Measurement of energy flow, cross section and average inelasticity of forward neutrons produced in $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV}$ proton-proton collisions with the LHCf Arm2 detector

The LHCf collaboration Adriani, O. ; Berti, E. ; Bonechi, L. ; et al.
JHEP 07 (2020) 016, 2020.
Inspire Record 1783943 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.130268

In this paper, we report the measurement of the energy flow, the cross section and the average inelasticity of forward neutrons (+ antineutrons) produced in $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV proton-proton collisions. These quantities are obtained from the inclusive differential production cross section, measured using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in six pseudorapidity regions: three of them ($\eta > 10.75$, $8.99 < \eta < 9.21$ and $8.80 < \eta < 8.99$), albeit with smaller acceptance and larger uncertainties, were already published in a previous work, whereas the remaining three ($10.06 < \eta < 10.75$, $9.65 < \eta < 10.06$ and $8.65 < \eta < 8.80$) are presented here for the first time. The analysis was carried out using a data set acquired in June 2015 with a corresponding integrated luminosity of $\mathrm{0.194~nb^{-1}}$. Comparing the experimental measurements with the expectations of several hadronic interaction models used to simulate cosmic ray air showers, none of these generators resulted to have a satisfactory agreement in all the phase space selected for the analysis. The inclusive differential production cross section for $\eta > 10.75$ is not reproduced by any model, whereas the results still indicate a significant but less serious deviation at lower pseudorapidities. Depending on the pseudorapidity region, the generators showing the best overall agreement with data are either SIBYLL 2.3 or EPOS-LHC. Furthermore, apart from the most forward region, the derived energy flow and cross section distributions are best reproduced by EPOS-LHC. Finally, even if none of the models describe the elasticity distribution in a satisfactory way, the extracted average inelasticity is consistent with the QGSJET II-04 value, while most of the other generators give values that lie just outside the experimental uncertainties.

9 data tables

Neutron (and antineutron) inclusive differential production cross section in $\eta > 10.75$

Neutron (and antineutron) inclusive differential production cross section in $10.06 < \eta < 10.75$

Neutron (and antineutron) inclusive differential production cross section in $9.65 < \eta < 10.06$

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Measurement of inclusive forward neutron production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13~TeV}$ with the LHCf Arm2 detector

The LHCf collaboration Adriani, O. ; Berti, E. ; Bonechi, L. ; et al.
JHEP 11 (2018) 073, 2018.
Inspire Record 1692008 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.87099

In this paper, we report the measurement relative to the production of forward neutrons in proton-proton collisions at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13~TeV}$ obtained using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results for the inclusive differential production cross section are presented as a function of energy in three different pseudorapidity regions: $\eta > 10.76$, $8.99 < \eta < 9.22$ and $8.81 < \eta < 8.99$. The analysis was performed using a data set acquired in June 2015 that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $\mathrm{0.194~nb^{-1}}$. The measurements were compared with the predictions of several hadronic interaction models used to simulate air showers generated by Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays. None of these generators showed good agreement with the data for all pseudorapidity intervals. For $\eta > 10.76$, no model is able to reproduce the observed peak structure at around $\mathrm{5~TeV}$ and all models underestimate the total production cross section: among them, QGSJET II-04 shows the smallest deficit with respect to data for the whole energy range. For $8.99 < \eta < 9.22$ and $8.81 < \eta < 8.99$, the models having the best overall agreement with data are SIBYLL 2.3 and EPOS-LHC, respectively: in particular, in both regions SIBYLL 2.3 is able to reproduce the observed peak structure at around $\mathrm{1.5-2.5~TeV}$.

3 data tables

Inclusive neutron (and antineutron) production cross section in $\eta > 10.76$

Inclusive neutron (and antineutron) production cross section in $8.99 < \eta < 9.22$

Inclusive neutron (and antineutron) production cross section in $8.81 < \eta < 8.99$


Measurement of forward photon production cross-section in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the LHCf detector

The LHCf collaboration Adriani, O. ; Berti, E. ; Bonechi, L. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 780 (2018) 233-239, 2018.
Inspire Record 1518782 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.86566

In this paper, we report the production cross-section of forward photons in the pseudorapidity regions of $\eta\,&gt;\,10.94$ and $8.99\,&gt;\,\eta\,&gt;\,8.81$, measured by the LHCf experiment with proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results from the analysis of 0.191 $\mathrm{nb^{-1}}$ of data obtained in June 2015 are compared to the predictions of several hadronic interaction models that are used in air-shower simulations for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Although none of the models agree perfectly with the data, EPOS-LHC shows the best agreement with the experimental data among the models.

