A first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt{s}=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 mub-1, events are selected by requiring hits on scintillation counters mounted in the forward region of the detector. An inelastic cross-section of $60.3 +/- 2.1 mb is measured for xi > 5x10^-6, where xi=M_X^2/s is calculated from the invariant mass, M_X, of hadrons selected using the largest rapidity gap in the event. For diffractive events this corresponds to requiring at least one of the dissociation masses to be larger than 15.7 GeV.
The measured and extrapolated inelastic cross section. The first error is the experimental error and the second (sys) error is the error in the extrapolation.
Pseudorapidity gap distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV are studied using a minimum bias data sample with an integrated luminosity of 7.1 inverse microbarns. Cross sections are measured differentially in terms of Delta eta F, the larger of the pseudorapidity regions extending to the limits of the ATLAS sensitivity, at eta = +/- 4.9, in which no final state particles are produced above a transverse momentum threshold p_T Cut. The measurements span the region 0 < Delta eta F < 8 for 200 < p_T Cut < 800 MeV. At small Delta eta F, the data test the reliability of hadronisation models in describing rapidity and transverse momentum fluctuations in final state particle production. The measurements at larger gap sizes are dominated by contributions from the single diffractive dissociation process (pp -> Xp), enhanced by double dissociation (pp -> XY) where the invariant mass of the lighter of the two dissociation systems satisfies M_Y <~ 7 GeV. The resulting cross section is d sigma / d Delta eta F ~ 1 mb for Delta eta F >~ 3. The large rapidity gap data are used to constrain the value of the pomeron intercept appropriate to triple Regge models of soft diffraction. The cross section integrated over all gap sizes is compared with other LHC inelastic cross section measurements.
The inelastic cross section differential in the forward rapidity gap size, DELTA(C=RAPGAP) for a maximum observed particle transverse momentum of 200 MeV in the gap.
The inelastic cross section differential in the forward rapidity gap size, DELTA(C=RAPGAP) for a maximum observed particle transverse momentum of 400 MeV in the gap.
The inelastic cross section differential in the forward rapidity gap size, DELTA(C=RAPGAP) for a maximum observed particle transverse momentum of 600 MeV in the gap.
Correlations of two flow harmonics $v_n$ and $v_m$ via three- and four-particle cumulants are measured in 13 TeV $pp$, 5.02 TeV $p$+Pb, and 2.76 TeV peripheral Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The goal is to understand the multi-particle nature of the long-range collective phenomenon in these collision systems. The large non-flow background from dijet production present in the standard cumulant method is suppressed using a method of subevent cumulants involving two, three and four subevents separated in pseudorapidity. The results show a negative correlation between $v_2$ and $v_3$ and a positive correlation between $v_2$ and $v_4$ for all collision systems and over the full multiplicity range. However, the magnitudes of the correlations are found to depend strongly on the event multiplicity, the choice of transverse momentum range and collision system. The relative correlation strength, obtained by normalisation of the cumulants with the $\langle v_n^2\rangle$ from a two-particle correlation analysis, is similar in the three collision systems and depends weakly on the event multiplicity and transverse momentum. These results based on the subevent methods provide strong evidence of a similar long-range multi-particle collectivity in $pp$, $p$+Pb and peripheral Pb+Pb collisions.
The symmetric cumulant $sc_{2,3}\{4\}$ results as a function of multiplicity ($N_{ch}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 13 TeV
The symmetric cumulant $sc_{2\,3}\{4\}$ results as a function of multiplicity ($N_{ch}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 13 TeV
The symmetric cumulant $sc_{2\,3}\{4\}$ results as a function of multiplicity ($N_{ch}$) in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Based on an analysis of the extensive air shower data accumulated over the last ten years at Akeno Cosmic Ray Observatory, the value of the proton-air nuclei inelastic cross section (σinp−air) has been determined assuming the validity of quasi-Feynman scaling of particle production in the fragmentation region. The energy dependence of σinp−air can be represented as 290(E/1 TeV)0.052 mb in the energy interval 1016.2–1017.6 eV, where E is the incident proton energy. The total p-p cross section (σtotp−p), derived using the nuclear distribution function obtained from the shell model, increases with energy as 38.5+1.37 ln2(√s /10 GeV) mb.
No description provided.
Best fit to data gives SIG(PP) = 38.5 + 1.37*LN(SQRT(S)/10 GeV)**2.
This Letter presents a measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section using 60 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ of $13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Inelastic interactions are selected using rings of plastic scintillators in the forward region ($2.07<|\eta|<3.86$) of the detector. A cross section of $68.1\pm 1.4$ mb is measured in the fiducial region $\xi=M_X^2/s>10^{-6}$, where $M_X$ is the larger invariant mass of the two hadronic systems separated by the largest rapidity gap in the event. In this $\xi$ range the scintillators are highly efficient. For diffractive events this corresponds to cases where at least one proton dissociates to a system with $M_X>13$ GeV. The measured cross section is compared with a range of theoretical predictions. When extrapolated to the full phase space, a cross-section of $78.1 \pm 2.9$ mb is measured, consistent with the inelastic cross section increasing with center-of-mass energy.
The measured and extrapolated inelastic cross section. The statistical uncertainty is negligible and is therefore displayed as zero. The first systematic uncertainty is the experimental systematic uncertainty apart from the luminosity, the second is the luminosity uncertainty, and the third is the extrapolation uncertainty.
This letter presents a search for narrow, high-mass resonances in the $Z\gamma$ final state with the $Z$ boson decaying into a pair of electrons or muons. The $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collision data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and have an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$. The data are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model background expectation. Upper limits are set on the resonance production cross section times the decay branching ratio into $Z\gamma$. For spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, the observed limits at 95% confidence level vary between 65.5 fb and 0.6 fb, while for spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion (or quark-antiquark initial states) limits vary between 77.4 (76.1) fb and 0.6 (0.5) fb, for the mass range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV.
