We report on total cross section and forward backward charge asymmetry measurements of the reactione+e− → τ+τ− at centre of mass energies of 35.0 GeV and 42.4 GeV using the TASSO detector. Including previous data an analysis in terms of electroweak parameters of the standard model is presented, and lower limits on mass scale parameters of residual contact interactions are given. A combined analysis of electroweak couplings using all our results on leptonic reactionse+e−→l+l− has been performed.
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We have measured, at an average centre-of-mass energy of 34.22 GeV a forward-backward charge asymmetry in the reaction e + e − → μ + μ − of value −0.161 ± 0.032. This demonstrates the existence of an axial vector neutral current with coupling strength of g e a g μ a =0.53 ± 0.10. We have also obtained a limit on the vector coupling strength of g e v g μ v <0.12. The Weinberg angle is found to be sin 2 θ W =0.29 +0.09 −0.11 . From the reaction e + e − → τ + τ − we have found g e a g τ a <0.34, g e v g τ v <0.55.
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An analysis of the production ofKS0KS0 andK±Ks0π∓ by two quasi-real photons is presented. The cross section forγγ→K0\(\overline {K^0 } \), which is given for the γγ invariant mass range fromK\(\bar K\) threshold to 2.5 GeV, is dominated by thef′(1525) resonance and an enhancement near theK\(\bar K\) threshold. Upper limits on the product of the two-photon width times the branching ratio intoK\(\bar K\) pairs are given forΘ(1700),h(2030), and ξ(2220). For exclusive two-photon production ofK±Ks0π∓ no significant signal was observed. Upper limits are given on the cross section ofγγ→K+\(\overline {K^0 } \)π− orK−K0π+ between 1.4 and 3.2 GeV and on the product of the γγ width times the branching ratio into theK\(\bar K\)π final states for theηc(2980) and the ι(1440), yieldingΓ(γγ)→i(1440))·BR(i(1440)→K\(\bar K\)π<2.2 keV at 95% C.L.
Data read from graph.. Corrected for the angular distribution, which is assumed to be sin(theta)**4 for W > 1.14 GeV and isotropic in the first bin.
Data read from graph.
Jet properties ine+e− annihilation at center of mass energies of 14, 22, 35 and 43.7 GeV were studied with the data collected in the TASSO detector at PETRA, using the same evaluation procedures for all the energies. The total hadronic cross section ratio for the center of mass energy interval 39–47 GeV was determined to be ℛ=4.11±0.05 (stat)±0.18(syst.) at\(\langle \sqrt s \rangle= 43 - 7\) GeV. Corrected distributions of global shape variables are presented as well as the inclusive charged particle distributions for scaled momentum and transverse momentum. The center of mass energy evolution of the average sphericity, thrust, aplanarity and particle momentum is shown.
R values. First systematic error comes from selection cuts and Monte Carlo, the second from the luminosity measurement and missing terms in the radiative correction calculations.
Normalised scaled momentum distributions. Data have combined statistical and systematic errors. These data superceded previous TASSO data (ZP C22 (84) 307 (<a href=http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/scripts/reacsearch.csh/TESTREAC/red+1279> RED = 1279 </a>)).
Normalised scaled momentum distributions. Data have combined statistical and systematic errors. The binning is as used in fits in the paper. These data superceded previous TASSO data (ZP C22 (84) 307 (<a href=http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/scripts/reacsearch.csh/TESTREAC/red+1279> RED = 1279 </a>)).
We present an analysis of electroweak leptonic couplings from high statistics experiments on Bhabha scattering and μ pair production at an energy of 34.5 GeV. The forward-backward charge asymmetry of the μ pairs was measured to be −0.098±0.023±0.005. The data were found to agree well with the standard theory of electroweak interaction giving sin2θW=0.27±0.07. The leptonic weak couplings were determined to begv=0.000±0.170 andgA=−0.481±0.055. The data were also used to investigate a class of composite models for leptons.
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Data on jet masses, resulting from the decomposition ofe+e− hadronic final states into two hemispheres, are presented at centre of mass energies between 12 and 43.5 GeV. Comparisons are made with bareO(αs2) QCD predictions as well as with QCD based fragmentation models. Values for αs and\(\Lambda _{\overline {MS} } \) are determined, both with and without hadronization effects included. Upper and lower limits for\(\Lambda _{\overline {MS} } \) independent of fragmentation models have been determined to be 0.480±0.025 GeV and 0.047±0.007 GeV respectively.
