cross section was measured to be sigma~partial_D / sigma_tot = 6.2 +- 0.2(stat) +- 1.4(syst)%. After extrapolating this result to the mass interval of m_phi~2 < M_X~2 < 0.05 W~2 and correcting it for proton dissociation, the fraction of the total cross section attributed to single diffractive photon dissociation, gamma p -> X p, is found to be sigma_SD / sigma_tot = 13.3 +- 0.5(stat) +- 3.6(syst)%. The mass spectrum of the dissociated photon system in the interval 8 < M_X < 24 GeV can be described by the triple pomeron (PPP) diagram with an effective pomeron intercept of alpha_P(0) = 1.12 +- 0.04(stat) +- 0.08(syst). The cross section for photon dissociation in the range 3 < M_X < 8 GeV is significantly higher than that expected from the triple pomeron amplitude describing the region 8 < M_X < 24 GeV. Assuming that this discrepancy is due to a pomeron-pomeron-reggeon (PPR) term, its contribution to the diffractive cross section in the interval 3 < M_X < 24 GeV is estimated to be f_PPR = 26 +- 3(stat) +- 12(syst)%.

Differential cross sections for single photoproduction of neutral pion on neutron have been measured at different c.m. angles for photon energies, between 450–800 MeV.

The reaction γγ → ϱ + ϱ − → π + π − π 0 π 0 has been studied with the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. Near threshold, the cross section for this reaction is about four times smaller than for the reaction γγ → ϱ 0 ϱ 0 .

The final states K S 0 K S 0 π + π − and K S 0 K ∓ π 0 π ± , produced in two-photon reactions, have been studied using the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The reaction γγ→ K ∗+ K ∗− has been observed for the first time. Its cross section is about eight times larger than that for γγ→ K ∗0 K ∗0 , but it has a similar W γγ dependence.

The reaction γγ → 2 π + 2 π − 2 π 0 has been studied using the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. Production of ω mesons is observed and, in particular, the reaction γγ → ωω is seen for the first time. The cross section for γγ → ωω has an enhancement at ∼ 1.9 GeV/ c 2 of about 10 nb. The cross sections for γγ → 2 π + 2 π − 2 π 0 and γγ → ωπ + π − π 0 are also given.

Photoproduction of mesons off quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron allows to study the electromagnetic excitation spectrum of the neutron and the isospin structure of the excitation of nucleon resonances. The database for such reactions is much more sparse than for free proton targets. Single $\pi^0$ photoproduction off quasi-free nucleons from the deuteron was experimentally studied. Nuclear effects were investigated by a comparison of the results for free protons and quasi-free protons and used as a correction for the quasi-free neutron data. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon beam of the Mainz MAMI accelerator for photon energies between 0.45~GeV and 1.4~GeV, using an almost $4\pi$ electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. A complete kinematic reconstruction of the final state removed the effects of Fermi motion. Reaction model predictions and PWA for $\gamma n\rightarrow n\pi^{0}$, based on fits to data for the other isospin channels, disagreed between themselves and no model provided a good description of the new data. The results demonstrate clearly the importance of a measurement of the fully neutral final state for the isospin decomposition of the cross section. Model refits, for example from the Bonn-Gatchina analysis, show that the new and the previous data for the other three isospin channels can be simultaneously described when the contributions of several partial waves are modified. The results are also relevant for the suppression of the higher resonance bumps in total photoabsorption on nuclei, which are not well understood.

Results are presented on the elastic scattering of photons by protons. The incident photon energy ranged from 0.55 GeV to 4.5 GeV, and the four-momentum transfer t ranged from 0.12 to 1.0 (GeV/c)2. The data at large angles, 60°<θ*<115°, are characterized by a pronounced excitation of the D13(1518) resonance, a shoulder in the 1688-MeV mass region, and a precipitous drop thereafter in the cross section as a function of incident energy. The low-t data are characterized by a diffraction slope of 5 (GeV/c)−2. The data are inconsistent with the predictions of the vector-dominance model if the latter is restricted to ρ0, ω, and φ vector mesons.

