Studies of hadronic event structure in e+ e- annihilation from 30-GeV to 209-GeV with the L3 detector

The L3 collaboration Achard, P. ; Adriani, O. ; Aguilar-Benitez, M. ; et al.
Phys.Rept. 399 (2004) 71-174, 2004.
Inspire Record 652683 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.54900

In this Report, QCD results obtained from a study of hadronic event structure in high energy e^+e^- interactions with the L3 detector are presented. The operation of the LEP collider at many different collision energies from 91 GeV to 209 GeV offers a unique opportunity to test QCD by measuring the energy dependence of different observables. The main results concern the measurement of the strong coupling constant, \alpha_s, from hadronic event shapes and the study of effects of soft gluon coherence through charged particle multiplicity and momentum distributions.

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Jet fractions using the JADE algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter YCUT at c.m. energy 130.1 GeV.

Jet fractions using the JADE algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter YCUT at c.m. energy 136.1 GeV.

Jet fractions using the JADE algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter YCUT at c.m. energy 161.3 GeV.

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Angular analysis of $B^0 \to K^\ast(892)^0 \ell^+ \ell^-$

The Belle collaboration Abdesselam, A. ; Adachi, I. ; Adamczyk, K. ; et al.
BELLE-CONF-1603, 2016.
Inspire Record 1446979 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.72558

We present a measurement of angular observables, $P_4'$, $P_5'$, $P_6'$, $P_8'$, in the decay $B^0 \to K^\ast(892)^0 \ell^+ \ell^-$, where $\ell^+\ell^-$ is either $e^+e^-$ or $\mu^+\mu^-$. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $711~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ containing $772\times 10^{6}$ $B\bar B$ pairs, collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider KEKB. Four angular observables, $P_{4,5,6,8}'$ are extracted in five bins of the invariant mass squared of the lepton system, $q^2$. We compare our results for $P_{4,5,6,8}'$ with Standard Model predictions including the $q^2$ region in which the LHCb collaboration reported the so-called $P_5'$ anomaly.

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Results of the angular analysis of $B^0 \to K^\ast(892)^0 \ell^+ \ell^-$ (where $\ell = e,\mu$) in five bins of $q^2$, the di-lepton invariant mass squared.


Measurements of the structure of quark and gluon jets in hadronic Z decays.

The ALEPH collaboration Barate, R. ; Buskulic, D. ; Decamp, D. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 17 (2000) 1-18, 2000.
Inspire Record 467225 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49549

An experimental investigation of the structure of identified quark and gluon jets is presented. Observables related to both the global and internal structure of jets are measured; this allows for test

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The measured jet broadening distributions (B) in quark and gluon jets seperately.

Measured distributions of -LN(Y2), where Y2 is the differential one-subjet rate, that is the value of the subjet scale parameter where 2 jets appear from the single jet.

The mean subjet multiplicity (-1) for gluon jets and quark jets for different values of the subject resolution parameter Y0.

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Version 2
A measurement of soft-drop jet observables in $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; Abbott, Dale Charles ; et al.
Phys.Rev.D 101 (2020) 052007, 2020.
Inspire Record 1772062 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.92073

Jet substructure quantities are measured using jets groomed with the soft-drop grooming procedure in dijet events from 32.9 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. These observables are sensitive to a wide range of QCD phenomena. Some observables, such as the jet mass and opening angle between the two subjets which pass the soft-drop condition, can be described by a high-order (resummed) series in the strong coupling constant $\alpha_S$. Other observables, such as the momentum sharing between the two subjets, are nearly independent of $\alpha_S$. These observables can be constructed using all interacting particles or using only charged particles reconstructed in the inner tracking detectors. Track-based versions of these observables are not collinear safe, but are measured more precisely, and universal non-perturbative functions can absorb the collinear singularities. The unfolded data are directly compared with QCD calculations and hadron-level Monte Carlo simulations. The measurements are performed in different pseudorapidity regions, which are then used to extract quark and gluon jet shapes using the predicted quark and gluon fractions in each region. All of the parton shower and analytical calculations provide an excellent description of the data in most regions of phase space.

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Data from Fig 6a. The unfolded all-particle $log_{10}(\rho^2)$ distribution for anti-kt R=0.8 jets with $p_T$ > 300 GeV, after the soft drop algorithm is applied for $\beta$ = 0, in data. All uncertainties described in the text are shown on the data. The distributions are normalized to the integrated cross section, $\sigma$(resum), measured in the resummation region, $-3.7 < log_{10}(\rho^2) < -1.7$.