2 data tables

Inclusive photon production cross section in $\eta > 10.94$

Inclusive photon production cross section in $8.81<\eta<8.99$


Measurements of longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions for neutral pions in the forward-rapidity region with the LHCf detector

The LHCf collaboration Adriani, O. ; Berti, E. ; Bonechi, L. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.D 94 (2016) 032007, 2016.
Inspire Record 1385877 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.74066

The differential cross sections for inclusive neutral pions as a function of transverse and longitudinal momentum in the very forward rapidity region have been measured at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the Large Hadron Collider forward detector (LHCf) in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 2.76 and 7 TeV and in proton-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s_\text{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV. Such differential cross sections in proton-proton collisions are compatible with the hypotheses of limiting fragmentation and Feynman scaling. Comparing proton-proton with proton-lead collisions, we find a sizable suppression of the production of neutral pions in the differential cross sections after subtraction of ultra-peripheral proton-lead collisions. This suppression corresponds to the nuclear modification factor value of about 0.1-0.3. The experimental measurements presented in this paper provide a benchmark for the hadronic interaction Monte Carlo simulation codes that are used for the simulation of cosmic ray air showers.

20 data tables

The average $\pi^{0}$ transverse momenta for the rapidity range $8.8<y<10.6$ in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ and 7 TeV and for the rapidity range $-8.8>y_\rm{lab}>-10.6$ in $p+\rm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. The rapidity values for $p+\rm{Pb}$ collisions are in the detector reference frame and must be multiplied by -1.

Production rate for the $\pi^{0}$ production in the rapidity range $8.8 < y < 9.0$ in $p+p$ collisions and in the rapidity range $-8.8 > y_\rm{lab} > -9.0$ in $p+\rm{Pb}$ collisions.

Production rate for the $\pi^{0}$ production in the rapidity range $9.0 < y < 9.2$ in $p+p$ collisions and in the rapidity range $-9.0 > y_\rm{lab} > -9.2$ in $p+\rm{Pb}$ collisions.

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The π+-π− interaction as studied in 12 and 18 GeV pion-nucleon reactions

Jones, L.W. ; Caldwell, D.O. ; Zacharov, B. ; et al.
Phys.Lett. 21 (1966) 590-594, 1966.
Inspire Record 1385169 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.29927

From a study of peripheral interactions wherein a negative pion of 12 or 18 GeV/c incident on a nucleon produced a pair of high-momentum pions, the pion-pion s-wave interaction was deduced. Normalizing to to the ϱo production cross sections, a pion-pion cross section falling smoothly from 50 mb (300 MeV) to 20 mb (600 MeV) is observed. The forward-backward asymmetry is negative for low dipion masses.

3 data tables

The errors are statistical only.

The errors are statistical only.

No errors are given.


Measurement of azimuthal asymmetries in inclusive charged dipion production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations at $\sqrt{s}$ = 3.65 GeV

The BESIII collaboration Ablikim, M. ; Achasov, M.N. ; Ai, X.C. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 116 (2016) 042001, 2016.
Inspire Record 1384778 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.73802

We present a measurement of the azimuthal asymmetries of two charged pions in the inclusive process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \pi\pi X$ based on a data set of 62 $\rm{pb}^{-1}$ at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=3.65$ GeV collected with the BESIII detector. These asymmetries can be attributed to the Collins fragmentation function. We observe a nonzero asymmetry, which increases with increasing pion momentum. As our energy scale is close to that of the existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering experimental data, the measured asymmetries are important inputs for the global analysis of extracting the quark transversity distribution inside the nucleon and are valuable to explore the energy evolution of the spin-dependent fragmentation function.

2 data tables

Results of $A_{\rm UL}$ and $A_{\rm UC}$ in each ($z_{1},z_{2}$) and $p_{t}$ bin. The averages $\langle z_i\rangle$, $\langle p_t\rangle$ and $\rm \frac{\langle sin^2\theta_{2}\rangle }{\rm \langle 1+cos^2\theta_{2} \rangle }$ are also given.

Results of $A_{\rm UL}$ and $A_{\rm UC}$ in each ($z_{1},z_{2}$) and $p_{t}$ bin. The averages $\langle z_i\rangle$, $\langle p_t\rangle$ and $\rm \frac{\langle sin^2\theta_{2}\rangle }{\rm \langle 1+cos^2\theta_{2} \rangle }$ are also given.


The Spin Structure Function $g_1^{\rm p}$ of the Proton and a Test of the Bjorken Sum Rule

The COMPASS collaboration Adolph, C. ; Akhunzyanov, R. ; Alexeev, M.G. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 753 (2016) 18-28, 2016.
Inspire Record 1357198 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.72819

New results for the double spin asymmetry $A_1^{\rm p}$ and the proton longitudinal spin structure function $g_1^{\rm p}$ are presented. They were obtained by the COMPASS collaboration using polarised 200 GeV muons scattered off a longitudinally polarised NH$_3$ target. The data were collected in 2011 and complement those recorded in 2007 at 160\,GeV, in particular at lower values of $x$. They improve the statistical precision of $g_1^{\rm p}(x)$ by about a factor of two in the region $x\lesssim 0.02$. A next-to-leading order QCD fit to the $g_1$ world data is performed. It leads to a new determination of the quark spin contribution to the nucleon spin, $\Delta \Sigma$ ranging from 0.26 to 0.36, and to a re-evaluation of the first moment of $g_1^{\rm p}$. The uncertainty of $\Delta \Sigma$ is mostly due to the large uncertainty in the present determinations of the gluon helicity distribution. A new evaluation of the Bjorken sum rule based on the COMPASS results for the non-singlet structure function $g_1^{\rm NS}(x,Q^2)$ yields as ratio of the axial and vector coupling constants $|g_{\rm A}/g_{\rm V}| = 1.22 \pm 0.05~({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.10~({\rm syst.})$, which validates the sum rule to an accuracy of about 9\%.

