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Structure of the Proton

Chambers, E.E. ; Hofstadter, R. ;

Phys.Rev. 103 (1956) 1454-1463, 1956.

Inspire Record 945003 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.26939

The structure and size of the proton have been studied by means of high-energy electron scattering. The elastic scattering of electrons from protons in polyethylene has been investigated at the following energies in the laboratory system: 200, 300, 400, 500, and 550 Mev. The range of laboratory angles examined has been 30° to 135°. At the largest angles and the highest energy, the cross section for scattering shows a deviation below that expected from a point proton by a factor of about nine. The magnitude and variation with angle of the deviations determine a structure factor for the proton, and thereby determine the size and shape of the charge and magnetic-moment distributions within the proton. An interpretation, consistent at all energies and angles and agreeing with earlier results from this laboratory, fixes the rms radius at (0.77±0.10) ×10−13 cm for each of the charge and moment distributions. The shape of the density function is not far from a Gaussian with rms radius 0.70×10−13 cm or an exponential with rms radius 0.80×10−13 cm. An equivalent interpretation of the experiments would ascribe the apparent size to a breakdown of the Coulomb law and the conventional theory of electromagnetism.

1 data table match query

Table 1

In the experiment just relative cross sections were measured. The absolute values were ascribed at each energy after multiplying experimental data by a co nstant factor to obtain the best fit with theory assuming the diffuse proton model with charge and magnetic moment rms radii 0.08 fm.. The values in the table are extracted from the graphs (see figs. 6 - 9) byZOV.

First measurement of the left-right cross-section asymmetry in Z boson production by e+ e- collisions

The SLD collaboration Abe, K. ; Abt, I. ; Acton, P.D. ; et al.

Phys.Rev.Lett. 70 (1993) 2515-2520, 1993.

Inspire Record 352667 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.19765

We present the first measurement of the left-right cross section asymmetry (ALR) for Z boson production by e+e− collisions. The measurement was performed at a center-of-mass energy of 91.55 GeV with the SLD detector at the SLAC Linear Collider which utilized a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The average beam polarization was (22.4±0.6)%. Using a sample of 10 224 Z decays, we measure ALR to be 0.100±0.044(stat)±0.004(syst), which determines the effective weak mixing angle to be sin2θWeff=0.2378 ±0.0056(stat)±0.0005(syst).

2 data tables match query

Table 1

R and L refer to Right and Left handed beam polarization.

Table 2

Effective weak mixing angle.

Measurements of |V(cb)|, form factors and branching fractions in the decays anti-B0 --> D*+ l- anti-nu/l and anti-B0 --> D+ l- anti-nu/l.

The ALEPH collaboration Buskulic, D. ; De Bonis, I. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Phys.Lett.B 395 (1997) 373-387, 1997.

Inspire Record 425943 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.34082

Two samples of exclusive semileptonic decays, 579 B 0 → D ∗+ ℓ − ν ℓ events and 261 B 0 → D + ℓ − ν ℓ events, are selected from approximately 3.9 million hadronic Z decays collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP. From the reconstructed differential decay rate of each sample, the product of the hadronic form factor F (ω) at zero recoil of the D (∗)+ meson and the CKM matrix element | V cb | are measured to be F D ∗+ (1)|V cb | = (31.9 ± 1.8 stat ± 1.9 syst ) × 10 −3 , F D + (1)| V cb | = (27.8 ± 6.8 stat ± 6.5 syst ) × 10 −3 . The ratio of the form factors F D + (1) and F D ∗+ (1) is measured to be F D + (1) F D ∗+ (1) = 0.87 ± 0.22 stat ± 0.21 syst . A value of | V cb | is extracted from the two samples, using theoretical constraints on the slope and curvature of the hadronic form factors and their normalization at zero recoil, with the result | V cb | = (34.4 ± 1.6 stat ± 2.3 syst ± 1.4 th ) × 10 −3 . The branching fractions are measured from the two integrated spectra to be Br ( B 0 → D ∗+ ℓ − ν ℓ ) = (5.53 ± 0.26 stat ±0.52 syst ) %, Br ( B 0 → D ∗+ ℓ − ν ℓ ) = (2.35 ± 0.20 stat ± 0.44 syst ) %.

3 data tables match query

Table 1

The formfactors are evaluated at zero recoil of D meson. Two different methods are used (see text for details). VCB is the KCM matrix element. The formfactor fitted to dependence: FF(OM) = FF(1)*(1-CONST*(OM-1)).

Table 2

VCB is the KCM matrix element.

Table 3

VCB is the KCM matrix element.

A measurement of the QCD colour factors and a limit on the light gluino.

The ALEPH collaboration Barate, R. ; Buskulic, D. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Z.Phys.C 76 (1997) 1-14, 1997.

Inspire Record 440051 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.34162

Using data collected from 1992 to 1995 with the ALEPH detector at LEP, a measurement of the colour factor ratios CA/CF and TF /CF and the strong coupling constant αs = CFαs(MZ)/(2π) has been performed by fitting theoretical predictions simultaneously to the measured differential two-jet rate and angular distributions in four-jet events. The result is found to be in excellent agreement with QCD, {fx4-1} Fixing CA/CF and TF/CF to the QCD values permits a determination of αs(MZ) and ηf, the number of active flavours. With this measurement the existence of a gluino with mass below 6.3 GeV/c2 is excluded at 95% confidence level.