Elastic $\rho~0$ photoproduction has been measured using the ZEUS detector at HERA. Untagged photoproduction events from $ep$ interactions were used to measure the reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow \rho~0 p$ ($\rho~0 \rightarrow \pi~+ \pi~-$) at photon-proton centre-of-mass energies between 60 and 80GeV and $|t|&lt;0.5$GeV$~2$, where $t$ is the square of the four-momentum transferred at the proton vertex. The differential cross section $d\sigma/dM_{\pi\pi}$, where $M_{\pi\pi}$ is the invariant mass of the two pions, and the integrated cross section, $\sigma_{\gamma p\rightarrow \rho~0 p}$, are presented; the latter was measured to be $14.7\pm 0.4(\mbox{stat.})\pm2.4(\mbox{syst.})\mu\mbox{b}$. The differential cross section $d\sigma/dt$ has an approximately exponential shape; a fit of the type $A~{\prime}_{t} \exp{(-b~{\prime}_{t}|t| + c~{\prime}_{t} t~2)}$ yields a $t$-slope $b~{\prime}_{t}= 9.9\pm1.2(\mbox{stat.})\pm 1.4(\mbox{syst.})\mu\mbox{b}$. The results, when compared to low energy data, show a weak energy dependence of both $\sigma_{\gamma p\rightarrow \rho~0 p}$ and of the $t$-slope. The $\rho~0$ is produced predominantly with transverse polarisation, demonstrating that $s$-channel helicity conservation holds at these energies.

An analysis of the production ofKS0KS0 andK±Ks0π∓ by two quasi-real photons is presented. The cross section forγγ→K0\(\overline {K^0 } \), which is given for the γγ invariant mass range fromK\(\bar K\) threshold to 2.5 GeV, is dominated by thef′(1525) resonance and an enhancement near theK\(\bar K\) threshold. Upper limits on the product of the two-photon width times the branching ratio intoK\(\bar K\) pairs are given forΘ(1700),h(2030), and ξ(2220). For exclusive two-photon production ofK±Ks0π∓ no significant signal was observed. Upper limits are given on the cross section ofγγ→K+\(\overline {K^0 } \)π− orK−K0π+ between 1.4 and 3.2 GeV and on the product of the γγ width times the branching ratio into theK\(\bar K\)π final states for theηc(2980) and the ι(1440), yieldingΓ(γγ)→i(1440))·BR(i(1440)→K\(\bar K\)π<2.2 keV at 95% C.L.

The reaction γγ → 2 π + 2 π − π 0 has been studied using the the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The production of the vector-meson pair ωϱ 0 is observed for the first time. The cross section for γγ → ωϱ 0 and the topological cross section for γγ → 2 π + 2 π − π 0 are given. The angular distribution in ωϱ 0 events do not indicate any specific dominant spin-parity; they are consistent with isotropic production and decay of the ω and ϱ 0 mesons over the available W γγ range.

The $f_1(1285)$ meson with mass $1281.0 \pm 0.8$ MeV/$c^2$ and width $18.4 \pm 1.4$ MeV (FWHM) was measured for the first time in photoproduction from a proton target using CLAS at Jefferson Lab. Differential cross sections were obtained via the $\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$, $K^+\bar{K}^0\pi^-$, and $K^-K^0\pi^+$ decay channels from threshold up to a center-of-mass energy of 2.8 GeV. The mass, width, and an amplitude analysis of the $\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ final-state Dalitz distribution are consistent with the axial-vector $J^P=1^+$ $f_1(1285)$ identity, rather than the pseudoscalar $0^-$ $\eta(1295)$. The production mechanism is more consistent with $s$-channel decay of a high-mass $N^*$ state, and not with $t$-channel meson exchange. Decays to $\eta\pi\pi$ go dominantly via the intermediate $a_0^\pm(980)\pi^\mp$ states, with the branching ratio $\Gamma(a_0\pi \text{ (no} \bar{K} K\text{)}) / \Gamma(\eta\pi\pi \text{(all)}) = 0.74\pm0.09$. The branching ratios $\Gamma(K \bar{K} \pi)/\Gamma(\eta\pi\pi) = 0.216\pm0.033$ and $\Gamma(\gamma\rho^0)/\Gamma(\eta\pi\pi) = 0.047\pm0.018$ were also obtained. The first is in agreement with previous data for the $f_1(1285)$, while the latter is lower than the world average.

A search for the reactionsγγ→ωω andγγ→ρ0ω has been carried out at an averagee+e− CM energy of 34.6 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 45 pb−1. Upper limits are set for these two channels over the γγ CM Energy range of 1.6 to 2.5 GeV. The cross section is determined for the exclusive channelγγ→π+2π−π0.

Resonance production in the γγ reactionse+e−→e+e+e−π0π0 ande+e−π0η has been studied with the JADE detector at PETRA. The decay widths into γγ of thef2(1270),a0(980) anda2(1320) were measured to be\(\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma } (f_2 (1270)) = 3.19 \pm 0.09_{ - 0.38}^{ + 0.22} \) Kev,Γλλ(a0(980))=0.28±0.04±0.10 KeV/BR(a0(980)→π0η) andΓλλ(a2(1320))=1.01±0.14±0.22KeV. For thef0(975) andf4(2050) upper limits of the widths were obtained,Γλλ(f0(975))<0.6 KeV, andΓλλ(f4(2050))<1.1 KeV, both at the 95% C.L. Assuming that the spin 0 background under thef2(1270) is small, thef2(1270) was found to be produced exclusively in a helicity 2 state. The helicity 0 contribution is <15% at the 95% C.L. The cross section forλλ→π0π0 in the mass range 2.0–3.5 GeV/c2 was measured for the first time. Since the cross section forλλ→π+π− is a factor ∼2 larger, ππ production in this range can be interpreted as taking place via isospin 0 production.