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The process γγ→π+π−π+π− has been investigated in reactions of the typee+e−→e+e−π+π−π+π− in the single tag mode. The range of the four momentum squared of one of the virtual photons was 0.28 GeV2/c2≦Q2≦3.6 GeV2/c2, the average being 〈Q2〉=0.92 GeV2/c2; the other photon was quasi real. The reaction is mainly described by the channels γγ→ρ0ρ0 and γγ→4π (phase space), occuring with about equal probability. TheQ2-dependence of the cross section is in agreement with the ρ form factor.
Data read from graph.. Additional overall systematic error 25%.
Data read from graph.. Additional overall systematic error 25%.. The Q**2 approx 0 datum is deduced from the earlier TASSO paper, Brandelik et al, Phys. Lett. 97B(1980)448, (<a href=http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/scripts/reacsearch.csh/TESTREAC/red+1151> RED = 1151 </a>) on rho0 rho0 production.
The full TASSO data have been used to study the inclusive production of strange mesons ine+e− annihilations. Differential and total cross sections have been measured in the centre of mass energy range 14 to 44 GeV forK0,\(\bar K^0\) and 34.5 to 44 GeV forK*± (892). We have investigated the strange meson production properties in jets by studying the rapidity andpt2 distributions as well as the evolution of the multiplicities as a function of the event sphericity. We find no evidence that the strange meson yields increase with increasing sphericity faster than the total charged multiplicity.
Scaled differential cross sections for K0 production. Errors are statistical and systematic combined.
Scaled differential cross section for K0 production. Errors are statistical and systematic combined.
Scaled differential cross section for K0 production. Errors are statistical and systematic combined.
Production of charmed mesons in γγ-interactions at PETRA energies has been observed in the TASSO detector. Cross sections for inclusiveD*± and\(D^0 \bar D^0 \) production have been measured. Neutral and charged meson pairs are estimated to be produced with comparable cross sections, and their sum seems to account for a sizeable fraction of σtot(γγ→hadrons) near the\(c\bar c\) threshold.
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Statistical error only.
Exclusive production of proton-antiproton pairs by two photon scattering at CM energies between 2.0 GeV and 3.1 GeV has been measured with the TASSO detector at the e + e − storage ring PETRA. The angular distribution is flat within the accepted CM angular range | cos Θ ∗ |⩽0.7 . The integrated cross section (| cos Θ ∗ |⩽0.6) drops from about 4 nb at 2 GeV to less than 0.5 nb above 3 GeV. For the two-photon production of the η c (2984) and its subsequent decay into proton-antiproton the upper limit Γ(η c →γγ)· B (η c → p p )<0.32 keV (95% CL) is found.
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UPPER LIMIT FOR THE PRODUCT OF THE ETA/C --> GAMMA GAMMA WIDTH AND THE BRANCHING RATIO OF ETA/C --> P AP IS DETERMINED TO BE 0.32 KEV WITH 90 PCT CL.
We present data on energy-energy correlations (EEC) and their related asymmetry (AEEC) ine+e− annihilation in the centre of mass energy range 12<W≦46.8 GeV. The energy and angular dependence of the EEC in the central region is well described byOαs2 QCD plus a fragmentation term proportional to\({1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt s }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt s }}\). BareO(α)s2 QCD reproduces our data for the large angle region of the AEEC. Nonperturbative effects for the latter are estimated with the help of fragmentation models. From various analyses using different approximations, we find that values for\(\Lambda _{\overline {MS} } \) in the range 0.1–0.3 GeV give a good description of the data. We also compare analytical calculations in QCD for the EEC in the back-to-back region to our data. The theoretical predictions describe well both the angular and energy dependence of the data in the back-to-back region.
Correlation function binned in cos(chi).
Correlation function binned in cos(chi).
Correlation function binned in cos(chi).