The main sources of systematic uncertainty for the $X\to Z \gamma$ search. The gluon-gluon fusion spin-0 signal samples produced at $m_{X} = [220-3400]$ GeV are used to evaluate the systematic uncertainty. The ranges for the uncertainties span the variations among different categories and different $m_{X}$ resonance masses. The uncertainty due to the spurious signal uncertainty is reported as the absolute number of events. In the table, "ID" for photon and electrons refers to identification efficiency uncertainties, "ISO" refers to isolation efficiency uncertainties, "TRIG" refers to trigger efficiency uncertainties, "RECO" refers to muon reconstruction efficiency uncertainty and "TTVA" refers to muon track-to-vertex-association efficiency uncertainty.
The observed (expected) upper limits of $\sigma(pp\to X)\cdot\mathcal{B}(X\to Z\gamma)$ for spin-0 and spin-2 heavy resonances at 95\% CL. $m_{X}$ varies from 220 GeV to 3400~\GeV.
Impacts of grouped dominant systematic uncertainties. The impact corresponds to the relative variation of the asymptotic expected upper limit of $\sigma(pp \rightarrow X) \times BR(X \rightarrow Z\gamma)$ from $m_{X}=220$ GeV to $m_{X}=3.4$ TeV when re-evaluating the quantity by fixing the corresponding nuisance parameters to the best-fit values, while keeping others free to float. The impact of total systematic uncertainties are performed in the last row.
Jet quenching is the process of color-charged partons losing energy via interactions with quark-gluon plasma droplets created in heavy-ion collisions. The collective expansion of such droplets is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. Similar evidence of collectivity is consistently observed in smaller collision systems, including $pp$ and $p$+Pb collisions. In contrast, while jet quenching is observed in Pb+Pb collisions, no evidence has been found in these small systems to date, raising fundamental questions about the nature of the system created in these collisions. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has measured the yield of charged hadrons correlated with reconstructed jets in 0.36 nb$^{-1}$ of $p$+Pb and 3.6 pb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at 5.02 TeV. The yields of charged hadrons with $p_\mathrm{T}^\mathrm{ch} >0.5$ GeV near and opposite in azimuth to jets with $p_\mathrm{T}^\mathrm{jet} > 30$ or $60$ GeV, and the ratios of these yields between $p$+Pb and $pp$ collisions, $I_{p\mathrm{Pb}}$, are reported. The collision centrality of $p$+Pb events is categorized by the energy deposited by forward neutrons from the struck nucleus. The $I_{p\mathrm{Pb}}$ values are consistent with unity within a few percent for hadrons with $p_\mathrm{T}^\mathrm{ch} >4$ GeV at all centralities. These data provide new, strong constraints which preclude almost any parton energy loss in central $p$+Pb collisions.
The per-jet charged particle yield in pPb and pp collisions for hadrons near a $p_{T}^{\textrm{jet}} > 30~\textrm{GeV}$ jet ($\Delta\phi_{\textrm{ch,jet}} < \pi/8$).
The per-jet charged particle yield in pPb and pp collisions for hadrons opposite to a $p_{T}^{\textrm{jet}} > 30~\textrm{GeV}$ jet ($\Delta\phi_{\textrm{ch,jet}} > 7\pi/8$).
The per-jet charged particle yield in pPb and pp collisions for hadrons near a $p_{T}^{\textrm{jet}} > 60~\textrm{GeV}$ jet ($\Delta\phi_{\textrm{ch,jet}} < \pi/8$).
The charged-particle multiplicity distribution in 205−GeVc proton-proton interactions is presented. In addition, the total diffractive contributions to each charged multiplicity are estimated assuming a factorizable Pomeron.
THE TOTAL CROSS SECTION NORMALIZATION COMES FROM THIS AND OTHER EXPERIMENTS.
The highest-energy measurement of ΔσL(pp) and the first ever measurement of ΔσL(p¯p), the differences between proton-proton and antiproton-proton total cross sections for pure longitudinal spin states, are described. Data were taken using 200-GeV/c polarized beams incident on a polarized-proton target. The results are measured to be ΔσL(pp)=−42±48(stat)±53(syst) μb and ΔσL(p¯p)=−256±124(stat)±109(syst) μb. Many tests of systematic effects were investigated and are described, and a comparison to theoretical predictions is also given. Measurements of parity nonconservation at 200 GeV/c in proton scattering and the first ever of antiproton scattering have also been derived from these data. The values are consistent with zero at the 10−5 level.
No description provided.
No description provided.
A systematic survey of strange-particle final states produced by 8−BeVc protons was made in the BNL 80-in. hydrogen bubble chamber. Cross sections were measured for some 33 reactions. The ratio of the cross section for the KK¯ channels to the total strange-particle cross section was measured to be 0.12 and appears to be rising in this momentum region. The total cross section for strange-particle production is estimated as 1.8±0.2 mb. Comparison is made of the data with the predictions of the one-pion-exchange model, and at least partial agreement occurs for the K+pΛ and πKNΣ final states. The KpΣ states appear to contain N*(1924)→KΣ, and the πKNΛ states all include Y*(1385) production with the π+K0pΛ state also containing N*(1236) and K*(890) production. An examination of the five- and six-body K, Λ states indicates strong Y*(1385) and N*(1236) production. Finally, all final states containing a K and a Λ show a dependence on M(K,Λ) which is well parametrized by a Breit-Wigner shape with M0=1777 MeV and Γ=345 MeV. This behavior is interpreted as being consistent with one-pion exchange as the dominant mechanism for these reactions.
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