The gp-->etap reaction has been measured with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers in the energy range from the production threshold of 707 MeV to 1.4 GeV (1.49 =< W >= 1.87 GeV). Bremsstrahlung photons produced by the 1.5-GeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI-C and momentum analyzed by the Glasgow Tagging Spectrometer were used for the eta-meson production. Our accumulation of 3.8 x 10^6 gp-->etap-->3pi0p-->6gp events allows a detailed study of the reaction dynamics. The gp-->etap differential cross sections were determined for 120 energy bins and the full range of the production angles. Our data show a dip near W = 1680 MeV in the total cross section caused by a substantial dip in eta production at forward angles. The data are compared to predictions of previous SAID and MAID partial-wave analyses and to thelatest SAID and MAID fits that have included our data.

Measurements of the reaction γ p → p π + π − π + π − are presented, in which π + π − π + π − systems with masses up to 3 GeV are produced from fragmentation of the incident photon. The reaction is dominated by production of the large peak of the ϱ′(1600) meson and, at higher masses ≳2 GeV, y production of jet-like 4 π systems. The ϱ′(1600) meson is produced by a predominantly s -channel helicity conserving mechanism. At higher masses there are also indications of ϱπ peaks, of masses 1.3 GeV (the A 2 meson) and 1.75 GeV, produced with a recoiling π meson by a mechanism consistent with the Deck effect.

Measurements of the energy and t dependence of diffractive Jψ photoproduction are presented. A significant rise in the cross section over the energy range 60-300 GeV is observed. It is found that (30±4)% of the events are inelastic.

The final state K + K − π + π − has been studied in γγ interactions using the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. Production of the vector meson pair K ∗0 (892) K ∗0 (892) is observed for the first time. The cross section for K + K − π + π − , K ∗0 K − π + +c.c. and K ∗0 K ∗0 are all found to be of the order of a few nb. In the W γγ range accessible, a mean upper limit of 0.5 nb at 95% CL is derived for φϱ 0 production.

The reaction $\gamma p\to p\pi^0\eta$ has been studied with the CBELSA detector at the tagged photon beam of the Bonn electron stretcher facility. The reaction shows contributions from $\Delta^+(1232)\eta$, $N(1535)^+\pi^0$ and $pa_0(980)$ as intermediate states. A partial wave analysis suggests that the reaction proceeds via formation of six $\Delta$ resonances, $\Delta(1600)P_{33}$, $\Delta(1920)P_{33}$, $\Delta(1700)D_{33}$, $\Delta(1940)D_{33}$, $\Delta(1905)F_{35}$, $\Delta(2360)D_{33}$, and two nucleon resonances $N(1880)P_{11}$ and $N(2200)P_{13}$, for which pole positions and decay branching ratios are given.

The reaction γ V p → p π + π − was studied in the W , Q 2 region 1.3–2.8 GeV, 0.3–1.4 GeV 2 using the streamer chamber at DESY. A detailed analysis of rho production via γ V p→ ϱ 0 p is presented. Near threshold rho production has peripheral and non-peripheral contributions of comparable magnitude. At higher energies ( W > 2 GeV) the peripheral component is dominant. The Q 2 dependence of σ ( γ V p→ ϱ 0 p) follows that of the rho propagator as predicted by VDM. The slope of d σ /d t at 〈 Q 2 〉 = 0.4 and 0.8 GeV 2 is within errors equal to its value at Q 2 = 0. The overall shape of the ϱ 0 is t dependent as in photoproduction, but is independent of Q 2 . The decay angular distribution shows that longitudinal rhos dominate in the threshold region. At higher energies transverse rhos are dominant. Rho production by transverse photons proceeds almost exclusively by natural parity exchange, σ T N ⩾ (0.83 ± 0.06) σ T for 2.2 < W < 2.8 GeV. The s -channel helicity-flip amplitudes are small compared to non-flip amplitudes. The ratio R = σ L / σ T was determined assuming s -channel helicity conservation. We find R = ξ 2 Q 2 / M ϱ 2 with ξ 2 ≈ 0.4 for 〈 W 〉 = 2.45 GeV. Interference between rho production amplitudes from longitudinal and transverse photons is observed. With increasing energy the phase between the two amplitudes decreases. The observed features of rho electroproduction are consistent with a dominantly diffractive production mechanism for W > 2 GeV.

