(Color online) Dynamical net charge fluctuations, $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, of particles produced with pseudorapidity $|\eta|$ < 0.5 scaled by (a) the multiplicity, $dN_{ch}/d\eta$. The dashed line corresponds to charge conservation effect and the solid line to the prediction for a resonance gas, (b) the number of participants, and (c) the number of binary collisions.

(Color online) Dynamical net charge fluctuations, $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, of particles produced with pseudorapidity $|\eta|$ < 0.5 scaled by (a) the multiplicity, $dN_{ch}/d\eta$. The dashed line corresponds to charge conservation effect and the solid line to the prediction for a resonance gas, (b) the number of participants, and (c) the number of binary collisions.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, normalized to their value for |$\eta$| < 1, as function of the integrated pseudorapidity range. (a) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-5%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (30-40%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ collision data at $\sqrt{}s$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, normalized to their value for |$\eta$| < 1, as function of the integrated pseudorapidity range. (a) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-5%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) data for $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (30-40%) along with data for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4, 200 GeV (0-10%), are compared to inclusive $p + p$ collision data at $\sqrt{}s$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, as a function of the integrated azimuthal range $\phi$ for selected collision centralities for (a) $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, as a function of the integrated azimuthal range $\phi$ for selected collision centralities for (a) $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, and (b) $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

(Color online) Dynamical fluctuations $\nu_{+−,dyn}$, as a function of the integrated azimuthal range $\phi$ for similar number of participating nucleons for $Au + Au$ and $Cu + Cu$ $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1(\eta)$ for 40-80 % centrality in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1(p_t)$ in 200 GeV Au+Au for three centralities and two pseudorapidity ranges.

Charged particle $v_1(\eta)$ for mid-central (30-60%) Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV and 62.4 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus centrality for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV and 62.4 GeV in two pseudorapidity ranges.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV.

Charged particle $v_1$ versus $\eta-y_{beam}$, for 30 − 60% Cu+Cu collisions at 62.4 GeV.

Measured cross section as a function of the Z0 rapidity.

Integrated cross section.. The second DSYS error is from the muon identification and the third from the luminosity measurement.

Measurement of the cross section for inclusive Z0/GAMMA* production. The second DSYS error is from the muon identification and the third from the luminosity measurement.

The TPC mid-rapidity multiplicity distributions ($|\eta|$ < 0.5) for the corresponding E-FTPC selected centrality bins.

Uncorrected charged particle multiplicity distribution measured in the TPC within $|\eta|$ < 0.5 in pp collisions at 200 GeV.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Vertex-finding efficiency (ǫvtx) and fake vertex rate (δfake) as a function of the number of good global tracks (a) and the number of good primary tracks (b). Errors shown or smaller than the point size are statistical only.

Vertex-finding efficiency (ǫvtx) and fake vertex rate (δfake) as a function of the number of good global tracks (a) and the number of good primary tracks (b). Errors shown or smaller than the point size are statistical only.

The $p_{T}$ dependent correction to particle spectra due to fake vertex events, $\epsilon_{fake}(p_{T})$, in 200 GeV minimum bias pp and d+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

The $p_{T}$ dependent correction to particle spectra due to fake vertex events, $\epsilon_{fake}(p_{T})$, in 200 GeV minimum bias pp and d+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in pp (a) and d+Au collisions (b) at 200 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in pp (a) and d+Au collisions (b) at 200 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.40 < p⊥ < 0.45 GeV/c in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.70 < p⊥ < 0.75 GeV/c in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.40 < p⊥ < 0.45 GeV/c in 62.4 GeV 0-5% central Au+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.70 < p⊥ < 0.75 GeV/c in 62.4 GeV 0-5% central Au+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

Pion background fraction from weak decays ($\Lambda, K_S^0$) and $\mu^{+-}$ contamination as a function of p⊥ in minimum bias d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Errors shown are statistical only.

Pion background fraction from weak decays ($\Lambda, K_S^0$) and $\mu^{+-}$ contamination as a function of p⊥ in minimum bias d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Errors shown are statistical only.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified pion spectra in Au+Au collisions at 130 GeV. Spectra are plotted for eight centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-6%, 6-11%, 11-18%, 18- 26%, 26-34%, 34-45%, 45-58%, and 58-85%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but they are smaller than the data point size. The curves are the Bose-Einstein fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K+/π+ and K−/π− ratios as a function of the collision energy in pp and central heavy-ion collisions.

The K+/K− ratio as a function of the collision energy in central heavy-ion collisions.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Baryon chemical potential extracted for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted chemical freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted chemical freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted kinetic freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Average transverse radial flow velocity extracted from the blast-wave model for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Phase diagram plot of chemical freezeout temperature versus baryon chemical potential extracted from chemical equilibrium models. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Phase diagram plot of chemical freezeout temperature versus baryon chemical potential extracted from chemical equilibrium models. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Differential cross-sections obtained from the optical and MC Glauber calculations for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Statistical errors are smaller than the point size.

Differential cross-sections obtained from the optical and MC Glauber calculations for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Statistical errors are smaller than the point size.