The model-independent 95\% \CL expected and observed upper limits set on ${\sigma(\PP\to 2\Pa+\PX)\mathcal{B}^2(\Pa\to 2\PGm)\alphaGen}$ over the range $0.21 < \MPa < 9\GeV$ for the combined 2016, 2017, and 2018 analyses. Mass ranges that overlap with \JPsi and \PgU resonances are excluded from the search

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits on the effective coupling $\CahLambda$ of the ALP to the SM Higgs assuming the branching fraction of the ALP to muons is 1 (blue) and 0.1 (orange), for both the expected (dashed) and observed (solid) limits

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits on the effective coupling $\cll/\Lambda$ of the ALP to the SM leptons. The orange shaded region represents the parameter space excluded by this search under three choices of $\CahLambda$ $1\TeV^{-2}$ (solid), $0.1\TeV^{-2}$ (dashed), and $0.01\TeV^{-2}$ (dotted)

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits on $\varepsilon^{2} \mathcal{B}(\ZDark \to \sDark \overline{\sDark}) \mathcal{B}^{2}(\sDark \rightarrow 2\PGm)$ for the vector portal model as a function of the dark scalar mass $\MsDark$ and dark vector boson mass $\MZDark$. The yellow and green bands indicate one and two standard deviation values of the limit, respectively. Because the model-independent limits are calculated only up to a dimuon mass of 60\GeV, the \sDark mass considered for these limits is below 60\GeV

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits for $\sigma(\PP\to\PhOneTwo\to 2\PaOne) \mathcal{B}^2(\PaOne\to 2\PGm)$ for the NMSSM as a function of $\MPaOne$ for $\MPhOneTwo$ = 90~GEV. The data presented here reflect the results of the 2017 and 2018 datasets combined with the previously published results of the 2016 dataset in \cite{CMS:2018jid}

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits for $\sigma(\PP\to\PhOneTwo\to 2\PaOne) \mathcal{B}^2(\PaOne\to 2\PGm)$ for the NMSSM as a function of $\MPaOne$ for $\MPhOneTwo$ = 125~GEV. The data presented here reflect the results of the 2017 and 2018 datasets combined with the previously published results of the 2016 dataset in \cite{CMS:2018jid}

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits for $\sigma(\PP\to\PhOneTwo\to 2\PaOne) \mathcal{B}^2(\PaOne\to 2\PGm)$ for the NMSSM as a function of $\MPaOne$ for $\MPhOneTwo$ = 150~GEV. The data presented here reflect the results of the 2017 and 2018 datasets combined with the previously published results of the 2016 dataset in \cite{CMS:2018jid}

The 95\% \CL observed upper limits (black solid curves) from this search as interpreted in the dark SUSY scenario for the process $\PP \to \Ph \to 2\nOne \to 2\gammaDark + 2\nDark \to 4\PGm + \PX$, with \mbox{$\MnOne = 60\GeV$} and $\MnDark = 1\GeV$. The limits are presented in the plane of $\varepsilon$ and $\MgammaDark$. The color gradient represents different branching fraction assumptions for \mbox{$\mathcal{B}(\Ph \to 2\nOne \to 2\gammaDark + 2\nDark)$}, ranging from dark orange (0.05\%) to light orange (10\%). The degradation of the limit around 1\GeV is attributed to the drop in the dimuon branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(\gammaDark \to 2\mu)$ due to the dimuon resonance of the $\phi$ meson~\cite{Batell:2009yf}

Left pannel. The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 2.3%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average for $p_T > 18$ GeV. For comparison, the LHCb measurement [10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.122002] is also shown. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (2.3%)

Left pannel. The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 2.3%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average for $p_T > 18$ GeV. For comparison, the LHCb measurement [10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.122002] is also shown. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (2.3%)

Left pannel. The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 2.3%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average for $p_T > 18$ GeV. For comparison, the LHCb measurement [10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.122002] is also shown. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (2.3%)

Right pannel. The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 2.3%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average for $p_T > 18$ GeV. For comparison, the LHCb measurement [10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.122002] is also shown. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (2.3%)

Right pannel. The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 2.3%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average for $p_T > 18$ GeV. For comparison, the LHCb measurement [10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.122002] is also shown. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (2.3%)