We report on a study of inclusive production ofD*± mesons ine+e− annihilation at c.m. energies between 28 and 46.8 GeV using the TASSO detector at the PETRA storage ring. A hardD*± energy spectrum is measured with a maximum nearED*±≃0.6Ebeam. The measured cross section ratio\((\sigma _{D^{* + } }+ \sigma _{D^{* - } } )/\sigma _{\mu \mu }= 1.28 \pm 0.09 \pm 0.18\) indicates thatD* production accounts for a large fraction of the observed charm production. Two complementary methods have been used to determine the forward-backward asymmetry of charm pair production due to electroweak interference. Combining both measurements the product of the axial vector couplings of the electron and the charm quark to the weak neutral current was determined to begAegAc=−(0.276±0.073), in agreement with the standard model prediction of −0.25. Using a sample of reconstructedD*± mesons, the relative strength of the strong interaction coupling of thec quark compared to that of an average of all flavours is measured as αs(c)/αs(all)=0.91±0.38±0.15, consistent with the coupling constant being flavour independent. An update of ourD0 lifetime measurement is presented, based on a considerable increase in statistics, the final result being\(\tau _{D^0= } (4.8 \pm _{0.9 - 0.7}^{1.0 + 0.5} )10^{ - 13} s\).
Cross sections using D0 --> K- PI+ channel.
Cross sections using D0 --> K- PI+ PI- PI+ channel.
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The production of strange baryons ine+e− annihilation has been studied at centre of mass energies of 34.8 GeV and 42.1 GeV, using the TASSO detector at DESY. Inclusive cross-sections have been obtained forΛ0 andΞ− production and an upper limit has been placed upon the production rate of Σ*±(1385). We measure theΛ0 multiplicity per event to be\(\begin{gathered}\hfill \\0.218_{ - 0.011}^{ + 0.011}\pm 0.021 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \) and\(0.256_{ - 0.029}^{ + 0.030}\pm 0.025\) at\(\sqrt s=34.8\) and 42.1 GeV respectively. The Ξ− multiplicity per event is found to be\(0.014_{ - 0.003}^{ + 0.003}\pm 0.004\) at\(\sqrt s=34.8 GeV\). An investigation has been made of the extent to whichΛ0 are produced in pairs. TheΛ0 cross-section has been studied as a function of event sphericity.
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Production of the p p π + π − final state by two-photon scattering was observed. The cross section for γγ→p p π + π − was determined assuming phase space production. No evidence was found for the production or formation of resonances. Upper limits are given for Λ and Δ pair production, for production of p p ϱ 0 and for the two-photon excitation of c c bound states.
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Hadron jets produced in e + e − annihilation between 13 GeV and 31.6 GeV in c.m. at PETRA are analyzed. The transverse momentum of the jets is found to increase strongly with c.m. energy. The broadening of the jets is not uniform in azimuthal angle around the quark direction but tends to yield planar events with large and growing transverse momenta in the plane and smaller transverse momenta normal to the plane. The simple q q collinear jet picture is ruled out. The observation of planar events shows that there are three basic particles in the final state. Indeed, several events with three well-separated jets of hadrons are observed at the highest energies. This occurs naturally when the outgoing quark radiates a hard noncollinear gluon, i.e., e + e − → q q g with the quarks and the gluons fragmenting into hadrons with limited transverse momenta.
NORMALIZED TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO THE SPHERICITY AXIS AT 13, 17, AND 27.4 TO 31.6 GEV.
We report on high statistics Bhabha scattering data taken with the TASSO experiment at PETRA at center of mass energies from 12 GeV to 46.8 GeV. We present an analysis in terms of electroweak parameters of the standard model, give limits on QED cut-off parameters and look for possible signs of compositeness.
Axis error includes +- 1/1 contribution (The overall uncertainty in the bin-to-bin polar acceptance due to shower corrections, trigger and reconstruction efficiencies was estimated to be less than 1% and was added in quadrature to the statistical errorsData have been corrected for qed radiative effects up to order alpha**3 (F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss, Nucl.Phys.B206(1983)61)//Weak radiative corrections have not yet been provided in a form of a Monte Carlo generator program, but are estimated to be negligible at PETRA energies (M.Bohm, A.Denner, W.Hollik, DESY-86-165)).
