Charged hadron elliptic anisotropies ($v_2$) are presented over a wide transverse momentum ($p_\text{T}$) range for proton-lead (pPb) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 8.16 and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment and correspond to integrated luminosities of 186 nb$^{-1}$ and 0.607 nb$^{-1}$ for the pPb and PbPb systems, respectively. A four-particle cumulant analysis is performed using subevents separated in pseudorapidity to effectively suppress non-collective effects. At high $p_\text{T}$ ($p_\text{T}$$\gt$ 8 GeV), significant positive $v_2$ values are observed that are similar between pPb and PbPb collisions at comparable charged particle multiplicities. This observation suggests a common origin for the multi-particle collectivity for high-$p_\text{T}$ particles in the two systems.
The elliptic anisotropy $v_2\{4\}$ for charged hadron as a function of $p_T$ in pPb collisions at 8.16 TeV in $185 \le N_{trk}^{offline} <250$.
The elliptic anisotropy $v_2\{4\}$ for charged hadron as a function of $p_T$ in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV in $185 \le N_{trk}^{offline} <250$.
The elliptic anisotropy $v_2\{4\}$ as a function of $p_T$ with 4-subevent method compared between pPb collisions at 8.16 TeV and PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV in $185 \le N_{trk}^{offline} <250$.
This paper presents measurements of charged-hadron spectra obtained in $pp$, $p$+Pb, and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ or $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV, and in Xe+Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}}=5.44$ TeV. The data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC have total integrated luminosities of 25 pb${}^{-1}$, 28 nb${}^{-1}$, 0.50 nb${}^{-1}$, and 3 $\mu$b${}^{-1}$, respectively. The nuclear modification factors $R_{p\text{Pb}}$ and $R_\text{AA}$ are obtained by comparing the spectra in heavy-ion and $pp$ collisions in a wide range of charged-particle transverse momenta and pseudorapidity. The nuclear modification factor $R_{p\text{Pb}}$ shows a moderate enhancement above unity with a maximum at $p_{\mathrm{T}} \approx 3$ GeV; the enhancement is stronger in the Pb-going direction. The nuclear modification factors in both Pb+Pb and Xe+Xe collisions feature a significant, centrality-dependent suppression. They show a similar distinct $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-dependence with a local maximum at $p_{\mathrm{T}} \approx 2$ GeV and a local minimum at $p_{\mathrm{T}} \approx 7$ GeV. This dependence is more distinguishable in more central collisions. No significant $|\eta|$-dependence is found. A comprehensive comparison with several theoretical predictions is also provided. They typically describe $R_\text{AA}$ better in central collisions and in the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range from about 10 to 100 GeV.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <br><b>charged-hadron spectra:</b> <br><i>pp reference:</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table1">for p+Pb</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table10">for Pb+Pb</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table19">for Xe+Xe</a> <br><i>p+Pb:</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table2">0-5%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table3">5-10%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table4">10-20%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table5">20-30%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table6">30-40%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table7">40-60%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table8">60-90%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table9">0-90%</a> <br><i>Pb+Pb:</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table11">0-5%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table12">5-10%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table13">10-20%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table14">20-30%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table15">30-40%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table16">40-50%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table17">50-60%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table18">60-80%</a> <br><i>Xe+Xe:</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table20">0-5%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table21">5-10%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table22">10-20%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table23">20-30%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table24">30-40%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table25">40-50%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table26">50-60%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table27">60-80%</a> </br>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <br><b>nuclear modification factors (p<sub>T</sub>):</b> <br><i>R<sub>pPb</sub>:</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table28">0-5%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table29">5-10%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table30">10-20%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table31">20-30%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table32">30-40%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table33">40-60%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table34">60-90%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table35">0-90%</a> <br><i>R<sub>AA</sub> (Pb+Pb):</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table36">0-5%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table37">5-10%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table38">10-20%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table39">20-30%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table40">30-40%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table41">40-50%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table42">50-60%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table43">60-80%</a> <br><i>R<sub>AA</sub> (Xe+Xe):</i> <a href="?version=1&table=Table44">0-5%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table45">5-10%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table46">10-20%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table47">20-30%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table48">30-40%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table49">40-50%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table50">50-60%</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table51">60-80%</a> </br>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <br><b>nuclear modification factors (y*/eta):</b> <br><i>R<sub>pPb</sub>:</i> <br> 0-5%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table52">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table53">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table54">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table55">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 5-10%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table56">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table57">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table58">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table59">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 