v2 ratio of 10-20%HeAu/0-10%dAu and UC pAu/0-10%dAu

v3 ratio of 10-20%HeAu/0-10%dAu and UC pAu/0-10%dAu

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV (Multiplicity class 60-80%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 0-10%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 10-20%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 20-30%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 30-40%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 40-60%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 60-80%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 0-10%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 10-20%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 20-30%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 30-40%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 40-60%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV (Multiplicity class 60-80%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV (Multiplicity class 0-10%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV (Multiplicity class 10-20%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV (Multiplicity class 20-30%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV (Multiplicity class 30-40%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV (Multiplicity class 40-60%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV (Multiplicity class 60-80%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV (Multiplicity class 0-10%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV (Multiplicity class 10-20%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV (Multiplicity class 20-30%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV (Multiplicity class 30-40%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV (Multiplicity class 40-60%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV (Multiplicity class 60-80%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV (Multiplicity class 0-10%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV (Multiplicity class 10-20%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV (Multiplicity class 20-30%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV (Multiplicity class 30-40%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV (Multiplicity class 40-60%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$-differential yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV (Multiplicity class 60-80%).

$p_{\mathrm T}$- integrated yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$p_{\mathrm T}$- integrated yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$p_{\mathrm T}$- integrated yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$p_{\mathrm T}$- integrated yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$p_{\mathrm T}$- integrated yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$p_{\mathrm T}$- integrated yield of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

<$p_{\mathrm T}$> of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

<$p_{\mathrm T}$> of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

<$p_{\mathrm T}$> of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

<$p_{\mathrm T}$> of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

<$p_{\mathrm T}$> of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

<$p_{\mathrm T}$> of $\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. $<(dN_{ch}/dy)^{1/3}>$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. $<(dN_{ch}/dy)^{1/3}>$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~11.5 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. $<(dN_{ch}/dy)^{1/3}>$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. $<(dN_{ch}/dy)^{1/3}>$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. $<(dN_{ch}/dy)^{1/3}>$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{\mathrm{K^{*0}} + \bar{\mathrm{K^{*0}}}}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. $<(dN_{ch}/dy)^{1/3}>$ in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV. Total systematic error is the quadrature sum of the correlated and uncorrelated systematic errors

$\frac{2\phi}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV

$\frac{2\phi}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV

$\frac{2\phi}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV

$\frac{2\phi}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV

$\frac{2\phi}{K^{+} + K^{-}}$ vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$7.7 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$11.5 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$14.5 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$19.6 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$27 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$39 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$62.4 GeV

lower limit of hadronic phase lifetime vs. < Npart > in AuAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~$200 GeV

Reference multiplicity distributions obtained from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV data (black markers), Glauber model (red histogram), and unfolding approach to separate single and pileup contributions. Vertical lines represent statistical uncertainties. Single, pileup, and single+pileup collisions are shown in solid blue markers, dashed green, and dashed pink lines, respectively. The 0–5% central events and 5–60% mid-central to peripheral events are indicated by black arrows. The ratio of the single+pileup to the measured multiplicity distribution is shown in the lower panel.

Reference multiplicity distributions obtained from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV data (black markers), Glauber model (red histogram), and unfolding approach to separate single and pileup contributions. Vertical lines represent statistical uncertainties. Single, pileup, and single+pileup collisions are shown in solid blue markers, dashed green, and dashed pink lines, respectively. The 0–5% central events and 5–60% mid-central to peripheral events are indicated by black arrows. The ratio of the single+pileup to the measured multiplicity distribution is shown in the lower panel.

Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity (black circles) from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Centrality-binned results with and without centrality bin width corrections are represented by red circles and blue squares, respectively. Vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes, from right to left: 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–20%. Data points in this figure are only corrected for detector efficiency but not for the pileup effect, which will be discussed in a later section.

Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity (black circles) from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Centrality-binned results with and without centrality bin width corrections are represented by red circles and blue squares, respectively. Vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes, from right to left: 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–20%. Data points in this figure are only corrected for detector efficiency but not for the pileup effect, which will be discussed in a later section.

Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity (black circles) from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Centrality-binned results with and without centrality bin width corrections are represented by red circles and blue squares, respectively. Vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes, from right to left: 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–20%. Data points in this figure are only corrected for detector efficiency but not for the pileup effect, which will be discussed in a later section.

Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected and uncorrected cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity are represented by black circles and blue open squares, respectively. Red circles and blue-filled squares represent the results of centrality binned data.

Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected and uncorrected cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity are represented by black circles and blue open squares, respectively. Red circles and blue-filled squares represent the results of centrality binned data.

Ratios of proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected and uncorrected cumulants are represented by black circles and blue open squares, respectively. Red circles and blue-filled squares represent the results of centrality binned data.

Ratios of proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected and uncorrected cumulants are represented by black circles and blue open squares, respectively. Red circles and blue-filled squares represent the results of centrality binned data.

UrQMD results of the proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$= 3 GeV. The black circles are without VF correction while blue squares and red triangles are results with VFC which used $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from UrQMD and Glauber models, respectively. The blue crosses are calculations using UrQMD events with b $\leq$ 3 fm. The above results are applied CBWC except for the one (blue crosses) using b $\leq$3 fm events.

UrQMD results of the proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$= 3 GeV. The black circles are without VF correction while blue squares and red triangles are results with VFC which used $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from UrQMD and Glauber models, respectively. The blue crosses are calculations using UrQMD events with b $\leq$ 3 fm. The above results are applied CBWC except for the one (blue crosses) using b $\leq$3 fm events.

Proton cumulants up to sixth order in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction is shown as grey open squares while data with volume fluctuation correction using $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from Glauber and UrQMD models are shown as black circles and black open triangles, respectively. The corresponding centrality binned cumulants are shown in blue squares, red circles, and orange triangles, respectively. Similarly to Fig. 6, the vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes.

Proton cumulants up to sixth order in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction is shown as grey open squares while data with volume fluctuation correction using $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from Glauber and UrQMD models are shown as black circles and black open triangles, respectively. The corresponding centrality binned cumulants are shown in blue squares, red circles, and orange triangles, respectively. Similarly to Fig. 6, the vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes.

Proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction are shown as grey open squares while data with volume fluctuation correction using $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from Glauber and UrQMD models are shown as black circles and black open triangles, respectively. The corresponding centrality binned cumulants are shown in blue squares, red circles, and orange triangles, respectively. Similarly to Fig. 6, the vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes.

Proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction are shown as grey open squares while data with volume fluctuation correction using $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from Glauber and UrQMD models are shown as black circles and black open triangles, respectively. The corresponding centrality binned cumulants are shown in blue squares, red circles, and orange triangles, respectively. Similarly to Fig. 6, the vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes.

UrQMD results of proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The vertical dashed lines indicate the centrality classes.

Experimental results on centrality dependence of cumulants (left panels) and cumulant ratios (right panels) up to sixth order of the proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $N_{\rm part}$ = 3 GeV. The open squares are data without VF correction while red circles and blue triangles are results with VF correction with $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from Glauber and UrQMD models, respectively.

Experimental results on centrality dependence of cumulants (left panels) and cumulant ratios (right panels) up to sixth order of the proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $N_{\rm part}$ = 3 GeV. The open squares are data without VF correction while red circles and blue triangles are results with VF correction with $N_{\rm part}$ distributions from Glauber and UrQMD models, respectively.

Same as Fig. 14 but for correlation function (left panels) and their normalized ratios (right panels).

Same as Fig. 14 but for correlation function (left panels) and their normalized ratios (right panels).

Cumulants and cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The transverse momentum window is $p_{\rm T}$ from $0.4<p_{\rm T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$ and the rapidity window is $−0.5<y<0$. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are represented by black and gray bars, respectively. UrQMD predictions are depicted by gold bands.

Cumulants and cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The transverse momentum window is $p_{\rm T}$ from $0.4<p_{\rm T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$ and the rapidity window is $−0.5<y<0$. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are represented by black and gray bars, respectively. UrQMD predictions are depicted by gold bands.

Same as Fig. 16 but for correlation functions and correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV.

Same as Fig. 16 but for correlation functions and correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV.