Axis error includes +- 1/1 contribution (The overall uncertainty in the bin-to-bin polar acceptance due to shower corrections, trigger and reconstruction efficiencies was estimated to be less than 1% and was added in quadrature to the statistical errorsData have been corrected for qed radiative effects up to order alpha**3 (F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss, Nucl.Phys.B206(1983)61)//Weak radiative corrections have not yet been provided in a form of a Monte Carlo generator program, but are estimated to be negligible at PETRA energies (M.Bohm, A.Denner, W.Hollik, DESY-86-165)).
Axis error includes +- 1/1 contribution (The overall uncertainty in the bin-to-bin polar acceptance due to shower corrections, trigger and reconstruction efficiencies was estimated to be less than 1% and was added in quadrature to the statistical errorsData have been corrected for qed radiative effects up to order alpha**3 (F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss, Nucl.Phys.B206(1983)61)//Weak radiative corrections have not yet been provided in a form of a Monte Carlo generator program, but are estimated to be negligible at PETRA energies (M.Bohm, A.Denner, W.Hollik, DESY-86-165)).
We present the general properties of jets produced bye+e− annihilation. Their production and fragmentation characteristics have been studied with charged particles for c.m. energies between 12 and 43 GeV. In this energy rangee+e− annihilation into hadrons is dominated by pair production of the five quarksu, d, s, c andb. In addition, hard gluon bremsstrahlung effects which are invisible at low energies become prominent at the high energies. The observed multiplicity distributions deviate from a Poisson distribution. The multiplicity distributions for the overall event as well as for each event hemisphere satisfy KNO scaling to within ∼20%. The distributions ofxp=2p/W are presented; scale breaking is observed at the level of 25%. The quantityxpdδ/dxp is compared with multigluon emission calculations which predict a Gaussian distribution in terms of ln(1/x). The observed energy dependence of the maximum of the distributions is in qualitative agreement with the calculations. Particle production is analysed with respect to the jet axis and longitudinal and transverse momentum spectra are presented. The angular distribution of the jet axis strongly supports the idea of predominant spin 1/2 quark pair production. The particle distributions with respect to the event plane show clearly the growing importance of planar events with increasing c.m. energies. They also exclude the presence of heavy quark production,e+e−→Q\(\bar Q\) for quark masses up to 5<mQ<20.3 GeV (|eQ|=2/3) and 7<mQ<19 GeV (|eQ|=1/3). The comparison of 1/σtotdδ/dpT measured at 14, 22 and 34 GeV suggests that hard gluon bremsstrahlung contributes mainly to transverse momenta larger than 0.5 GeV/c. The rapidity distribution forW≧22 GeV shows an enhancement away fromy=0 which corresponds to an increase in yield of 10–15% compared to the centre region (y=0). The enhancement probably results from heavy quark production and gluon bremsstrahlung. The particle flux around the jet axis shows with increasing c.m. energy a rapidly growing number of particles collimated around the jet axis, while at large angles to the jet axis almost noW dependence is observed. For fixed longitudinal momentump‖ approximate “fan invariance” is seen: The shape of the angular distribution around the jet axis is almost independent ofW. The collimation depends strongly onp‖. For smallp‖,p‖<0.2 GeV/c, isotropy is observed. With increasingp‖ the particles tend to be emitted closer and closer to the jet axis.
R VALUES BELOW 32.5 GEV ARE IDENTICAL TO THOSE GIVEN IN BRANDELIK ET AL., PL 113B, 499 (1982).
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CHARGED PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS.
Hadron production by e + e − annihilation has been studied for c.m. energies W between 13 and 31.6 GeV. As a function of 1n W the charged particle multiplicity grows faster at high energy than at lower energies. This is correlated with a rise in the plateau of the rapidity distribution. The cross section s d σ /d x is found to scale within ±30% for x > 0.2 and 5 ⩽ W ⩽ 31.6 GeV.
CHARGED PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES.
RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTION.
RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTION.
The scale cross section s d σ d x p for inclusive charged-particle production in e + e − annihilation has been studied for c.m. energies W between 12.0 and 36.7 GeV. Scale breaking is observed. For x p >0.2 the cross section decreases by ≈20% when W increases from 14 to 35 GeV. The production angular distribution was used to separate the longitudinal and transverse cross-section contributions and to determine the ratio of the structure functions m W 1 and v W 2 .