Right pannel. The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 2.3%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average for $p_T > 18$ GeV. For comparison, the LHCb measurement [10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.122002] is also shown. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (2.3%)

Left panel.The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 5.7%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average of all the points. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (5.7%)

Left panel.The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 4.9\%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average of all the points. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (4.9%)

Left panel.The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 5.7%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average of all the points. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (5.7%)

Right panel.The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 5.7%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average of all the points. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (5.7%)

Right panel.The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 4.9\%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average of all the points. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (4.9%)

Right panel.The vertical bars (boxes) represent the statistical (bin-to-bin systematic) uncertainties, while the horizontal bars give the bin widths. The global uncertainty (of 5.7%) is not graphically represented. The blue line represents the average of all the points. $ 12 < \mathrm{B} \, p_T < 70$ GeV and $ 0 < |y| < 2.4 $. Global uncertanties are not included in the table (5.7%)

Lower mass requirement for signal regions.

Lower mass requirement for signal regions.

Lower mass requirement for signal regions.

Expected and observed events in the 16 discovery regions along with the according control regions.

Expected and observed events in the 16 discovery regions along with the according control regions.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the MS-agnostic R-hadron search.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the MS-agnostic R-hadron search.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the full-detector R-hadron search.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the full-detector R-hadron search.

p0-values and model-independent upper limits on cross-section x acceptance x efficiency for the 16 discovery regions.

p0-values and model-independent upper limits on cross-section x acceptance x efficiency for the 16 discovery regions.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the MS-agnostic search for metastable gluino R-hadrons.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the MS-agnostic search for metastable gluino R-hadrons.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the full-detector direct-stau search.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the full-detector direct-stau search.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the full-detector chargino search.

Expected signal yield and acceptance x efficiency, estimated background and observed number of events in data for the full range of simulated masses in the full-detector chargino search.

Upper cross-section limit in gluino R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in gluino R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in sbottom R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in sbottom R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in stop R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in stop R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in stau search.

Upper cross-section limit in stau search.

Upper cross-section limit in chargino search.

Upper cross-section limit in chargino search.

Lower mass limit as function of gluino lifetime.

Lower mass limit as function of gluino lifetime.

Acceptance x efficiency, acceptance and efficiency for the full range of simulated masses in the MS-agnostic R-hadron search.

Acceptance x efficiency, acceptance and efficiency for the full range of simulated masses in the MS-agnostic R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in meta-stable gluino R-hadron search.

Upper cross-section limit in meta-stable gluino R-hadron search.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV stop R-hadrons simulated using the generic model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV stop R-hadrons simulated using the generic model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV anti-stop R-hadrons simulated using the generic model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV anti-stop R-hadrons simulated using the generic model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV stop R-hadrons simulated using the Regge model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV stop R-hadrons simulated using the Regge model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV anti-stop R-hadrons simulated using the Regge model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

Flavor composition of 800 GeV anti-stop R-hadrons simulated using the Regge model as a function of radial distance from the interaction point.

ETmiss trigger efficiency as function of true ETmiss (EtmissTurnOn).

ETmiss trigger efficiency as function of true ETmiss (EtmissTurnOn).

Single-muon trigger efficiency as function of $|\eta|$ and $\beta$ (SingleMuTurnOn).

Single-muon trigger efficiency as function of $|\eta|$ and $\beta$ (SingleMuTurnOn).

Candidate reconstruction efficiency for ID+Calo selection (IDCaloEff).

Candidate reconstruction efficiency for ID+Calo selection (IDCaloEff).

Candidate reconstruction efficiency for loose selection (LooseEff).

Candidate reconstruction efficiency for loose selection (LooseEff).

Efficiency for a loose candidate to be promoted to a tight candidate (TightPromotionEff).

Efficiency for a loose candidate to be promoted to a tight candidate (TightPromotionEff).

Resolution and average of reconstructed dE/dx mass for a given simulated mass for ID+calo candidates.

Resolution and average of reconstructed dE/dx mass for a given simulated mass for ID+calo candidates.

Resolution and average of reconstructed ToF mass for a given simulated mass for ID+calo candidates.

Resolution and average of reconstructed ToF mass for a given simulated mass for ID+calo candidates.

Resolution and average of reconstructed ToF mass for a given simulated mass for FullDet candidates.