The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. In the left column, the $p_{\rm T}$ analysis window is $0.4<p_{\rm T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$ while the rapidity window is varied in the range $y_{\rm min}<y<0$. In the right column, the rapidit$y$ analysis window is $−0.5<y<0$ while the $p_{\rm T}$ is varied in the range $0.4<p_{\rm T}<p_{\rm T}^{\rm max}$ GeV/$c$. The most central (0–5%) and peripheral (50–60%) events are depicted by black squares and blue triangles, respectively. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are represented by black and gray bars, respectively. UrQMD simulations for the top 0–5% and 50–60% are shown by gold and blue bands, respectively.

The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. In the left column, the $p_{\rm T}$ analysis window is $0.4<p_{\rm T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$ while the rapidity window is varied in the range $y_{\rm min}<y<0$. In the right column, the rapidit$y$ analysis window is $−0.5<y<0$ while the $p_{\rm T}$ is varied in the range $0.4<p_{\rm T}<p_{\rm T}^{\rm max}$ GeV/$c$. The most central (0–5%) and peripheral (50–60%) events are depicted by black squares and blue triangles, respectively. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are represented by black and gray bars, respectively. UrQMD simulations for the top 0–5% and 50–60% are shown by gold and blue bands, respectively.

The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. In the left column, the $p_{\rm T}$ analysis window is $0.4<p_{\rm T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$ while the rapidity window is varied in the range $y_{\rm min}<y<0$. In the right column, the rapidit$y$ analysis window is $−0.5<y<0$ while the $p_{\rm T}$ is varied in the range $0.4<p_{\rm T}<p_{\rm T}^{\rm max}$ GeV/$c$. The most central (0–5%) and peripheral (50–60%) events are depicted by black squares and blue triangles, respectively. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are represented by black and gray bars, respectively. UrQMD simulations for the top 0–5% and 50–60% are shown by gold and blue bands, respectively.

The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. In the left column, the $p_{\rm T}$ analysis window is $0.4<p_{\rm T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$ while the rapidity window is varied in the range $y_{\rm min}<y<0$. In the right column, the rapidit$y$ analysis window is $−0.5<y<0$ while the $p_{\rm T}$ is varied in the range $0.4<p_{\rm T}<p_{\rm T}^{\rm max}$ GeV/$c$. The most central (0–5%) and peripheral (50–60%) events are depicted by black squares and blue triangles, respectively. Statistical and systematic uncertainties are represented by black and gray bars, respectively. UrQMD simulations for the top 0–5% and 50–60% are shown by gold and blue bands, respectively.

As in Fig. 18 but for transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV.

As in Fig. 18 but for transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV.

As in Fig. 18 but for transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV.

As in Fig. 18 but for transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV.

Collision energy dependence of the cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1=\sigma/M$, $C_3/C_2=S\sigma$, and $C_4/C_2=\kappa\sigma^2$, for protons (open squares) and net protons (red circles) from top 0–5% (top panels) and 50–60% (bottom panels) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The points for protons are shifted horizontally for clarity. The new result for protons from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is shown as a filled square. UrQMD results with $|y|<0.5$ for protons are shown as gold bands while those for net protons are shown as green dashed lines or green bands. At 3GeV, the model results for protons (−0.5) are shown as blue crosses. UrQMD results of proton and net-proton $C_4/C_2$, see right panels, are almost totally overlapped. The open cross is the result of the model with a fixed impact parameter $b < 3$ fm. The hydrodynamic calculations, for 5% central Au+Au collisions, for protons from $|y|<0.5$ are shown as dashed red linea and the result of the 3 GeV protons from $−0.5<y<0$ is shown as an open red star.

Collision energy dependence of the cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1=\sigma/M$, $C_3/C_2=S\sigma$, and $C_4/C_2=\kappa\sigma^2$, for protons (open squares) and net protons (red circles) from top 0–5% (top panels) and 50–60% (bottom panels) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The points for protons are shifted horizontally for clarity. The new result for protons from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is shown as a filled square. UrQMD results with $|y|<0.5$ for protons are shown as gold bands while those for net protons are shown as green dashed lines or green bands. At 3GeV, the model results for protons (−0.5) are shown as blue crosses. UrQMD results of proton and net-proton $C_4/C_2$, see right panels, are almost totally overlapped. The open cross is the result of the model with a fixed impact parameter $b < 3$ fm. The hydrodynamic calculations, for 5% central Au+Au collisions, for protons from $|y|<0.5$ are shown as dashed red linea and the result of the 3 GeV protons from $−0.5<y<0$ is shown as an open red star.