Data from Fig 6a. The unfolded all-particle $log_{10}(\rho^2)$ distribution for anti-kt R=0.8 jets with $p_T$ > 300 GeV, after the soft drop algorithm is applied for $\beta$ = 0, in data. All uncertainties described in the text are shown on the data. The distributions are normalized to the integrated cross section, $\sigma$(resum), measured in the resummation region, $-3.7 < log_{10}(\rho^2) < -1.7$.

Data from Fig 6b. The unfolded charged-particle $log_{10}(\rho^2)$ distribution for anti-kt R=0.8 jets with $p_T$ > 300 GeV, after the soft drop algorithm is applied for $\beta$ = 0, in data. All uncertainties described in the text are shown on the data. The distributions are normalized to the integrated cross section, $\sigma$(resum), measured in the resummation region, $-3.7 < log_{10}(\rho^2) < -1.7$.

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Angular analysis of the $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay

The LHCb collaboration Aaij, Roel ; Abellán Beteta, Carlos ; Adeva, Bernardo ; et al.
JHEP 02 (2016) 104, 2016.
Inspire Record 1409497 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.74247

An angular analysis of the $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}(\rightarrow K^{+}\pi^{-})\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay is presented. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\,{\mbox{fb}^{-1}}$ of $pp$ collision data collected at the LHCb experiment. The complete angular information from the decay is used to determine $C\!P$-averaged observables and $C\!P$ asymmetries, taking account of possible contamination from decays with the $K^{+}\pi^{-}$ system in an S-wave configuration. The angular observables and their correlations are reported in bins of $q^2$, the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system. The observables are determined both from an unbinned maximum likelihood fit and by using the principal moments of the angular distribution. In addition, by fitting for $q^2$-dependent decay amplitudes in the region $1.1<q^{2}<6.0\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}^{2}/c^{4}$, the zero-crossing points of several angular observables are computed. A global fit is performed to the complete set of $C\!P$-averaged observables obtained from the maximum likelihood fit. This fit indicates differences with predictions based on the Standard Model at the level of 3.4 standard deviations. These differences could be explained by contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, or by an unexpectedly large hadronic effect that is not accounted for in the Standard Model predictions.

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CP-averaged angular observables evaluated by the unbinned maximum likelihood fit.

CP-averaged angular observables evaluated by the unbinned maximum likelihood fit. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

CP-asymmetric angular observables evaluated by the unbinned maximum likelihood fit. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

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Double tag events in two photon collisions at LEP

The L3 collaboration Achard, P. ; Adriani, O. ; Aguilar-Benitez, M. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 531 (2002) 39-51, 2002.
Inspire Record 565440 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49820

Double-tag events in two-photon collisions are studied using the L3 detector at LEP centre-of-mass energies from root(s)=189 GeV to 209 GeV. The cross sections of the e+e- -> e+e- hadrons and gamma*gamma* -> hadrons processes are measured as a function of the photon virtualities, Q1^2 and Q2^2, of the two-photon mass, W_gammagamma, and of the variable Y=ln(W_gammagamma^2/(Q1 Q2)), for an average photon virtuality &lt;Q2> = 16 GeV2. The results are in agreement with next-to-leading order calculations for the process gamma*gamma* -> q qbar in the interval 2 &lt;= Y &lt;= 5. An excess is observed in the interval 5 &lt; Y &lt;= 7, corresponding to W_gammagamma greater than 40 GeV . This may be interpreted as a sign of resolved photon QCD processes or the onset of BFKL phenomena.

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Differential cross section as a function of the photon virtualities Qi**2. Here Q1 is the virtuality w.r.t the electron vertex, and Q2 w.r.t the positron vertex. Data are given both before and after radiative corrections.

Differential cross section as a function of W, the invariant mas of the virtual GAMMA*GAMMA* system. Data are given both before and after radiative corrections.

Differential cross section as a function of the variable LN(W**2/Q1*Q2). Data are given both before and after radiative corrections.

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Determination of alpha(s) from hadronic event shapes in e+ e- annihilation at 192-GeV <= s**(1/2) <= 208-GeV

The L3 collaboration Achard, P. ; Adriani, O. ; Aguilar-Benitez, M. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 536 (2002) 217-228, 2002.
Inspire Record 586115 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49741

Results are presented from a study of the structure of high energy hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at sqrt(s)>192 GeV. The distributions of several event shape variables are compared to resummed O(alphaS^2) QCD calculations. We determine the strong coupling constant at three average centre-of-mass energies: 194.4, 200.2 and 206.2 GeV. These measurements, combined with previous L3 measurements at lower energies, demonstrate the running of alphaS as expected in QCD and yield alphaS(mZ) = 0.1227 +- 0.0012 +- 0.0058, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is theoretical.