Resolution and average of reconstructed ToF mass for a given simulated mass for FullDet candidates.

Predicted ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $0.6<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.37$.

Measured ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.56<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.81$.

Predicted ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.56<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.81$.

Measured ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.81<|\eta^{\gamma}|<2.37$.

Predicted ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.81<|\eta^{\gamma}|<2.37$.

Measured double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $|\eta^{\gamma}|<0.6$.

Predicted double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $|\eta^{\gamma}|<0.6$.

Measured double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $0.6<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.37$.

Predicted double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $0.6<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.37$.

Measured double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.56<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.81$.

Predicted double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.56<|\eta^{\gamma}|<1.81$.

Measured double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.81<|\eta^{\gamma}|<2.37$.

Predicted double ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production and Z-boson production as a function of $E_{\rm T}^{\gamma}$ for $1.81<|\eta^{\gamma}|<2.37$.

Dijet mass spectra after the background only fit with the background prediction in the high-mass region with two b-tags.

Dijet mass spectra after the background only fit with the background prediction in the low-mass region with two b-tags.

The online b-tagging efficiency with respect to the offline b-tagging efficiency as a function of pT. The b-tagging online and offline working points correspond to an efficiency of 60% and 70%, respectively.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on the cross-section for the b* model in the high-mass region with inclusive b-jet selection.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio for the SSM and leptophobic Z' models in the low- and high-mass region with two b-tags selection.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on the cross-section for DM Z' models in the low-mass region with two b-tags selection. The Z' is expected to decay to all five quark flavors other than the top quark and the mediator to SM quark coupling (gSM) equal to 0.1 is assumed.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio for DM Z'->bb models in the high-mass region with two b-tags selection. The Z' is expected to decay to bb only and the mediator to SM quark coupling (gSM) equal to 0.25 is assumed.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances with intrinsic width smaller than the detector resolution. The width of the Gaussian reconstructed shape is dominated by the dijet mass resolution. The table shows the limits obtained from the high-mass inclusive one b-tag selection.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances with intrinsic width smaller than the detector resolution. The width of the Gaussian reconstructed shape is dominated by the dijet mass resolution. The table shows the limits obtained from the combined low- and high-mass two b-tags selection.

The mass distributions for the inclusive one b-tagged selection and two b-tagged selection using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 $fb^{-1}$. The inclusive one b-tagged Pythia8 MC distribution is normalized to the inclusive one b-tagged data. The two b-tagged Pythia8 MC distribution is normalized to the two b-tagged data. The systematic uncertainty band is dominated by the b-tagging scale factor and the b-jet energy scale.

Signal acceptance times efficiency for inclusive 1 b-tag and 2 b-tag categories as a function of the simulated b* and the Z' masses.

Signal acceptance times efficiency for 2 b-tag categories as a function of the simulated Z' masses.

The flavor composition of the simulated dijet background as a function of dijet mass before tagging. The fraction of the six combinations of the b-jet , c-jet and light-flavor jet are shown. All offline selections are applied.

The flavor composition of the simulated dijet background as a function of dijet mass with inclusive one b-tag. The fraction of the six combinations of the b-jet , c-jet and light-flavor jet are shown. All offline selections are applied.

The flavor composition of the simulated dijet background as a function of dijet mass with two b-tags. The fraction of the six combinations of the b-jet , c-jet and light-flavor jet are shown. All offline selections are applied.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the inclusive b-jet selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 3%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the inclusive b-jet selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 7%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the inclusive b-jet selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 10%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the inclusive b-jet selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 15%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the combined low- and high-mass two b-tags selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 3%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the combined low- and high-mass two b-tags selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 7%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the combined low- and high-mass two b-tags selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 10%.

Observed and expected 95% credibility-level upper limits on cross section times acceptance times branching ratio of X --> bb, including kinematic acceptance and b-tagging efficiencies, for resonances exhibiting a generic Gaussian shape at particle level. The table shows the limits obtained from the combined low- and high-mass two b-tags selection. The limits corresponding to Gaussian-shaped resonances with width of Γ(X)/m(X) = 15%.

Ratios of transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in three intervals of multiplicities to the respective one for inclusive (INEL>0) collisions. The spectra were normalised by the integral prior to division.