A search for a heavy neutral Higgs boson, $A$, decaying into a $Z$ boson and another heavy Higgs boson, $H$, is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search considers the $Z$ boson decaying to electrons or muons and the $H$ boson into a pair of $b$-quarks. No evidence for the production of an $A$ boson is found. Considering each production process separately, the 95% confidence-level upper limits on the $pp\rightarrow A\rightarrow ZH$ production cross-section times the branching ratio $H\rightarrow bb$ are in the range of 14-830 fb for the gluon-gluon fusion process and 26-570 fb for the $b$-associated process for the mass ranges 130-700 GeV of the $H$ boson and process for the mass ranges 130-700 GeV of the $H$ boson and 230-800 GeV of the $A$ boson. The results are interpreted in the context of the two-Higgs-doublet model.

A search for exotic Higgs boson decays to light pseudoscalars in the final state of two muons and two $\tau$ leptons is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. Masses of the pseudoscalar boson between 15.0 and 62.5 GeV are probed, and no significant excess of data is observed above the prediction of the standard model. Upper limits are set on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to two light pseudoscalar bosons in different types of two-Higgs-doublet models extended with a complex scalar singlet.

A study of $\upchi _{{\mathrm {b}}}$ meson production at LHCb is performed on proton–proton collision data, corresponding to 3.0 $\text { fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 $\mathrm {\,TeV}$ . The fraction of $\Upsilon \mathrm {(nS)}$ mesons originating from $\upchi _{{\mathrm {b}}}$  decays is measured as a function of the  $\Upsilon $  transverse momentum in the rapidity range $2.0 < y^{\Upsilon } < 4.5$ . The radiative transition of the $\upchi _{{\mathrm {b}}}\mathrm {(3P)}$ meson to $\Upsilon \mathrm {(3S)}$ is observed for the first time. The  $\upchi _{{\mathrm {b}} 1}\mathrm {(3P)}$ mass is determined to be $\begin{aligned} m_{\upchi _{{\mathrm {b}} 1}\mathrm {(3P)}} = 10\,511.3 \pm 1.7 \pm 2.5{\mathrm {\,MeV}/c^2}, \end{aligned}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

The results of a search for electroweakino pair production $pp \rightarrow \tilde\chi^\pm_1 \tilde\chi^0_2$ in which the chargino ($\tilde\chi^\pm_1$) decays into a $W$ boson and the lightest neutralino ($\tilde\chi^0_1$), while the heavier neutralino ($\tilde\chi^0_2$) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second $\tilde\chi^0_1$ are presented. The signal selection requires a pair of $b$-tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the $W$ boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of $\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_{1}/\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{2}$ up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}$.

A search for an exotic decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalar bosons is performed for the first time in the final state with two b quarks and two $\tau$ leptons. The search is motivated in the context of models of physics beyond the standard model (SM), such as two Higgs doublet models extended with a complex scalar singlet (2HDM+S), which include the next-to-minimal supersymmetric SM (NMSSM). The results are based on a data set of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, accumulated by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Masses of the pseudoscalar boson between 15 and 60 GeV are probed, and no excess of events above the SM expectation is observed. Upper limits between 3 and 12% are set on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}$(h $\to$ aa $\to$ 2$\tau$2b) assuming the SM production of the Higgs boson. Upper limits are also set on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to two light pseudoscalar bosons in different 2HDM+S scenarios. Assuming the SM production cross section for the Higgs boson, the upper limit on this quantity is as low as 20% for a mass of the pseudoscalar of 40 GeV in the NMSSM.