Collision energy dependence of the cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1=\sigma/M$, $C_3/C_2=S\sigma$, and $C_4/C_2=\kappa\sigma^2$, for protons (open squares) and net protons (red circles) from top 0–5% (top panels) and 50–60% (bottom panels) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The points for protons are shifted horizontally for clarity. The new result for protons from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is shown as a filled square. UrQMD results with $|y|<0.5$ for protons are shown as gold bands while those for net protons are shown as green dashed lines or green bands. At 3GeV, the model results for protons (−0.5) are shown as blue crosses. UrQMD results of proton and net-proton $C_4/C_2$, see right panels, are almost totally overlapped. The open cross is the result of the model with a fixed impact parameter $b < 3$ fm. The hydrodynamic calculations, for 5% central Au+Au collisions, for protons from $|y|<0.5$ are shown as dashed red linea and the result of the 3 GeV protons from $−0.5<y<0$ is shown as an open red star.

Collision energy dependence of the cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1=\sigma/M$, $C_3/C_2=S\sigma$, and $C_4/C_2=\kappa\sigma^2$, for protons (open squares) and net protons (red circles) from top 0–5% (top panels) and 50–60% (bottom panels) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The points for protons are shifted horizontally for clarity. The new result for protons from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is shown as a filled square. UrQMD results with $|y|<0.5$ for protons are shown as gold bands while those for net protons are shown as green dashed lines or green bands. At 3GeV, the model results for protons (−0.5) are shown as blue crosses. UrQMD results of proton and net-proton $C_4/C_2$, see right panels, are almost totally overlapped. The open cross is the result of the model with a fixed impact parameter $b < 3$ fm. The hydrodynamic calculations, for 5% central Au+Au collisions, for protons from $|y|<0.5$ are shown as dashed red linea and the result of the 3 GeV protons from $−0.5<y<0$ is shown as an open red star.

Collision energy dependence of the cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1=\sigma/M$, $C_3/C_2=S\sigma$, and $C_4/C_2=\kappa\sigma^2$, for protons (open squares) and net protons (red circles) from top 0–5% (top panels) and 50–60% (bottom panels) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The points for protons are shifted horizontally for clarity. The new result for protons from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is shown as a filled square. UrQMD results with $|y|<0.5$ for protons are shown as gold bands while those for net protons are shown as green dashed lines or green bands. At 3GeV, the model results for protons (−0.5) are shown as blue crosses. UrQMD results of proton and net-proton $C_4/C_2$, see right panels, are almost totally overlapped. The open cross is the result of the model with a fixed impact parameter $b < 3$ fm. The hydrodynamic calculations, for 5% central Au+Au collisions, for protons from $|y|<0.5$ are shown as dashed red linea and the result of the 3 GeV protons from $−0.5<y<0$ is shown as an open red star.

Collision energy dependence of the cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1=\sigma/M$, $C_3/C_2=S\sigma$, and $C_4/C_2=\kappa\sigma^2$, for protons (open squares) and net protons (red circles) from top 0–5% (top panels) and 50–60% (bottom panels) Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The points for protons are shifted horizontally for clarity. The new result for protons from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions is shown as a filled square. UrQMD results with $|y|<0.5$ for protons are shown as gold bands while those for net protons are shown as green dashed lines or green bands. At 3GeV, the model results for protons (−0.5) are shown as blue crosses. UrQMD results of proton and net-proton $C_4/C_2$, see right panels, are almost totally overlapped. The open cross is the result of the model with a fixed impact parameter $b < 3$ fm. The hydrodynamic calculations, for 5% central Au+Au collisions, for protons from $|y|<0.5$ are shown as dashed red linea and the result of the 3 GeV protons from $−0.5<y<0$ is shown as an open red star.