3 data tables match query

Table 1

Fit A: using all kinematical distributions. NC, CF, and TF are the color factors for SU(3) group, NF is the number of the active flavors.

Table 2

Fit B: using all kinematical distributions, but QCD magnitudes for color factors are used: FA(DEF=NC/CF)) = 2.25 and TF/CF = 0.375. NC, CF, and TF are the color factors for SU(3) group, NF is the number of the active flavors.

Table 3

Fit C: the QCD magnitudes for color factors and NF = 5 are used.

Four-fermion production in e+ e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 130-GeV and 136-GeV.

The ALEPH collaboration Buskulic, D. ; De Bonis, I. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Phys.Lett.B 388 (1996) 419-430, 1996.

Inspire Record 421550 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47766

Four-fermion events have been selected in a data sample of 5.8 pb −1 collected with the aleph detector at centre-of-mass energies of 130 and 136 GeV. The final states ℓ + ℓ − q q , ℓ + ℓ − ℓ + ℓ − , ν ν q q , and ν ν ℓ + ℓ − have been examined. Five events are observed in the data, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions of 6.67±0.38 events from four-fermion processes and 0.14 −0.05 +0.19 from background processes.

1 data table match query

Table 1

The statistical and systematic uncertainties have been combined in quadrature in the background expectations.

rivet Analysis
Measurement of Lambda polarization from Z decays

The ALEPH collaboration Buskulic, D. ; De Bonis, I. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Phys.Lett.B 374 (1996) 319-330, 1996.

Inspire Record 415745 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47830

The polarization of Λ baryons from Z decays is studied with the Aleph apparatus. Evidence of longitudinal polarization of s quarks from Z decay is observed for the first time. The measured longitudinal Λ polarization is P L Λ = −0.32 ± 0.07 for z = p p beam > 0.3 . This agrees with the prediction of −0.39 ± 0.08 from the standard model and the constituent quark model, where the error is due to uncertainties in the mechanism for Λ production. The observed Λ polarization is diluted with respect to the primary s quark polarization by Λ baryons without a primary s quark. Measurements of the Λ forward-backward asymmetry and of the correlation between back-to-back Λ Λ pairs are used to check this dilution. In addition the transverse Λ polarization is measured. An indication of transverse polarization, more than two standard deviations away from zero, is found along the normal to the plane defined by the thrust axis and the Λ direction.

3 data tables match query

Table 1

No description provided.

Table 2

No description provided.

Table 3

No description provided.

rivet Analysis
Inclusive production of neutral pions in hadronic Z decays.

The ALEPH collaboration Barate, R. ; Buskulic, D. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Z.Phys.C 74 (1997) 451-461, 1997.

Inspire Record 427131 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47655

A measurement of the inclusive production of π0 mesons in hadronic Z decays is presented and compared to Monte Carlo model predictions. The analysis is based on approximately 2 million hadronic events recorded with the ALEPH detector at LEP at a centre-of-mass energy of ⊡s = 91.2 GeV. Neutral pions are reconstructed using photons measured in the electromagnetic calorimeter and photons from conversion pairs. The inclusive π0 momentum spectrum is measured in the range 0.025 < xp = p/pbeam < 1. In this range the number of π0 per hadronic Z is found to be 4.80 ± 0.07(stat) ± 0.31(sys). The differential inclusive π0 cross section is also measured as a function of transverse momentum with respect to the event plane (pTin and pTout).

4 data tables match query

Table 1

PI0 multiplicity and cross sections for events with two converted photons.

Table 2

PI0 multiplicity and cross sections for events with only one converted photon. Final data point for full x range uses jetset 7.4 monte carlo extrapolation prediction.

Table 3

PI0 cross sections as a function of the transverse momentum PTOUT relative to the plane defined by the sphericity tensor.

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Determination of sin**2 theta(w)(eff) using jet charge measurements in hadronic Z decays

The ALEPH collaboration Buskulic, D. ; De Bonis, I. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Z.Phys.C 71 (1996) 357-378, 1996.

Inspire Record 416137 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47832

None

1 data table match query

Table 1

The first sytematic error is due to the experimental uncertainties, whilst the second is due to the uncertainties in the quark charge separations.

Measurement of hadron and lepton pair production from e+ e- annihilation at center-of-mass energies of 130-GeV and 136-GeV

The ALEPH collaboration Buskulic, D. ; De Bonis, I. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.

Phys.Lett.B 378 (1996) 373-384, 1996.

Inspire Record 421552 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47801

Hadronic and leptonic cross-sections and forward-backward asymmetries are measured using 5.7 pb −1 of data taken with the ALEPH detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies of 130 and 136 GeV. The results agree with Standard Model expectations. The measurement of hadronic cross-sections far away from the Z resonance improves the determination of the interference between photon and Z exchange. Constraints on models with extra Z bosons are presented.

12 data tables match query

Table 1

Data with loose SPRIME cut.

Table 2

Data with tight SPRIME cut.

Table 3

Data with loose SPRIME cut.