3 data tables

Values of $A_1^{\rm p}$ and $g_1^{\rm p}$ for the 2011 COMPASS data at 200 GeV in ($x$, $Q^2$) bins.

Values of $A_1^{\rm p}$ and $g_1^{\rm p}$ for the 2011 COMPASS data at 200 GeV in $x$ bins averaged over $Q^2$.

Values of $A_1^{\rm p}$ for the 2007 COMPASS data at 160 GeV in ($x$, $Q^2$) bins.


Measurement of very forward neutron energy spectra for 7 TeV proton--proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

The LHCf collaboration Adriani, O. ; Berti, E. ; Bonechi, L. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 750 (2015) 360-366, 2015.
Inspire Record 1351909 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.73320

The Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) experiment is designed to use the LHC to verify the hadronic-interaction models used in cosmic-ray physics. Forward baryon production is one of the crucial points to understand the development of cosmic-ray showers. We report the neutron-energy spectra for LHC $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV proton--proton collisions with the pseudo-rapidity $\eta$ ranging from 8.81 to 8.99, from 8.99 to 9.22, and from 10.76 to infinity. The measured energy spectra obtained from the two independent calorimeters of Arm1 and Arm2 show the same characteristic feature before unfolding the difference in the detector responses. We unfolded the measured spectra by using the multidimensional unfolding method based on Bayesian theory, and the unfolded spectra were compared with current hadronic-interaction models. The QGSJET II-03 model predicts a high neutron production rate at the highest pseudo-rapidity range similar to our results and the DPMJET 3.04 model describes our results well at the lower pseudo-rapidity ranges. However no model perfectly explains the experimental results in the whole pseudo-rapidity range. The experimental data indicate the most abundant neutron production rate relative to the photon production, which does not agree with predictions of the models.

1 data table

Differential neutron production rate d$\sigma_{n}$/dE [mb/GeV] for each rapidity range.


Observation of $Z$ production in proton-lead collisions at LHCb

The LHCb collaboration Aaij, R. ; Adeva, B. ; Adinolfi, M. ; et al.
JHEP 09 (2014) 030, 2014.
Inspire Record 1300150 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.64260

The first observation of $Z$ boson production in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per proton-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5~\text{TeV}$ is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $1.6~\text{nb}^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. The $Z$ candidates are reconstructed from pairs of oppositely charged muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 and transverse momenta above $20~\text{GeV}/c$. The invariant dimuon mass is restricted to the range $60-120~\text{GeV}/c^2$. The $Z$ production cross-section is measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} \sigma_{Z\to\mu^+\mu^-}(\text{fwd})&=&13.5^{+5.4}_{-4.0}\text{(stat.)}\pm1.2\text{(syst.)}~\text{nb} \end{eqnarray*} in the direction of the proton beam and \begin{eqnarray*} \sigma_{Z\to\mu^+\mu^-}(\text{bwd}) & =&10.7^{+8.4}_{-5.1}\text{(stat.)}\pm1.0\text{(syst.)}~\text{nb} \end{eqnarray*} in the direction of the lead beam, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

2 data tables

The measured Z production cross-sections in proton-lead collisions, measured in the fiducial region defined in the table, in the forward and backward directions. The statistical uncertainty is defined as the 68% confidence interval with symmetric coverage assuming that the number of candidates follows a Poisson distribution.

The forward-backward ratio measured in the overlap region 2.5 < ABS(YRAP) < 4.0. The first uncertainty is statistical, defined as the 68% confidence interval with symmetric coverage. The second uncertainty is systematic and includes the uncertainty on the acceptance correction factor, BETA, for the difference in the detector acceptance of the muons between the forward and backward directions.


Transverse momentum distribution and nuclear modification factor of forward neutral pion in proton--lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$TeV

The LHCf collaboration Adriani, O. ; Berti, E. ; Bonechi, L. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 89 (2014) 065209, 2014.
Inspire Record 1287922 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.64158

The transverse momentum ($p_\text{T}$) distribution for inclusive neutral pions in the very forward rapidity region has been measured, with the Large Hadron Collider forward detector (LHCf), in proton--lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$TeV at the LHC. The $p_\text{T}$ spectra obtained in the rapidity range $-11.0 < y_\text{lab} < -8.9$ and $0 < p_\text{T} < 0.6$GeV (in the detector reference frame) show a strong suppression of the production of neutral pions after taking into account ultra-peripheral collisions. This leads to a nuclear modification factor value, relative to the interpolated $p_\text{T}$ spectra in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$TeV, of about 0.1--0.4. This value is compared with the predictions of several hadronic interaction Monte Carlo simulations.

6 data tables

Production rate for PI0 production in the rapidity range -8.9 to -9.0.

Production rate for PI0 production in the rapidity range -9.0 to -9.2.

Production rate for PI0 production in the rapidity range -9.2 to -9.4.

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