The unfolded differential charge asymmetry as a function of the transverse momentum of the top pair system. The measured values are given with statistical and systematic uncertainties. The SM theory predictions calculated at NNLO in QCD and NLO in EW theory are listed. The scale uncertainty is obtained by varying renormalisation and factorisation scales independently by a factor of 2 or 0.5 around $\mu_0$ to calculate the maximum and minimum value of the asymmetry, respectively. The nominal value $\mu_0$ is chosen as $H_T/4$. The variations in which one scale is multiplied by 2 while the other scale is divided by 2 are excluded. Finally, the scale and MC integration uncertainties are added in quadrature.

The unfolded differential charge asymmetry as a function of the longitudinal boost of the top pair system. The measured values are given with statistical and systematic uncertainties. The SM theory predictions calculated at NNLO in QCD and NLO in EW theory are listed. The scale uncertainty is obtained by varying renormalisation and factorisation scales independently by a factor of 2 or 0.5 around $\mu_0$ to calculate the maximum and minimum value of the asymmetry, respectively. The nominal value $\mu_0$ is chosen as $H_T/4$. The variations in which one scale is multiplied by 2 while the other scale is divided by 2 are excluded. Finally, the scale and MC integration uncertainties are added in quadrature.

The unfolded inclusive leptonic asymmetry. The unfolded $A_C^{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ is obtained in the reduced phase-space defined by the requirement $|\Delta |\eta_{\ell\bar{\ell}}||<2.5$. The measured values are given with statistical and systematic uncertainties. The SM theory predictions calculated at NLO in QCD and NLO in EW theory are listed. The theory uncertainty is obtained by varying both scales by a factor of 0.5 or 2.0 to calculate the minimum and maximum value of the asymmetry, respectively.

The unfolded differential leptonic asymmetry as a function of the invariant mass of the di-lepton pair. The unfolded $A_C^{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ is obtained in the reduced phase-space defined by the requirement $|\Delta |\eta_{\ell\bar{\ell}}||<2.5$. The measured values are given with statistical and systematic uncertainties. The SM theory predictions calculated at NLO in QCD and NLO in EW theory are listed. The theory uncertainty is obtained by varying both scales by a factor of 0.5 or 2.0 to calculate the minimum and maximum value of the asymmetry, respectively.

The unfolded differential leptonic asymmetry as a function of the transverse momentum of the di-lepton pair. The unfolded $A_C^{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ is obtained in the reduced phase-space defined by the requirement $|\Delta |\eta_{\ell\bar{\ell}}||<2.5$. The measured values are given with statistical and systematic uncertainties. The SM theory predictions calculated at NLO in QCD and NLO in EW theory are listed. The theory uncertainty is obtained by varying both scales by a factor of 0.5 or 2.0 to calculate the minimum and maximum value of the asymmetry, respectively.

The unfolded differential leptonic asymmetry as a function of the longitudinal boost of the di-lepton pair. The unfolded $A_C^{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ is obtained in the reduced phase-space defined by the requirement $|\Delta |\eta_{\ell\bar{\ell}}||<2.5$. The measured values are given with statistical and systematic uncertainties. The SM theory predictions calculated at NLO in QCD and NLO in EW theory are listed. The theory uncertainty is obtained by varying both scales by a factor of 0.5 or 2.0 to calculate the minimum and maximum value of the asymmetry, respectively.

Individual 68% and 95% CL bounds on the relevant Wilson coefficients of the SM Effective Field Theory in units of $\text{TeV}^{-2}$. The bounds are derived from the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ inclusive measurement. The experimental uncertainties are accounted for, in the form of the complete covariance matrix that keeps track of correlations between bins for the differential measurement. The theory uncertainty from the NNLO QCD + NLO EW calculation is included by explicitly varying the renormalization and factorization scales, or the parton density functions, in the calculation and registering the variations in the intervals.

