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FROM EXPONENTIAL FIT OF D(SIG)/D(T) IN RANGE 0. < ABS(T) < 1. GEV.
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In a single-arm spectrometer experiment, high-precision measurements of dσdt for π−p, K−p, and p¯p elastic scattering have been made at 8 and 16 GeV/c. The π−p data show rich structure at 8 GeV/c, indicative of strong non-Pomeron contributions, while the 16-GeV/c data are much smoother. For −t≳1 (GeV/c)2 there is a strong s dependence while there is very little for −t<1 (GeV/c)2. For p¯p scattering the forward region is smoothly diffractive for −t<0.4 (GeV/c)2 and shows antishrinkage. The exponential slope parameter b is measured to be 12.36 ± 0.04 (GeV/c)−2 at 8 GeV/c and 11.40 ± 0.04 (GeV/c)−2 at 16 GeV/c. The structure near −t=0.6 (GeV/c)2 seen at lower energies is still obvious at 16 GeV/c. The K−p data show some structure at 8 GeV/c, but can be represented adequately by a quadratic exponential form. At 16 GeV/c the K−p angular distribution shows antishrinkage and lies above the 8-GeV/c cross section for 0.11<−t<0.8 (GeV/c)2.
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Elastic diffraction scattering of π − , K − and p on protons has been measured at 25 and 40 GeV/c at the Serpukhov Proton Accelerator. Differential elastic cross sections and diffraction slopes are presented in the momentum-transfer interval 0.07–0.80 (GeV/ c ) 2 and compared with existing data at lower energies.
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Elastic scattering of 14.3 GeV/ c K − with protons has been analyzed in the | t | region between 0.005 and 0.550 (GeV/ c ) 2 . The ratio α between the real and the imaginary part of the elastic forward scattering amplitude is found to be α =+0.056 ± 0.052. The slope parameters A and B in the expression d σ /d| t | ∞ exp( At + Bt 2 ) are A = 8.47 ± 0.20 (GeV/ c ) −2 and B = 1.82 ± 0.52 (GeV/ c ) −4 .
Axis error includes +- 0.05/0.05 contribution.
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Results are presented of a bubble chamber experiment on K − p elastic scattering at 14.3 GeV/ c , in four-momentum transfer range 0.04 < | t | < 2.74 GeV 2 using an initial set of 40 000 events. The total elastic cross section is (2.96 ± 0.10) mb. The results are compared with K + p elastic scattering data at 13.8 GeV/ c , and the effective Regge trajectory is calculated using K − p data from 5 to 100 GeV/ c .
FOR -T < 0.04 GEV**2, CROSS SECTION WAS EXTRAPOLATED TO THE OPTICAL POINT WITH -0.055+-0.040 FOR THE REAL/IMAGINARY RATIO OF THE FORWARD AMPLITUDE.
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The differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of π+, π−, K+, K−, p, and p¯ on protons have been measured in the t interval -0.04 to -0.75 GeV2 at five momenta: 50, 70, 100, 140, and 175 GeV/c. The t distributions have been parametrized by the quadratic exponential form dσdt=Aexp(B|t|+C|t|2) and the energy dependence has been described in terms of a single-pole Regge model. The pp and K+p diffraction peaks are found to shrink with α′∼0.20 and ∼0.15 GeV−2, respectively. The p¯p diffraction peak is antishrinking while π±p and K−p are relatively energy-independent. Total elastic cross sections are calculated by integrating the differential cross sections. The rapid decline in σel observed at low energies has stopped and all six reactions approach relatively constant values of σel. The ratio of σelσtot approaches a constant value for all six reactions by 100 GeV, consistent with the predictions of the geometric-scaling hypothesis. This ratio is ∼0.18 for pp and p¯p, and ∼0.12-0.14 for π±p and K±p. A crossover is observed between K+p and K−p scattering at |t|∼0.19 GeV2, and between pp and p¯p at |t|∼0.11 GeV2. Inversion of the cross sections into impact-parameter space shows that protons are quite transparent to mesons even in head-on collisions. The probability for a meson to pass through a proton head-on without interaction inelastically is ∼20% while it is only ∼6% for an incident proton or antiproton. Finally, the results are compared with various quark-model predictions.
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Elastic scattering of hadrons on protons has been measured at momenta of 50, 100, and 200 GeV/c. The meson-proton scattering is found to be independent of momentum and meson type for −t>0.8 (GeV/c)2. The momentum dependence of the pp dip at −t=1.4 (GeV/c)2 was investigated. Slope parameters are given.
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Approximately 60 000 events have been collected in a spark chamber experiment at the CERN Proton Synchrotron which studied elastic diffraction scattering of π--p and p-p at incident momenta of 8.5, 12.4 and 18.4 GeV/c and of π+-p at 8.5 and 12.4 GeV/c. Magnetic analysis of the incoming and diffraction scattered particle, together with measurement of all angles, permitted each event to be determined as elastic subject to three constraints, so that the inelastic background was rejected with. high efficiency, even at the larger momentum, transfers. Much of the data have been processed by the CERN Automatic Flying-Spot DigitizerHPD. A detailed description of the experimental technique and of the methods of analysis is given. The results, together with data from lower energies, confirm the remarkable energy-independence of the shape of the pion-proton diffraction scattering peak up to |t| = 1.5 (GeV/c)2, wheret is the square of the four-momentum transfer, over a range of pion energies from 2 to 18 GeV. Proton-proton scattering does however appear to show a shrinking diffraction peak. In general, the data agree with other experiments using both counter and bubble chamber techniques, but some differences do appear. During the experiment, data were taken which set an upper limit of 2·102 μb/(GeV/c)2 on the differential elastic cross-section dσ/dt over a range of |t| from 20.9 to 23.4 (GeV/c)2 at 13.4 GeV/c incident pion momentum.
