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The differential cross sections for single-π+ photoproduction from hydrogen have been measured over a range of momentum transfers from -2×10−4 to -2 (GeV/c)2, and photon energies from 5 to 16 GeV. The differential cross section increases by roughly a factor of 2 as the magnitude of the square of the momentum transfer decreases from 0.02 (GeV/c)2. The cross section falls approximately as exp(−3|t|) at large momentum transfers, with a similar momentum-transfer dependence of the cross section at all photon energies studied.
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We have investigated the photoproduction process γ+p→π++n over a wide range of energies and u values at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) accelerator. We also have investigated γ+p→π−+N*++ at one value of u and γ+p→K++Λ0, Σ0 at one u value and three energies. Our results for dσdu for the photoproduction of π+ mesons from hydrogen are roughly α2π of the corresponding cross sections for the elastic scattering of π− mesons from hydrogen. The u dependence of our cross sections is not dominated by nucleon exchange as it is in the case of π+p elastic scattering.
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The cross section for γp→π−Δ++(1236), measured at 5, 8, 11, and 16 GeV from nearzero momentum transfer to -1 GeV2 (-2 GeV2 at 16 GeV), rises from small t to a maximum near −t=mπ2, then falls as e12t out to −t≈0.2 GeV2, after which it becomes roughly equal in slope and magnitude to the single π+ photoproduction cross section (e3t). At fixed t, the cross section varies as k−2, where k is the laboratory photon energy. The results do not agree well with the simple vector-dominance model.
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We have studied the ratio R=[dσ(γd→π−pp)dt][dσ(γd→π+nn)dt]−1 at 8 and 16 GeV for momentum transfers |t| from about 0.001 to 1.3 GeV2. R is close to unity for |t|<mπ2, but falls very rapidly with increasing |t|, passing through ½ near |t|=0.1 GeV2 and having a minium value of about 13 near |t|=0.4 GeV2; it slowly increases at larger momentum transfers. These results are similar to those obtained in other laboratories at 3.4 and 5 GeV. This implies considerable interference between the isoscalar and isovector photon amplitudes.
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Cross sections for the reactions γp→K+Λ and γp→K+Σ0 have been measured at squared four-momentum transfer (−t) from 0.005 to 2 GeV2, at photon energies 5, 8, 11, and 16 GeV. For −t>0.2 GeV2 each of the K+ cross sections is about ⅓ of the π+n photoproduction cross section, having nearly the same energy and momentum-transfer dependence. The K+ cross sections fall off at small |t|, however, in contrast to the sharp forward spike seen in π+n; this leads to a disagreement with an SU(3) prediction for −t<0.1 GeV2. The ratio of K+Σ0 to K+Λ cross sections is typically between 0.5 and 1.0.
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Cross sections for π0 photoproduction from hydrogen in the backward direction have been measured for photon energies of 6, 8, 12, and 18 GeV. The range of momentum transfer covered in these measurements is −1 (GeVc)2<u<0(GeVc)2, dσdu is found to have a backward peak and decreases with energy as s−3.0±0.2. Photoproduction of η0 and ρ0 mesons has also been observed.
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The reactions γA→π±A* have been studied at four-momentum transfers −t<~0.5 GeV2 for seven elements ranging from hydrogen to lead. Exclusion-principle suppression is clearly visible at small-momentum transfer. Neither the A dependence nor the energy dependence of the cross sections agrees with the predictions of the vector-dominance model. The ratio of π−π+ production requires equal spatial distributions for the protons and neutrons in nuclei. Some K+ data are also presented.
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In the reaction p p → 3π + 3π − 2227 events, and in the reaction p p → 3π + 3π − π 0 6578 events have been analyzed. The general characteristics of the reactions, such as total cross sections, angular and momentum distributions, the production of ϱ, f, ω and η mesons, and angular correlations are presented.
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THETA being the angle between PI+ and P (or PI- and PBAR) in CMS.
THETA being the angle between PI+ and P (or PI- and PBAR) in CMS.
We have measured the asymmetry of the cross section for γp→π+n from a polarized target at 5 and 16 GeV. The range of four-momentum transfer was 0.02<~−t<~1.0 GeV2. The π+ mesons were produced in a polarized butanol target and detected with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 20−GeVc spectrometer. A sizable asymmetry was found at both 5 and 16 GeV, a typical value being -0.6 near −t=0.3 GeV2. A small amount of data on the asymmetry of other photoproduction processes was also obtained.
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