Individual 68% and 95% CL bounds on the relevant Wilson coefficients of the SM Effective Field Theory in units of $\text{TeV}^{-2}$. The bounds are derived from the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement. The experimental uncertainties are accounted for, in the form of the complete covariance matrix that keeps track of correlations between bins for the differential measurement. The theory uncertainty from the NNLO QCD + NLO EW calculation is included by explicitly varying the renormalization and factorization scales, or the parton density functions, in the calculation and registering the variations in the intervals.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ inclusive measurement. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [0,0.3]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [0.3,0.6]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [0.6,0.8]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [0.8,1]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $m_{t\bar{t}}$ < 500 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $m_{t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [500,750] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $m_{t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [750,1000] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $m_{t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [1000,1500] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $m_{t\bar{t}}$ > 1500 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ < 30 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ $\in$ [30,120] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ measurement for $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ > 120 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ inclusive measurement. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$[0,0.3]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$[0.3,0.6]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$[0.6,0.8]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$[0.8,1]. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ < 200 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$ [200,300] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$ [300,400] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ > 400 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ < 20 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ $\in$ [20, 70] GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Ranking of the systematic uncertainties with marginalisation for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement for $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ > 70 GeV. The effect on unfolded $A_C$ for down and up variation of the systematic uncertainty is shown, respectively. The pulls and constraints of the ranked NPs are obtained from data.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ inclusive measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ inclusive measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Post-marginalisation correlation coefficients $\rho_{ij}$ of nuisance parameters for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement. Only $|\rho_{ij}| > 0.05$ values are included.

Covariance matrix for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $m_{t\bar{t}}$ measurement. The total (stat. + syst.) uncertainties are considered.

Covariance matrix for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $p_{T,t\bar{t}}$ measurement. The total (stat. + syst.) uncertainties are considered.

Covariance matrix for the $A_C^{t\bar{t}}$ vs $\beta_{z,t\bar{t}}$ measurement. The total (stat. + syst.) uncertainties are considered.

Covariance matrix for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $m_{\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement. The total (stat. + syst.) uncertainties are considered.

Covariance matrix for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $p_{T,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement. The total (stat. + syst.) uncertainties are considered.

Covariance matrix for the $A_C^{\ell\ell}$ vs $\beta_{z,\ell\bar{\ell}}$ measurement. The total (stat. + syst.) uncertainties are considered.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $50$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $200$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $200$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of the centre-of-mass rapidity $y_{cm}$ in transverse momentum intervals of $200$ MeV$/c$ width. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes. Lines are to guide the eye.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

The flow coefficients $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$ (from top to bottom panels) of protons, deuterons and tritons (from left to right panels) in semi-central ($20 - 30 \%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV as a function of $p_{t}$ in several rapidity intervals chosen symmetrically around mid-rapidity. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

Directed (d$v_{1}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper left panel), triangular (d$v_{3}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper right panel), elliptic ($v_{2}$, lower left panel) and quadrangular ($v_{4}$, lower right panel) flow of protons, deuterons and tritons in two transverse momentum intervals (open symbols: $0.6 < p_{t} < 0.9$ GeV$/c$ and filled symbols: $1.5 < p_{t} < 1.8$ GeV$/c$) at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV for four centrality classes. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

Directed (d$v_{1}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper left panel), triangular (d$v_{3}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper right panel), elliptic ($v_{2}$, lower left panel) and quadrangular ($v_{4}$, lower right panel) flow of protons, deuterons and tritons in two transverse momentum intervals (open symbols: $0.6 < p_{t} < 0.9$ GeV$/c$ and filled symbols: $1.5 < p_{t} < 1.8$ GeV$/c$) at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV for four centrality classes. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

Directed (d$v_{1}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper left panel), triangular (d$v_{3}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper right panel), elliptic ($v_{2}$, lower left panel) and quadrangular ($v_{4}$, lower right panel) flow of protons, deuterons and tritons in two transverse momentum intervals (open symbols: $0.6 < p_{t} < 0.9$ GeV$/c$ and filled symbols: $1.5 < p_{t} < 1.8$ GeV$/c$) at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV for four centrality classes. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

Directed (d$v_{1}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper left panel), triangular (d$v_{3}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, upper right panel), elliptic ($v_{2}$, lower left panel) and quadrangular ($v_{4}$, lower right panel) flow of protons, deuterons and tritons in two transverse momentum intervals (open symbols: $0.6 < p_{t} < 0.9$ GeV$/c$ and filled symbols: $1.5 < p_{t} < 1.8$ GeV$/c$) at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV for four centrality classes. Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

Shown as red points are the slope of $v_{1}$ at mid-rapidity (left panel), d$v_{1}$/d$y^{\prime}|_{y^{\prime} = 0}$, and the $p_{t}$ integrated $v_{2}$ at mid-rapidity (right panel) for protons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV ($10 - 30 \%$ centrality).