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The π − p differential elastic scattering cross sections have been measured for eight momenta in the 33–55 GeV/ c range. The energy dependence of the slope and of the total elastic scattering cross sections has been determined experimentally. The results are compared with the known data. The experimental data are compared both with the Regge pole model and with the quasi-potential one.
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The total elastic p-p, p-d and p-n cross sections measured at the Serpukhov accelerator and Dubna synchrophasotron are presented in this paper.
SLOPE MEASURED FOR -T = 0.08 TO 0.12 GEV**2.
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The differential cross-sections in the range of four momentum transfer squared from 0.003 to 0.120 (GeV c) 2 were measured at 30, 50 and 70 GeV by using a thin polyethilene target in the internal proton beam of the Serpukhov accelerator. The slope parameter, the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the forward amplitude and the cross-section in the diffraction cone were measured.
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ASSUMING UNIFORM SLOPE.
Proton-proton elastic scattering has been measured over the four-momentum transfer squared 0.0007 ⩽ t ⩽ 0.02 GeV 2 /c 2 . A gas hydrogen jet has been used as an internal target of the accelerator. The results indicate that the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the proton-proton forward scattering amplitude rises smoothly with increasing energy from α = −0.35 ± 0.05 at p = 9.39 GeV/ c to α = −0.092 ± 0.011 at p = 69.8 GeV/ c .
THE TOTAL ELASTIC CROSS SECTION IS DERIVED FROM THE OPTICAL THEOREM POINT AND SLOPE PARAMETER.
The absolute luminosity of the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings has been determined by the Van der Meer method. Combining the measurement with small angle proton-proton elastic events, we find σ elastic = (6.8±0.6)mb.
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The reactions pp → NN π are studied at 19 GeV/ c and analysed in terms of the amplitudes with the low mass N π system in isospin states 1 2 and 3 2 respectively. The I − 1 2 cross section is compared with the corresponding one in π p→ ππ N at 8 GeV/ c .
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Interactions of 14 GeV protons with free and quasi-free nucleons are studied in nuclear emulsion. The elastic cross-section for proton-free proton collision is estimated to be (11±4) mb. The numbers of protons, charged π-mesons and K-mesons per inelastic interaction are found to be 1.24±0.09, 2.53±0.19 and 0.30±0.06, respectively. The centre-of-mass system angular distributions and the mean values of the centre-of-mass system momenta for charged secondaries are given and compared with the results of works at other energies.
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Elastic and inelastic 19.8 GeV/c proton-proton collisions in nuclear emulsion are examined using an external proton beam of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. Multiple scattering, blob density, range and angle measurements give the momentum spectra and angular distributions of secondary protons and pions. The partial cross-sections corresponding to inelastic interactions having two, four, six, eight, ten and twelve charged secondaries are found to be, respectively, (16.3±8.4) mb, (11.5 ± 6.0) mb, (4.3 ± 2.5) mb, (1.9 ± 1.3) mb, (0.5 ± 0.5) mb and (0.5±0.5)mb. The elastic cross-section is estimated to be (4.3±2.5) mb. The mean charged meson multiplicity for inelastic events is 3.7±0.5 and the average degree of inelasticity is 0.35±0.09. Strong forward and backward peaking is observed in the center-of-mass system for both secondary charged pions and protons. Distributions of energy, momentum and transverse momentum for identified charged secondaries are presented and compared with the results of work at other energies and with the results of a statistical theory of proton-proton collisions.
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Invariant single-particle cross sections for pion and proton production in π ± p interactions at 8 and 16 GeV/ c are presented in terms of integrated distributions as functions of x , reduced rapidity ζ and p ⊥ 2 , and also in terms of double differential cross sections E d 2 σ /(d x d p ⊥ 2 ) and d ζ d p ⊥ 2 ). A comparison of π ± and π − induced reactions is made and the energy dependence is discussed. It is shown that the single-particle structure function cannot be factorized in its dependece on transverse and longitudinal momentum. For the beam-unlike pion, there is an indication for factorizability in terms of rapidity and transverse momentum in a small central region.
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CROSS-OVER IS AT -T = 0.17 +- 0.02 GEV**2. DIVIDE BY 20 TO GET D(SIG)/DT IN MB/GEV**2. CORRECTED FOR LOST EVENTS FOR -T < 0.12 GEV**2.
FROM QUADRATIC EXPONENTIAL FIT TO D(SIG)/DT. BOTH STATISTICAL AND SYSTEMATIC ERRORS INCLUDED IN VALUES.
We have measured the differential cross section for small angle p−p scattering from 25 to 200 GeV incident energy and in the momentum transfer range 0.015<|t|<0.080 (GeVc)2. We find that the slope of the forward diffraction peak, b(s), increases with energy and can be fitted by the form b(s)=b0+2α′ lns, where b0=8.3±1.3 and α′=0.28±0.13 (GeVc)−2. Such dependence is compatible with the data existing both at higher and lower energies. We have also obtained the energy dependence of the p−p total cross section in the energy range from 48 to 196 GeV. Within our errors which are ± 1.1 mb the total cross section remains constant.
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A study of pp interactions at an incident momentum of 16.2 GeV/ c leading to two-prong non-strange final states was carried out in an exposure of the 2m CERN hydrogen bubble chamber. The c.m. angle and momentum distributions for the outgoing particles in the final states pn π + and pp π 0 are presented and discussed. These final states were analysed in terms of quasi two-body final states - N(Nπ), with the pion-nucleon system in an I = 1 2 or I = 3 2 state. A determination of these two isospin amplitudes and their interference term is then carried out. The reaction pp → pn π + is found to be well described by a Reggeized exchange model, as well as by a double Regge-exchange model.
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