10-20%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table60">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table61">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table62">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table63">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 20-30%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table64">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table65">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table66">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table67">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 30-40%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table68">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table69">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table70">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table71">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 40-60%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table72">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table73">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table74">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table75">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 60-90%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table76">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table77">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table78">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table79">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br> 0-90%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table80">0.66-0.755GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table81">2.95-3.35GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table82">7.65-8.8GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table83">15.1-17.3GeV</a> <br><i>R<sub>AA</sub> (Pb+Pb):</i> <br> 0-5%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table84">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table85">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table86">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table87">60-95GeV</a> <br> 5-10%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table88">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table89">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table90">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table91">60-95GeV</a> <br> 10-20%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table92">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table93">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table94">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table95">60-95GeV</a> <br> 20-30%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table96">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table97">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table98">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table99">60-95GeV</a> <br> 30-40%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table100">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table101">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table102">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table103">60-95GeV</a> <br> 40-50%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table104">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table105">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table106">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table107">60-95GeV</a> <br> 50-60%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table108">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table109">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table110">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table111">60-95GeV</a> <br> 60-80%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table112">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table113">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table114">20-23GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table115">60-95GeV</a> <br><i>R<sub>AA</sub> (Xe+Xe):</i> <br> 0-5%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table116">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table117">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table118">20-23GeV</a> <br> 5-10%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table119">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table120">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table121">20-23GeV</a> <br> 10-20%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table122">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table123">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table124">20-23GeV</a> <br> 20-30%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table125">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table126">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table127">20-23GeV</a> <br> 30-40%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table128">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table129">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table130">20-23GeV</a> <br> 40-50%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table131">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table132">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table133">20-23GeV</a> <br> 50-60%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table134">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table135">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table136">20-23GeV</a> <br> 60-80%: <a href="?version=1&table=Table137">1.7-1.95GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table138">6.7-7.65GeV</a> <a href="?version=1&table=Table139">20-23GeV</a> <br>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Charged-hadron cross-section in pp collisions. The systematic uncertainties are described in the section 7 of the paper. The total systematic uncertainties are determined by adding the contributions from all relevant sources in quadrature.
Charged-hadron spectrum in the centrality interval 0-5% for p+Pb, divided by 〈TPPB〉. The systematic uncertainties are described in the section 7 of the paper. The total systematic uncertainties are determined by adding the contributions from all relevant sources in quadrature.
The collective behavior of K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ and $\Lambda/\bar{\Lambda}$ strange hadrons is studied by measuring the elliptic azimuthal anisotropy ($v_2$) using the scalar-product and multiparticle correlation methods. Proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC are investigated. Nonflow effects in the pPb collisions are studied by using a subevent cumulant analysis and by excluding events where a jet with transverse momentum greater than 20\GeV is present. The strange hadron $v_2$ values extracted in \pPb collisions via the four- and six-particle correlation method are found to be nearly identical, suggesting the collective behavior. Comparisons of the pPb and PbPb results for both strange hadrons and charged particles illustrate how event-by-event flow fluctuations depend on the system size.
The elliptic flow $v_2\{4\}$ for charged hadron as a function of $p_T$ in PbPb collision at 5.02 TeV.
The elliptic flow $v_2\{6\}$ for charged hadron as a function of $p_T$ in PbPb collision at 5.02 TeV.
The elliptic flow $v_2\{8\}$ for charged hadron as a function of $p_T$ in PbPb collision at 5.02 TeV.
Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented using a data sample corresponding to 0.49 $\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. The recorded minimum-bias sample is enhanced by triggers for "ultra-central" collisions, providing an opportunity to perform detailed study of flow harmonics in the regime where the initial state is dominated by fluctuations. The anisotropy of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distributions is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, $v_{2}-v_{7}$, which are measured using the two-particle correlation, scalar-product and event-plane methods. The goal of the paper is to provide measurements of the differential as well as integrated flow harmonics $v_{n}$ over wide ranges of the transverse momentum, 0.5 $
The V2 harmonic measured with the scalar product method as a funtion of transverse momentum in centrality bin 0-0.1%
The V2 harmonic measured with the scalar product method as a funtion of transverse momentum in centrality bin 0-1%
The V2 harmonic measured with the scalar product method as a funtion of transverse momentum in centrality bin 0-5%
We present measurements of the elliptic ($\mathrm{v}_2$), triangular ($\mathrm{v}_3$) and quadrangular ($\mathrm{v}_4$) anisotropic azimuthal flow over a wide range of pseudorapidities ($-3.5< \eta < 5$). The measurements are performed with Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 2.76$ TeV using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The flow harmonics are obtained using two- and four-particle correlations from nine different centrality intervals covering central to peripheral collisions. We find that the shape of $\mathrm{v}_n(\eta)$ is largely independent of centrality for the flow harmonics $n=2-4$, however the higher harmonics fall off more steeply with increasing $|\eta|$. We assess the validity of extended longitudinal scaling of $\mathrm{v}_2$ by comparing to lower energy measurements, and find that the higher harmonic flow coefficients are proportional to the charged particle densities at larger pseudorapidities. Finally, we compare our measurements to both hydrodynamical and transport models, and find they both have challenges when it comes to describing our data.
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We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle cumulants in mixed harmonics. This novel method is robust against systematic biases originating from non-flow effects and by construction any dependence on symmetry planes is eliminated. We demonstrate that correlations of flow harmonics exhibit a better sensitivity to medium properties than the individual flow harmonics. The new measurements are performed in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=2.76$ TeV by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The centrality dependence of correlation between event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic, $v_2$, and quadrangular, $v_4$, flow harmonics, as well as of anti-correlation between $v_2$ and triangular, $v_3$, flow harmonics are presented. The results cover two different regimes of the initial state configurations: geometry-dominated (in mid-central collisions) and fluctuation-dominated (in the most central collisions). Comparisons are made to predictions from MC-Glauber, viscous hydrodynamics, AMPT and HIJING models. Together with the existing measurements of individual flow harmonics the presented results provide further constraints on initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.
Centrality dependence of observables SC(4,2) and SC(3,2) in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV.
Centrality dependence of normalized observables SC(4,2) and SC(3,2) in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV.
Centrality dependence of observables SC(4,2) and SC(3,2) in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV, in 0-10% most central collisions.
We report the transverse energy ($E_{\mathrm T}$) measured with ALICE at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The transverse energy was measured using identified single particle tracks. The measurement was cross checked using the electromagnetic calorimeters and the transverse momentum distributions of identified particles previously reported by ALICE. The results are compared to theoretical models as well as to results from other experiments. The mean $E_{\mathrm T}$ per unit pseudorapidity ($\eta$), $\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle$, in 0-5% central collisions is 1737 $\pm$ 6(stat.) $\pm$ 97(sys.) GeV. We find a similar centrality dependence of the shape of $\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle$ as a function of the number of participating nucleons to that seen at lower energies. The growth in $\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle$ at the LHC ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}}$ exceeds extrapolations of low energy data. We observe a nearly linear scaling of $\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle$ with the number of quark participants. With the canonical assumption of a 1 fm/$c$ formation time, we estimate that the energy density in 0-5% central Pb-Pb collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV is 12.3 $\pm$ 1.0 GeV/fm$^3$\xspace and that the energy density at the most central 80 fm$^2$ of the collision is at least 21.5 $\pm$ 1.7 GeV/fm$^3$. This is roughly 2.3 times that observed in 0-5% central Au-Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV.
$\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle / (\langle N_{\mathrm{part}}/2\rangle)$ versus $N_{\mathrm{part}}$, $\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle / (\langle N_{\mathrm{quark}}/2\rangle)$, and $\epsilon\tau$ versus $N_{\mathrm{part}}$ at midrapidity calculated from the tracking detectors,.
$N_{part}$, $N_{quark}$, and area from Glauber calculations.