Parameters describing the initial nucleon distribution for the different centrality classes as calculated within the Glauber-MC approach (Adamczewski-Musch:2017sdk). Listed are the corresponding average impact parameter $\langle b \rangle$ and the average participant eccentricities $\langle \epsilon_{2} \rangle$ and $\langle \epsilon_{4} \rangle$.

Scaled elliptic flow of protons, deuterons and tritons in two transverse momentum intervals at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.4$ GeV for four centrality classes. The values are divided by the second order eccentricity, $v_{2} / \langle \epsilon_{2} \rangle$, as calculated within the Glauber-MC approach for the corresponding centrality range (see Table 4 Eccentricities). Systematic uncertainties are displayed as boxes.

Same as in Figure 15, but for the scaled quadrangular flow. The values are divided by the square of second order eccentricity, $v_{4} / \langle \epsilon_{2} \rangle^{2}$ (left panel), and by the fourth order eccentricity, $v_{4} / \langle \epsilon_{4} \rangle$ (right panel).

Same as in Figure 15, but for the scaled quadrangular flow. The values are divided by the square of second order eccentricity, $v_{4} / \langle \epsilon_{2} \rangle^{2}$ (left panel), and by the fourth order eccentricity, $v_{4} / \langle \epsilon_{4} \rangle$ (right panel).

'Identified transverse momentum spectra of $\pi^{-}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV'

'Identified transverse momentum spectra of $K^{-}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV'

'Identified transverse momentum spectra of $\bar{p}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV'

'Average transverse momentum as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $\pi^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'Average transverse momentum as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $K^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'Average transverse momentum as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for p at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $\pi^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $K^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for p at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $\bar{p}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$\pi^{−}$/$\pi^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$K^{−}$/$K^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$\bar{p}$/p ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$K^{+}$/$\pi^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$K^{-}$/$\pi^{-}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'p/$\pi^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$\bar{p}$/$\pi^{-}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

The $\phi$-meson integrated nuclear modification factors $R_{AB}$ measured as a function of $N_{part}$

The comparison of $\phi$ meson (a) $v_2$ and (b) $v_2/(\epsilon N_{part}^{1/3})$ measured as a function of $p_T$ in Cu+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 193 GeVat midrapidity (|η| < 0.35)

The comparison of elliptic flow (a) $v_2$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $p_T$ in $0\%–20\%$ Cu+Au collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (b) $v_2$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $KE_T$ in $0\%–20\%$ Cu+Au collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (c) $v_2/n_q$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $KE_T/n_q$ in $0\%–20\%$ Cu+Au collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (a) $v_2$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $p_T$ in $20\%–60\%$ Cu+Au collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (b) $v_2$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $KE_T$ in $20\%–60\%$ Cu+Au collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (c) $v_2/n_q$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $KE_T/n_q$ in $20\%–60\%$ Cu+Au collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (a) $v_2$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $p_T$ in $0\%–50\%$ U+U collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (b) $v_2$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $KE_T$ in $0\%–50\%$ U+U collisions

The comparison of elliptic flow (c) $v_2/n_q$ values measured for $\phi$ mesons as a function of $KE_T/n_q$ in $0\%–50\%$ U+U collisions

Proton factorial cumulants K4, K5 and K6 in 0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, measurement is done with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Proton factorial cumulants K4, K5 and K6 in 0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, measurement is done with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Proton factorial cumulants K4, K5 and K6 in 0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, measurement is done with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Proton factorial cumulants K4, K5 and K6 from UrQMD model (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) for Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. UrQMD calculation for 3 GeVis with rapidity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5). In addition, two-component model (0-40$\%$) calculations for facorial cumulants are also given.