DATA FROM TABLE 1A IN PREPRINT DESY-82-013.
DATA FROM TABLE 1B IN PREPRINT DESY-82-013.
DATA FROM TABLE 1C IN PREPRINT DESY-82-013. TOTAL CROSS SECTION TAKEN FROM EARLIER TASSO MEASUREMENTS, PL 113B, 499. NORMALIZED CROSS SECTION IS NOT SUBJECT TO THE 4.5 PCT NORMALIZATION ERROR AND A POSSIBLE 2-3 PCT CONTRIBUTION FROM THE WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENT IS TAKEN CARE OF.
Results onK0 and Λ production ine+e− annihilation at c.m. energies of 14, 22 and 34 GeV are presented. The shape of theK0 and Λ differential cross sections are very similar to each other and to those of π±,K± and\(p(\bar p)\). Scaling violations are observed forK0 production. We obtain a value for the probability to produce strange quark-antiquark pairs relative to that to produce up or down quark-antiquark pairs of 0.35±0.02±0.05. The value ofRh=σ(e+e-→hX)/σµµ is shown to rise steadily with c.m. energy for all particle species. At 34 GeV we find 1.48±0.05K0 and 0.31±0.03 Λ per event. We have searched for possible Λ polarization. The production ofK0's and Λ's in jets is examined as a function ofpT2 and rapidity and compared to that of all charged particles; the yields in two and three jets are also investigated. Results are presented from events with two baryons\((\Lambda ,\bar \Lambda ,por\bar p)\) observed.
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We have observed e + e − hadrons at C.M. energies of 13 GeV and 17 GeV at PETRA using the TASSO detector. We find R (13 GeV) = 5.6 ± 0.7 and R (17 GeV) = 4.0 ± 0.7. The additional systematic uncertainty is 20%. Comparing inclusive charged hadron spectra we observe scaling between 5 GeV and 17 GeV for x = p / p beam > 0.2; however the 13 GeV cross section is above the 17 GeV cross section for smaller x . This may be due to copious bb̄ production. The events become increasingly jet like at high energies as evidenced by a shrinking sphericity distribution with increasing energy.
TAU HEAVY LEPTON CONTRIBUTION SUBTRACTED.
We have analyzed 1113 events of the reaction e + e − → hadrons at CM energies of 12 and 30 GeV in order to make a detailed comparison with QCD. Perturbative effects can be well separated from effects depending on the quark and gluon fragmentation parameters to yield a reliable measurement of the coupling constant α S . At 30 GeV, the result is α S = 0.17 ± 0.02 (statistical) ± 0.03 (systematic). QCD model predictions, using the fragmentation parameters determined along with α S , agree with both gross properties of the final states and with detailed features of the three-jet states.
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Production of pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons has been studied in e + e − annihilations at 12 and 30 GeV centre of mass energy using time of flight techniques. The fractional yield of charged kaons and baryons appears to rise with outgoing particle momentum. At our highest energy at least 40% of e + e − annihilations into hadrons are estimated to contain baryons.
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The full TASSO data have been used to study the orientation of three-jet events ine+e− annihilation. The polar angle distributions of the normal to the three-jet plane as well as the polar angle distribution of the most energetic jet have been measured as a function of the thrust cut-off used to select the three-jet sample. The data corrected for radiation and detector effects are compared to QCD predictions and fair agreement is found. As a consistency check we also present measurements of the azimuthal correlations between the lepton and hadron planes. A significant azimuthal dependence is found, consistent again with the QCD predictions.
We have measured the processe+e−→e+e−+hadrons, where one of the scattered electrons was detected at large angles, withQ2 ranging from 7 to 70 (VeV/c)2. The photon structure functionF2γ(x, Q2) was determined at an averageQ2 of 23 (GeV/c)2. The measurements were compared to theoretical predictions of the Quark Parton Model and Quantum Chromodynamics. In both models a hadronic part was added. Within the errors the data are in agreement with the QPM using quark masses of 300 MeV/c2 for the light quarks. The data also agree with a QCD calculation including higher order corrections. A fit yielded a\(\Lambda _{\overline {MS} } \) value of 140−65+190 MeV, where the errors include statistical and systematic uncertainties.
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