A leading order determination of the gluon density in the proton has been performed in the fractional momentum range $1.9 \cdot 10~{-3} < x_{g/p} < 0.18$ by measuring multi-jet events from boson-gluon fusion in deep-inelastic scattering with the H1 detector at the electron-proton collider HERA. This direct determination of the gluon density was performed in a kinematic region previously not accessible. The data show a considerable increase of the gluon density with decreasing fractional momenta of the gluons.
FG is gluon structure function. XPARTON here means the X of the gluon. For the experimental definitions of the XPARTON see paper.
The photon structure function F 2 γ has been measured at average Q 2 values of 73 and 390 GeV 2 using data collected by the AMY detector at the TRISTAN e + e − collider. F 2 γ is observed to be increasing as ln Q 2 . The x -dependence of F 2 γ , where x is the momentum fraction carried by the parton inside the photon, is also measured. The measurements are compared with several parton density models.
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Errors contain both statistics and systematics.
A new measurement of the proton structure function $F_2(x,Q~2)$ is reported for momentum transfers squared $Q~2$ between 1.5GeV$~2$ and 5000GeV$~2$ and for Bjorken $x$ between $3\cdot 10~{-5}$ and $0.32$ using data collected by the HERA experiment H1 in 1994. The data represent an increase in statistics by a factor of ten with respect to the analysis of the 1993 data. Substantial extension of the kinematic range towards low $Q~2$ and $x$ has been achieved using dedicated data samples and events with initial state photon radiation. The structure function is found to increase significantly with decreasing $x$, even in the lowest accessible $Q~2$ region. The data are well described by a Next to Leading Order QCD fit and the gluon density is extracted.
Data from shifted vertex sample.
Data from shifted vertex sample.
Data from shifted vertex sample.
The total photoproduction cross section is determined from a measurement of electroproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The Q 2 values of the virtual photons are in the range 10 −7 < Q 2 <2×10 −2 GeV 2 . The γp total cross section in the γp centre of mass energy range 186–233 GeV is 154 ± 16 (stat.) ± 32 (syst.) μ b.
Scattered electron in range 10 to 16 GeV.
The photon structure function F 2 has been measured at average Q 2 values of 73,160 and 390 ( GeV c ) 2 . We compare the x dependence of the Q 2 = 73 ( GeV c ) 2 data with theoretical expectations based on QCD. In addition we present results on the Q 2 evolution of the structure function for the intermediate x range (0.3⩽ x ⩽0.8). The results are consistent with QCD.
X dependence at Q**2 = 73 GeV**2 for light quark data.
X dependence at Q**2 = 73 GeV**2 for total data.
Photon structure function F2 for total data.
A measurement of the proton structure function $F_{\!2}(x,Q~2)$ is reported for momentum transfer squared $Q~2$ between 4.5 $GeV~2$ and 1600 $GeV~2$ and for Bjorken $x$ between $1.8\cdot10~{-4}$ and 0.13 using data collected by the HERA experiment H1 in 1993. It is observed that $F_{\!2}$ increases significantly with decreasing $x$, confirming our previous measurement made with one tenth of the data available in this analysis. The $Q~2$ dependence is approximately logarithmic over the full kinematic range covered. The subsample of deep inelastic events with a large pseudo-rapidity gap in the hadronic energy flow close to the proton remnant is used to measure the "diffractive" contribution to $F_{\!2}$.
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A search for excited states of the standard model fermions was performed using the ZEUS detector at the HERA electron-proton collider, operating at a centre of mass energy of 296 GeV. In a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.55 pb−1, no evidence was found for any resonant state decaying into final states composed of a fermion and a gauge boson. Limits on the coupling strength times branching ratio of excited fermions are presented for masses between 50 GeV and 250 GeV, extending previous search regions significantly.
The cross sections times branching ratio.
Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) events, selected from 1993 data taken by the H1 experiment at HERA, are studied in the Breit frame of reference. The fragmentation function of the quark is compared with those of \ee data. It is shown that certain aspects of the quarks emerging from within the proton in \ep interactions are essentially the same as those of quarks pair-created from the vacuum in \ee annihilation. The measured area, peak position and widthof the fragmentation function show that the kinematic evolution variable, equivalent to the \ee squared centre of mass energy, is in the Breit frame the invariant square of the four-momentum transfer. We comment on the extent to which we have evidence for coherence effects in parton showers.
Distribution of the cosine of the Breit frame polar angle for data with the Breit frame energy flow selection. Statistical errors only.
Distribution of the cosine of the Breit frame polar angle for data before the Breit frame energy flow selection. Statistical errors only.
The fragmentation function for the current hemisphere of the Breit frame. Data are Breit frame energy flow selected only. Statistical errors only.
Deeply virtual Compton scattering has been measured in e^+p collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 61.1 pb^-1. Cross sections are presented as a function of the photon virtuality, Q^2, and photon-proton centre-of-mass energy, W, for a wide region of the phase space, Q^2>~1.5 GeV^2 and 40<W<170 GeV. A subsample of events in which the scattered proton is measured in the leading proton spectrometer, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 31.3 pb^-1, is used for the first direct measurement of the differential cross section as a function of t, where t is the square of the four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex.
The DVCS cross section as a function of Q**2.
The DVCS cross section as a function of W.
The DVCS cross section as a function of W in four Q**2 regions.
The photon structure function F 2 γ has been measured at an average Q 2 value of 6.8 GeV 2 using data collected by the AMY detector at the TRISTAN e + e − collider. The measured F 2 γ is compared with several QCD-based parton density models.
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