Proton factorial cumulants K4, K5 and K6 from UrQMD model (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) for Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. UrQMD calculation for 3 GeVis with rapidity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5). In addition, two-component model (0-40$\%$) calculations for facorial cumulants are also given.

Proton factorial cumulants K4, K5 and K6 from UrQMD model (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) for Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. UrQMD calculation for 3 GeVis with rapidity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5). In addition, two-component model (0-40$\%$) calculations for facorial cumulants are also given.

Net-proton cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) and C3/C1 (0-40$\%$ centrality) in Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, measurement is done for protons instead of net-protons, and with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Net-proton cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) and C3/C1 (0-40$\%$ centrality) in Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, measurement is done for protons instead of net-protons, and with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Net-proton cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) and C3/C1 (0-40$\%$ centrality) in Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 - 200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, measurement is done for protons instead of net-protons, and with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Net-proton cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) and C3/C1 (0-40$\%$ centrality) from UrQMD model in Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 -200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, UrQMD calculation is done for protons instead of net-protons, and with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Net-proton cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) and C3/C1 (0-40$\%$ centrality) from UrQMD model in Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 -200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, UrQMD calculation is done for protons instead of net-protons, and with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Net-proton cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 (0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality) and C3/C1 (0-40$\%$ centrality) from UrQMD model in Au+Au collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 -200 GeV. At $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV, UrQMD calculation is done for protons instead of net-protons, and with halfrapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) while for rest of energies the rapidity coverage is (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ -0.5).

Fifth-to-first (KS5/KS1) and sixth-to-second (KS6/KS2) order K-statistic ratios of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV for 0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality.

Fifth-to-first (KS5/KS1) and sixth-to-second (KS6/KS2) order K-statistic ratios of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV for 0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality.

Fifth-to-first (KS5/KS1) and sixth-to-second (KS6/KS2) order K-statistic ratios of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV for 0-40$\%$ and 50-60$\%$ centrality.

Net-proton cumulant ratio C6/C2 and corresponding K-statistic ratio (0-40$\%$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV as a function of sample size. Uncertainties are only statistical.

Net-proton cumulant ratio C6/C2 and corresponding K-statistic ratio (0-40$\%$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV as a function of sample size. Uncertainties are only statistical.

Net-proton cumulant ratio C6/C2 and corresponding K-statistic ratio (0-40$\%$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV as a function of sample size. Uncertainties are only statistical.

Cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1 and C6/C2 of net-proton distributions measured with half rapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) in 0-40$\%$ central Au+Au collisions for collider energies from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 54.4 GeV.

Cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 and C3/C1 of net-proton distributions measured with half rapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) in 0-40$\%$ central Au+Au collisions for collider energies from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 54.4 GeV.

Cumulant ratios C4/C2, C5/C1, C6/C2 and C3/C1 of net-proton distributions measured with half rapdity coverage (-0.5 $<$ y $<$ 0) in 0-40$\%$ central Au+Au collisions for collider energies from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 54.4 GeV.

Cumulant ratios C5/C1 of net-proton distributions measured in 40-50$\%$, 60-70$\%$, and 70-80$\%$ Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. This is supplemental data and was not part of the original paper.

Inclusive Y(1S) $R_{AA}$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Global uncertainty of 6.8% not shown.

Inclusive Y(2S) $R_{AA}$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Global uncertainty of 6.8% not shown.

Inclusive Y(1S) yield as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The bin corresponding to $N_{part}$ = 162 is for 0-60% centrality.

Inclusive Y(2S) yield as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The bin corresponding to $N_{part}$ = 162 is for 0-60% centrality.

Upper limit of inclusive Y(3S) yield with 95% confidence level in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

Inclusive Y(1S) yield as a function of $p_{T}$ in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Inclusive Y(2S) yield as a function of p_{T} in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Y(2S)/Y(1S) ratio as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The bin corresponding to $N_{part}$ = 162 is for 0-60% centrality.

Upper limit of Y(3S)/Y(1S) ratio with 95% confidence level in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

Y(2S)/Y(1S) ratio as a function of $p_{T}$ in 0-60% Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

Data selection efficiency as a function of nuclear recoil energy

Data points used in analysis in log_10(S2)-S1 space