The reaction e + e - → e + e - η' has been observed in the JADE experiment at PETRA, by detecting the final state π + π - γ, resulting from the decay η' → γϱ 0 . The cross section was measured at an average beam energy of 17.15 GeV to be σ(e + e - → e + e - η') = 2.2 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.4(syst.) nb, yielding the radiative width Γ η'γγ = 5.0 ± 0.5(stat.) ± 0.9 (syst.) keV.

In a study of photoproduction at photon energies up to 5.3 GeV in a deuterium bubble chamber the reactions γ n→p π + π − π − and γ n→p π + π − π − π 0 were analyzed. In these reactions production of the resonances Δ ++ , Δ 0 , ϱ 0 , ω and A 2 − was observed. Photoproduction of strange particles was investigated and cross sections for the reactions γ n→ Λ K + π − , Σ − K 0 π + , pK − K 0 , Λ K 0 π + π − and Λ K + π − π 0 are presented. Production of Σ − (1385) and K ∗0 (890) was observed.

Beam asymmetry and differential cross section for the reaction gamma+p->eta+p were measured from production threshold to 1500 MeV photon laboratory energy. The two dominant neutral decay modes of the eta meson, eta->2g and eta->3pi0, were analyzed. The full set of measurements is in good agreement with previously published results. Our data were compared with three models. They all fit satisfactorily the results but their respective resonance contributions are quite different. The possible photoexcitation of a narrow state N(1670) was investigated and no evidence was found.

We have measured the cross sections at 90° c.m. for π± and π0 photoproduction with polarized photons. The photon energies ranged from 0.8 to 2.2 GeV. We compare the resonant "bumps" in the cross section with theoretical models. The measured asymmetry agrees with a quark-model calculation though the predicted cross sections are low.

Production of the p p π + π − final state by two-photon scattering was observed. The cross section for γγ→p p π + π − was determined assuming phase space production. No evidence was found for the production or formation of resonances. Upper limits are given for Λ and Δ pair production, for production of p p ϱ 0 and for the two-photon excitation of c c bound states.

Results on the reaction γγ → π + π − π 0 π 0 are presented. There is clear evidence for correlated ϱ + ϱ − production. The cross section is much lower than for γγ → ϱ 0 ϱ 0 .

Photoproduction cross-section of the η-particle for incident photon energiesK from ∼800 to ∼1000 MeV has been measured at the 1.1 GeV Frascati electronsynchrotron. The differential cross-section for this process, at a c.m. angle of the η of ∼110°, turns out to be fairly constant for 830 MeV≤K≤900 MeV, and drops down by a factor 5 to 10 atK=950 MeV. These results are discussed in terms of a comparison with the data on the production of η's by pions, and with the data on pion-nucleon scattering and pion photoproduction. The conclusions are in agreement with the hypothesis that the η-N system is dominated at low energies by a resonance with orbital angular momentuml=0 (S 1/2,1/2 resonance).

In the analysis of the reactione+e−→e+e−KS0Ks0 clear evidence for exclusive γγ→f2′ resonance production is observed. The productΓγγ ·B(f2′→K\(\bar K\)) is measured to be 0.10−0.03−0.02+0.04+0.03 keV independent of ana priori assumption on the helicity structure. Our data are consistent with a pure helicity 2 contribution and we derive an upper limit for the ratioΓγγ(0)/Γγγ. The absence of events in the mass region around 1.3 GeV clearly proves destructivef2−a2 interference and allows to measure the relative phases betweenf2,a2 andf2′. Upper limits on the production of the glueball candidate statesf2(1720) andX(2230) as well as theKS0KS0-continuum are given.

Differential cross sections for the reaction $\gamma p \to n \pi^+$ have been measured with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and a tagged photon beam with energies from 0.725 to 2.875 GeV. Where available, the results obtained here compare well with previously published results for the reaction. Agreement with the SAID and MAID analyses is found below 1 GeV. The present set of cross sections has been incorporated into the SAID database, and exploratory fits have been made up to 2.7 GeV. Resonance couplings have been extracted and compared to previous determinations. With the addition of these cross sections to the world data set, significant changes have occurred in the high-energy behavior of the SAID cross-section predictions and amplitudes.

The s and t dependence of φ (1019) photoproduction has been investigated in the incident photon energy range 2.8 to to 4.8 GeV. Differential cross-sections and density matrix elements are presented for a t range extending from t min out to −1.3 (GeV/ c ) 2 . The results are discussed in terms discussed in terms of an effective Regge trajectory in the t -channel.