$\langle $d$E_{\mathrm T}/$d$\eta \rangle$/$\langle $d$N_{\mathrm{ch}}/$d$\eta \rangle$ versus $N_{part}$.
We report the first results of elliptic ($v_2$), triangular ($v_3$) and quadrangular flow ($v_4$) of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the central pseudorapidity region $|\eta|<0.8$ and for the transverse momentum range $0.2
Centrality dependence of $v_2$, with two- and multi-particle correlations, integrated over the $p_{\rm T}$ range 0.2 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 5.0 GeV/$c$, at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV.
Centrality dependence of $v_3$ and $v_4$, with two-particle correlations, integrated over the $p_{\rm T}$ range 0.2 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 5.0 GeV/c, at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV.
Centrality dependence of $v_2$, with two- and multi-particle correlations, integrated over the $p_{\rm T}$ range 0.2 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 5.0 GeV/c, at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV.
The pseudorapidity density of charged particles ($\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$) at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions has been measured at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. It increases with centrality and reaches a value of $1943 \pm 54$ in $|\eta|<0.5$ for the 5% most central collisions. A rise in $\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ as a function of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ for the most central collisions is observed, steeper than that observed in proton-proton collisions and following the trend established by measurements at lower energy. The centrality dependence of $\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ as a function of the average number of participant nucleons, ${\langle N_\mathrm{part} \rangle}$, calculated in a Glauber model, is compared with the previous measurement at lower energy. A constant factor of about 1.2 describes the increase in $\frac{2}{\langle N_\mathrm{part} \rangle}\langle \mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta \rangle$ from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV to $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV for all centrality intervals, within the measured range of 0-80% centrality. The results are also compared to models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.
The values of ${\langle N_\mathrm{part} \rangle}$ obtained with the Glauber model are measured in $|\eta|$ < 0.5 for eleven centrality classes. The statistical error contribution being negligible.
The $\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ values measured in $|\eta|$ < 0.5 for eleven centrality classes.
The $\frac{2}{\langle N_\mathrm{part} \rangle}\langle \mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta \rangle$ values measured in $|\eta|$ < 0.5 for eleven centrality classes. The statistical error contribution being negligible.
The centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ over a broad pseudorapidity range is presented. This Letter extends the previous results reported by ALICE to more peripheral collisions. No strong change of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density distributions with centrality is observed, and when normalised to the number of participating nucleons in the collisions, the evolution over pseudorapidity with centrality is likewise small. The broad pseudorapidity range allows precise estimates of the total number of produced charged particles which we find to range from $162\pm22$ (syst.) to $17170\pm770$ (syst.) in 80-90% and 0-5 central collisions, respectively. The total charged-particle multiplicity is seen to approximately scale with the number of participating nucleons in the collision. This suggests that hard contributions to the charged-particle multiplicity are limited. The results are compared to models which describe $\mbox{d}N_{\mbox{ch}}/\mbox{d}\eta$ at mid-rapidity in the most central Pb-Pb collisions and it is found that these models do not capture all features of the distributions.
Measurement of $\mbox{d}N_{\mbox{ch}}/\mbox{d}\eta$ for all centralities and a broad $\eta$ range. Combined and symmetrised $\mbox{d}N_{\mbox{ch}}/\mbox{d}\eta$ over 30-90 PCT centrality from both SPD and FMD. Previously published results for 0-30 PCT over the full pseudorapidity range available elsewhere [PLB726.610]. Please note the systematic uncertainty from the centrality determination is encoded as a qualifier in the table header.
Full--width half--maximum of the charged--particle pseudorapidity distributions versus the average number of participants. The uncertainties on the ALICE measurements are from the fit of $f_{\text{GG}}$ only and evaluated at $95\%$ confidence level.
The charged--particle pseudorapidity density distributions scaled by the average number of participants in various pseudorapidity intervals as a function of the number of participants. Data for the 0 to 30 PCT most central events, and in ETARAP < 0.5 is available in previously published results [PLB726.610,PRC88.044910]. The uncertainties on $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle$ from the Glauber calculations not included (see [PRC88.044910]).