Measurements of the $\mathrm{Z}$ $\mathrm{Z}$ production cross sections in proton–proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 $~\mathrm{TeV}$ are presented. Candidate events for the leptonic decay mode $\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\rightarrow 2\mathrm{l} 2\nu $ , where $\mathrm{l}$ denotes an electron or a muon, are reconstructed and selected from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 (19.6) $\,\text {fb}^\text {-1}$ at 7 (8) $~\mathrm{TeV}$ collected with the CMS experiment. The measured cross sections, $\sigma (\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\rightarrow \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) = 5.1_{-1.4}^{+1.5}\,\text {(stat)} \,_{-1.1}^{+1.4}\,\text {(syst)} \pm 0.1\,\text {(lumi)} \text {~pb} $ at 7 $~\mathrm{TeV}$ , and $7.2_{-0.8}^{+0.8}\,\text {(stat)} \,_{-1.5}^{+1.9}\,\text {(syst)} \,\pm \, 0.2\,\text {(lumi)} \text {~pb} $ at 8 $~\mathrm{TeV}$ , are in good agreement with the standard model predictions with next-to-leading-order accuracy. The selected data are analyzed to search for anomalous triple gauge couplings involving the $\mathrm{Z}$ $\mathrm{Z}$ final state. In the absence of any deviation from the standard model predictions, limits are set on the relevant parameters. These limits are then combined with the previously published CMS results for $\mathrm{Z}$ $\mathrm{Z}$ in 4 $\mathrm{l}$ final states, yielding the most stringent constraints on the anomalous couplings.

A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vector-like $B$ quarks, primarily targeting $B$ quark decays into a $W$ boson and a top quark. The search is based on $36.1$ $fb^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by a high-transverse-momentum isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum, and multiple jets, of which at least one is $b$-tagged. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. The 95% confidence level lower limit on the $B$ mass is 1350 GeV assuming a 100% branching ratio to $Wt$. In the SU(2) singlet scenario, the lower mass limit is 1170 GeV. This search is also sensitive to a heavy vector-like $B$ quark decaying into other final states ($Zb$ and $Hb$) and thus mass limits on $B$ production are set as a function of the decay branching ratios. The 100% branching ratio limits are found to be also applicable to heavy vector-like $X$ production, with charge $+$5/3, that decay into $Wt$.

A measurement is presented of the ratio of the inclusive 3-jet cross section to the inclusive 2-jet cross section as a function of the average transverse momentum, <pT[1,2]>, of the two leading jets in the event. The data sample was collected during 2011 at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns. The strong coupling constant at the scale of the Z boson mass is determined to be alphaS[MZ] = 0.1148 +/- 0.0014 (exp.) +/- 0.0018 (PDF) +/- 0.0050 (theory), by comparing the ratio in the range 0.42 < <pT[1,2]> < 1.39 TeV to the predictions of perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order. This is the first determination of alphaS[MZ] from measurements at momentum scales beyond 0.6 TeV. The predicted ratio depends only indirectly on the evolution of the parton distribution functions of the proton such that this measurement also serves as a test of the evolution of the strong coupling constant. No deviation from the expected behaviour is observed.

A search for heavy resonances decaying to a $W$ or $Z$ boson and a Higgs boson in the $q\bar{q}^{(\prime)}b\bar{b}$ final state is described. The search uses 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The data are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations, with the largest excess found at a resonance mass of 3.0 TeV with a local (global) significance of 3.3 (2.1) $\sigma$. The results are presented in terms of constraints on a simplified model with a heavy vector triplet. Upper limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying to a $W$ ($Z$) boson and a Higgs boson, itself decaying to $b\bar{b}$, in the mass range between 1.1 and 3.8 TeV; the limits range between 83 and 1.6 fb (77 and 1.1 fb) at 95% confidence level.