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The measured ALPHA_S at three centre-of-mass energies from fits to the individual event shape distributions. The first error is statistcal, the first DSYS error is the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the second DSYS error is the theoryuncertainty.

Updated ALPHA_S measurements from the BT, BW and C-Parameter distributions,from earlier L3 data at lower centre-of-mass energies.. The first error is the total experimental error (stat+sys in quadrature) and the DSYS error is the theory uncertainty.

Combined ALPHA_S values from the five event shape variables. The first error is statistical, the first DSYS error is the experimental systematic uncertainity, the second DSYS error is the uncertainty from the hadronisdation models, andthethird DSYS errpr is the uncertainty due to uncalculated higher orders in the QCDpredictions.

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Measurement of charged-particle multiplicity distributions and their H(q) moments in hadronic Z decays at LEP

The L3 collaboration Achard, P. ; Adriani, O. ; Aguilar-Benitez, M. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 577 (2003) 109-119, 2003.
Inspire Record 565148 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49796

The charged-particle multiplicity distribution is measured for all hadronic events as well as for light-quark and b-quark events produced in e+e- collisions at the Z pole. Moments of the charged-particle multiplicity distributions are calculated. The H moments of the multiplicity distributions are studied, and their quasi-oscillations as a function of the rank of the moment are investigated.

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Moments of the charged particle multiplicity distribution with KOS and LAMBDA decay for all events.

Moments of the charged particle multiplicity distribution without KOS and LAMBDA decay for all events.

Moments of the charged particle multiplicity distribution with KOS and LAMBDA decay for light quark events.

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Inclusive pi0 and K0(S) production in two photon collisions at LEP

The L3 collaboration Achard, P. ; Adriani, O. ; Aguilar-Benitez, M. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 524 (2002) 44-54, 2002.
Inspire Record 563335 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49800

The reactions ee->ee+pi0+X and ee->ee+K0s+X are studied using data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV. Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the particle transverse momentum pt and the pseudo-rapidity. For pt &lt; 1.5 GeV, the pi0 and K0s differential cross sections are described by an exponential, typical of soft hadronic processes. For pt > 1.5 GeV, the cross sections show the presence of perturbative QCD processes, described by a power-law. The data are compared to Monte Carlo predictions and to NLO QCD calculations.

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The PI0 differential cross section as a function of PT.

The PI0 differential cross section as a function of pseudorapidity.

The K0S differential cross section as a function of PT.

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Measurement of $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)$ via Initial State Radiation at Belle

The Belle collaboration Wang, X.L. ; Yuan, C.Z. ; Shen, C.P. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.D 91 (2015) 112007, 2015.
Inspire Record 1324785 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.71501

We report measurement of the cross section of $e^+e^-\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)$ between 4.0 and $5.5 {\rm GeV}$, based on an analysis of initial state radiation events in a $980 \rm fb^{-1}$ data sample recorded with the Belle detector. The properties of the $Y(4360)$ and $Y(4660)$ states are determined. Fitting the mass spectrum of $\pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)$ with two coherent Breit-Wigner functions, we find two solutions with identical mass and width but different couplings to electron-positron pairs: $M_{Y(4360)} = (4347\pm 6\pm 3) {\rm MeV}/c^2$, $\Gamma_{Y(4360)} = (103\pm 9\pm 5) {\rm MeV}$, $M_{Y(4660)} = (4652\pm10\pm 8) {\rm MeV}/c^2$, $\Gamma_{Y(4660)} = (68\pm 11\pm 1) \rm MeV$; and ${\cal{B}}[Y(4360)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4360)}^{e^+e^-} = (10.9\pm 0.6\pm 0.7) \rm eV$ and ${\cal{B}}[Y(4660)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4660)}^{e^+e^-} = (8.1\pm 1.1\pm 0.5) \rm eV$ for one solution; or ${\cal{B}}[Y(4360)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4360)}^{e^+e^-} = (9.2\pm 0.6\pm 0.6) \rm eV$ and ${\cal{B}}[Y(4660)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4660)}^{e^+e^-} = (2.0\pm 0.3\pm 0.2) \rm eV$ for the other. Here, the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. Evidence for a charged charmoniumlike structure at $4.05 {\rm GeV}/c^2$ is observed in the $\pi^{\pm}\psi(2S)$ intermediate state in the $Y(4360)$ decays.

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Measured $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)$ cross section for center of mass energy ($E_{\rm cm}$) from 4.0 GeV/$c^2$ to 5.5 GeV/$c^2$. The errors are the sums of statistical errors of signal and background events and the systematic errors.