The collisions ofp,2H,4He and C with carbon and tantalum nuclei at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon as well as the collisionsp-C andp-Ta at 10 GeV/c from 2-m propane bubble chamber have been studied. New results on nuclear stopping have been obtained from the examination of proton rapidity distributions and average rapidity of leading protons for collisions of various degree of centrality: our study points out that a proton projectile is fully stopped in the centralp-Ta collisions at 4.2 GeV/c but only partly stopped at 10 Gev/c. The proton multiplicity in the centralp-Ta collisions at 10 GeV/c can be described by the binomial distribution,P(n), which expresses the probability that the projectile meetsn protons among the nucleons being along the diameter of a target nucleus.
From a sample of 2.36 million minimum bias events produced in p p collisions at s =630 GeV in the UA1 experiment and from other published data at the CERN S p p S collider we have estimated the relative production of π ± , π 0 , K ± , K S 0 , Λ, Λ , p and p . We obtain a meson over baryon ratio M B = 6.4 ± 1.1 . From the K S 0 π ± ratio we measure the strangeness suppression factor λ = 0.29 ± 0.02 ± 0.01 which, combining with other available data provides a new world average of 0.29 ± 0.015. Both the K S 0 π ± ratio and the strangeness suppression factor λ as a function of s are investigated, and an extrapolation to the LHC energy is performed.
We have analysed a sample of 2.36 million minimum bias events produced in p p collisions at s =630 GeV in the UA1 experiment at the CERN collider. We have studied the production of charged particles with transverse momenta ( p T ) up to 25 GeV/c. The results are in agreement with QCD predictions. The rise of 〈 p T 〉 with charged particle multiplicity may be related to changing production of low p T particles.
We have analysed a sample of 2.36 million minimum bias events produced in p p collisions at s =630 GeV in the UA1 experiment at the CERN Sp p S collider. We have studied the production of K S 0 , Λ and Λ particles with transverse momenta ( p t ) up to 7 GeV/c and K ± up to 2 GeV/c. The kaon data are compared with a recent QCD prediction and are found to be in good agreement. The < p t > for K S 0 , Λ and Λ is seen to increase as a function of the charged particle multiplicity and is compared with charged particle production.
Λ , Ξ and Ω yields and transverse mass spectra have been measured in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/ c . The yields in Pb-Pb interactions are presented as a function of the collision centrality and compared with those obtained from p-Pb collisions. Strangeness enhancement is observed which increases with centrality and with the strangeness content of the hyperon.
The two-pion production in pp-collisions has been investigated at CELSIUS in exclusive measurements from threshold up to $T_p$ = 1.36 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained for the channels $pn\pi^+\pi^0$, $pp\pi^+\pi^-$, $pp\pi^0\pi^0$ and also $nn\pi^+\pi^+$. For intermediate incident energies $T_p >$ 1 GeV, i.e. in the region which is beyond the Roper excitation but at the onset of $\Delta\Delta$ excitation, the total $pp\pi^0\pi^0$ cross section falls behind theoretical predictions by as much as an order of magnitude near 1.2 GeV, whereas the $nn\pi^+\pi^+$ cross section is a factor of five larger than predicted. An isospin decompostion of the total cross sections exhibits a s-channel-like energy dependence in the region of the Roper excitation as well as a significant contribution of an isospin 3/2 resonance other than the $\Delta(1232)$. As possible candidates the $\Delta(1600)$ and the $\Delta(1700)$ are discussed.
The forward $\eta$ mesons production has been observed by the Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment in proton-proton collision at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV. This paper presents the measurement of the inclusive production rate of $\eta$ in $p_T<$ 1.1 GeV/c, expressed as a function of the Feynman-x variable. These results are compared with the predictions of several hadronic interaction models commonly used for the modelling of the air showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This is both the first measurement of $\eta$ mesons from LHCf and the first time a particle containing strange quarks has been observed in the forward region for high-energy collisions. These results will provide a powerful constraint on hadronic interaction models for the purpose of improving the understanding of the processes underlying the air showers produced in the Earth's atmosphere by ultra-energetic cosmic rays.
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