A search is conducted for new resonances decaying into a $W$ or $Z$ boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson in the $\nu\bar{\nu}b\bar{b}$, $\ell^{\pm}{\nu}b\bar{b}$, and $\ell^+\ell^-b\bar{b}$ final states, where $\ell ^{\pm}= e^{\pm}$ or $\mu^{\pm}$, in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt s = 13$ TeV. The data used correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2015 and 2016 data-taking periods. The search is conducted by examining the reconstructed invariant or transverse mass distributions of $Wh$ and $Zh$ candidates for evidence of a localised excess in the mass range of 220 GeV up to 5 TeV. No significant excess is observed and the results are interpreted in terms of constraints on the production cross-section times branching fraction of heavy $W^\prime$ and $Z^\prime$ resonances in heavy-vector-triplet models and the CP-odd scalar boson $A$ in two-Higgs-doublet models. Upper limits are placed at the 95 % confidence level and range between $9.0\times 10^{-4}$ pb and $7.3\times 10^{-1}$ pb depending on the model and mass of the resonance.

An inclusive measurement of the Zγ→νν‾γ production cross section in pp collisions at s=8TeV is presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb −1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. This measurement is based on the observation of events with large missing energy and with a single photon with transverse momentum above 145 GeV and absolute pseudorapidity in the range |η|<1.44 . The measured Zγ→νν‾γ production cross section, 52.7±2.1 (stat)±6.4 (syst)±1.4 (lumi) fb , agrees well with the standard model prediction of 50.0−2.2+2.4 fb . A study of the photon transverse momentum spectrum yields the most stringent limits to date on the anomalous ZZγ and Zγγ trilinear gauge boson couplings.

A search for a light charged Higgs boson (H$^+$) decaying to a W boson and a CP-odd Higgs boson (A) in final states with e$\mu\mu$ or $\mu\mu\mu$ is performed using data from pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. In this search, it is assumed that the H$^+$ boson is produced in decays of top quarks, and the A boson decays to two oppositely charged muons. The presence of signals for H$^+$ boson masses between 100 and 160 GeV and A boson masses between 15 and 75 GeV is investigated. No evidence for the production of the H$^+$ boson is found. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are obtained on the combined branching fraction for the decay chain t $\to$ bH$^+$ $\to$ bW$^+$A $\to$ bW$^+\mu^+\mu^-$, of 1.9 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ to 8.6 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$, depending on the masses of the H$^+$ and A bosons. These are the first limits for these decay modes of the H$^+$ and A bosons.

This paper presents a study of the production of $WW$ or $WZ$ boson pairs, with one $W$ boson decaying to $e\nu$ or $\mu\nu$ and one $W$ or $Z$ boson decaying hadronically. The analysis uses 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV $pp$ collision data, collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Cross-sections for $WW/WZ$ production are measured in high-$p_{T}$ fiducial regions defined close to the experimental event selection. The cross-section is measured for the case where the hadronically decaying boson is reconstructed as two resolved jets, and the case where it is reconstructed as a single jet. The transverse momentum distribution of the hadronically decaying boson is used to search for new physics. Observations are consistent with the Standard Model predictions, and $95\%$ confidence intervals are calculated for parameters describing anomalous triple gauge-boson couplings.

A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vector-like $T$ and $B$ quarks, primarily targeting the $T$ quark decays to a $W$ boson and a $b$-quark. The search is based on $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, including at least one $b$-tagged jet and a large-radius jet identified as originating from the hadronic decay of a high-momentum $W$ boson. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed in the reconstructed $T$ mass distribution. The observed 95\% confidence level lower limit on the $T$ mass are 1350 GeV assuming 100\% branching ratio to $Wb$. In the SU(2) singlet scenario, the lower mass limit is 1170 GeV. This search is also sensitive to a heavy vector-like $B$ quark decaying to $Wt$ and other final states. The results are thus reinterpreted to provide a 95\% confidence level lower limit on the $B$ quark mass at 1250 GeV assuming 100\% branching ratio to $Wt$; in the SU(2) singlet scenario, the limit is 1080 GeV. Mass limits on both $T$ and $B$ production are also set as a function of the decay branching ratios. The 100\% branching ratio limits are found to be applicable to heavy vector-like $Y$ and $X$ production that decay to $Wb$ and $Wt$, respectively.

A measurement of the ZZ production cross section in the ℓ$^{−}$ℓ$^{+}$ℓ$^{′ −}$ℓ$^{′ +}$ and $ {\ell}^{-}{\ell}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $ channels (ℓ = e, μ) in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=8 $ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{−1}$ collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2012 is presented. The fiducial cross sections for ZZ → ℓ$^{−}$ℓ$^{+}$ℓ$^{′ −}$ℓ$^{′ +}$ and $ ZZ\to {\ell}^{-}{\ell}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $ are measured in selected phase-space regions. The total cross section for ZZ events produced with both Z bosons in the mass range 66 to 116 GeV is measured from the combination of the two channels to be 7.3 ± 0.4(stat) ± 0.3(syst)$_{− 0.1}^{− 0.2}$ (lumi) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model prediction of 6. 6$_{− 0.6}^{+ 0.7}$  pb. The differential cross sections in bins of various kinematic variables are presented. The differential event yield as a function of the transverse momentum of the leading Z boson is used to set limits on anomalous neutral triple gauge boson couplings in ZZ production.

Measurements of $\mathrm{B}^*_\mathrm{s2}(5840)^0$ and $\mathrm{B}_\mathrm{s1}(5830)^0$ mesons are performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The analysis studies $P$-wave $\mathrm{B}^0_\mathrm{S}$ meson decays into $\mathrm{B}^{(*)+}\mathrm{K}^-$ and $\mathrm{B}^{(*)0}\mathrm{K}^0_\mathrm{S}$, where the $\mathrm{B}^+$ and $\mathrm{B}^0$ mesons are identified using the decays $\mathrm{B}^+\to\mathrm{J}/\psi\,\mathrm{K}^+$ and $\mathrm{B}^0\to\mathrm{J}/\psi\,\mathrm{K}^*(892)^0$. The masses of the $P$-wave $\mathrm{B}^0_\mathrm{S}$ meson states are measured and the natural width of the $\mathrm{B}^*_\mathrm{s2}(5840)^0$ state is determined. The first measurement of the mass difference between the charged and neutral $\mathrm{B}^*$ mesons is also presented. The $\mathrm{B}^*_\mathrm{s2}(5840)^0$ decay to $\mathrm{B}^0\mathrm{K}^0_\mathrm{S}$ is observed, together with a measurement of its branching fraction relative to the $\mathrm{B}^*_\mathrm{s2}(5840)^0\to\mathrm{B}^+\mathrm{K}^-$ decay.

The ratio of the production cross sections times branching fractions $ \left(\sigma \left({\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\pm}\right)\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\pm}\to \mathrm{J}/\psi {\pi}^{\pm}\right)\right)/\left(\sigma \left({\mathrm{B}}^{\pm}\right)\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\mathrm{B}}^{\pm}\to \mathrm{J}/\psi {K}^{\pm}\right)\right) $ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The kinematic region investigated requires B$_{c}^{±}$ and B$^{±}$ mesons with transverse momentum p$_{T}$ > 15 GeV and rapidity |y| < 1.6. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb$^{−1}$. The ratio is determined to be $ \left[0.48\pm 0.05\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.03\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.05\ \left({\tau}_{{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)\right]\% $ . The B$_{c}^{±}$  → J/ψπ$^{±}$ π$^{±}$ π$^{∓}$ decay is also observed in the same data sample. Using a model-independent method developed to measure the efficiency given the presence of resonant behaviour in the three-pion system, the ratio of the branching fractions $ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\pm}\to \mathrm{J}/\psi {\pi}^{\pm }{\pi}^{\pm }{\pi}^{\mp}\right)/\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{c}}^{\pm}\to \mathrm{J}/\psi {\pi}^{\pm}\right) $ is measured to be $ 2.55\pm 0.80\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.33{\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)}_{-0.01}^{+0.04}\left({\tau}_{B_c}\right) $ , consistent with the previous LHCb result.