$P_{\rm H}$ measurements are shown as a function of hyperon $p_{\rm T}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 and 27 GeV. Statistical uncertainties are represented as lines while systematic uncertainties are represented as boxes. There is no observed dependence of $P_{\rm H}$ on $p_{\rm T}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 or 27 GeV, consistent with previous observations.

$P_{\rm H}$ measurements are shown as a function of hyperon $y$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 and 27 GeV. Statistical uncertainties are represented as lines while systematic uncertainties are represented as boxes. The data set at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 GeV takes advantage of STAR upgrades to reach larger $|y|$.

Figure 4a

Figure 4b

Figure 4c

Figure 5a

Figure 5b

Figure 5c

Figure 7

Figure 8a

Figure 8b

Figure 8c

Figure 9a

Figure 9b

Figure 9c

Figure 10a

Figure 10b

Figure 10c

The K$\pi$ pair invariant mass distribution integrated over the $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =62.4 GeV after mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (top left) pT = 0.4–0.6 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (top right) pT = 0.6–0.8 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (bottom left) pT = 0.8–1.0 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (bottom right) pT = 1.0–1.2 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The signal-to-background ratio for $K^{*0}$ measurements as a function of $p_T$ for different collision centrality bins (0-10%, 10-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%) in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The $K^{*0}$ reconstruction efficiency multiplied by the detector acceptance as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au (|$\eta$| < 0.8) collisions at 200 GeV for different collision centrality bins (0-20% ,20-40% , 40-60%)

The $K^{*0}$ reconstruction efficiency multiplied by the detector acceptance as a function of $p_T$ in Cu+Cu (|$\eta$| < 1.0) collisions at 200 GeV for different collision centrality bins (0-20% ,20-40% , 40-60%)

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%) in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%) in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity $⟨p_T⟩$ of $\pi$, K, p and $K^{*0}$ as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ in Au+Au collisions divided by $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ in Cu+Cu collisions divided by $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ in d+Au collisions divided by $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ ratio in d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ in Au+Au collisions divided by $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ in Cu+Cu collisions divided by $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ in d+Au collisions divided by $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

The $K^{*0}$ $v_2$ (Run IV) as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $v_2$ (Run II) as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $R_{CP}$ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $R_{CP}$ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $R_{CP}$ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ ~$R_{CP}$~ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\phi_{c})\rangle$ as a function of reference multiplicity for different charge combinations, after corrections for acceptance effects. In the legend the signs indicate the charge of particles $\alpha$, $\beta$, and c. The results shown are for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV obtained in the Full Field.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}-\phi_{\beta})\rangle$ as a function of centrality for different charge combinations and FF and RFF configurations. The data points corresponding to different charge and field configurations are slightly shifted in the horizontal direction with respect to each other for clarity. The error bars are statistical. Also shown are model predictions described in Section VII.

A comparison of the correlations obtained by selecting the third particle from the main TPC or from the Forward TPCs. The TPC and FTPC points are shifted horizontally relative to one another for clarity purposes. The error bars are statistical.

A comparison of the correlations obtained by selecting the third particle from the main TPC or from the Forward TPCs after scaling by the flow of the third particle. The shaded areas represent the uncertainty from $v_{2,c}$ scaling (see text for details). The TPC and FTPC points are shifted horizontally relative to one another for clarity purposes. The error bars are statistical.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV calculated using Eq. 7. The error-bars show the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations, with lower (in magnitude) limit obtained with elliptic flow from two-particle correlations and upper limit from four-particle cumulants. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62 GeV calculated using Eq. 7. The error-bars show the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The correlations are scaled with the number of participants and are plotted as function of centrality. The error-bars indicate the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The correlations are scaled with the number of participants and are plotted as function of number of participants. The error-bars indicate the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on pseudorapidity separation $\Delta\eta$ = |$\eta_{\alpha}$ − $\eta_{\beta}$| for centrality 30-50%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on pseudorapidity separation $\Delta\eta$ = |$\eta_{\alpha}$ − $\eta_{\beta}$| for centrality 10-30%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on (p$_{t,\alpha}$ + p$_{t,\beta}$)/2 for centrality 30-50%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on (p$_{t,\alpha}$ + p$_{t,\beta}$)/2 for centrality 10-30%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on |p$_{t,\alpha}$ - p$_{t,\beta}$| for centrality 30-50%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on |p$_{t,\alpha}$ - p$_{t,\beta}$| for centrality 10-30%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Three-particle correlator in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions compared to HIJING calculations shown as thick lines. All three particles are taken in the main TPC region, |$\eta$| < 1.0. The correlator has been scaled with number of participants and are plotted versus number of participants. In this representation HIJING results for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions coincide in the region of overlap.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha} + \phi_{\beta} − 2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ calculated for 200 GeV Au+Au events with event generators HIJING (with and without an “elliptic flow afterburner”), UrQMD, and MEVSIM. Blue symbols mark opposite-charge correlations, and red are same-charge. Solid stars represent the values from the data to facilitate comparison. Acceptance cuts of 0.15 < p$_{t}$ < 2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.0 were used in all cases. For MEVSIM, HIJING, and UrQMD points the true reaction plane from the generated event was used for $\Psi_{RP}$ . Thick solid lighter colored lines represent possible non-reactionplane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING and discussed in Section VII A. Corresponding estimates from UrQMD are about factor of two smaller.

Upper panels: same-event (full points) and mixed-event (solid line) $K^{+}K^{-}$ invariant mass distributions at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.4 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV collisions (a), 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 62.4 GeV collisions (60–80%) (c), and 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–10%) (e). Lower panels: the corresponding $\phi$ meson mass peaks after subtracting the background. Dashed curves show a Breit-Wigner + linear background function fit in (b), (d). In (f), both linear and quadratic backgrounds are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines, respectively.

Upper panels: same-event (full points) and mixed-event (solid line) $K^{+}K^{-}$ invariant mass distributions at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.4 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV collisions (a), 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 62.4 GeV collisions (60–80%) (c), and 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–10%) (e). Lower panels: the corresponding $\phi$ meson mass peaks after subtracting the background. Dashed curves show a Breit-Wigner + linear background function fit in (b), (d). In (f), both linear and quadratic backgrounds are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines, respectively.

Upper panels: same-event (full points) and mixed-event (solid line) $K^{+}K^{-}$ invariant mass distributions at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.4 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV collisions (a), 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 62.4 GeV collisions (60–80%) (c), and 0.8 < $p_{T}$ < 1.2 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–10%) (e). Lower panels: the corresponding $\phi$ meson mass peaks after subtracting the background. Dashed curves show a Breit-Wigner + linear background function fit in (b), (d). In (f), both linear and quadratic backgrounds are shown as dashed and dot-dashed lines, respectively.

Reconstruction efficiency including acceptance of $\phi$ meson as a function of $p_{T}$ in several centrality bins of Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p 200 GeV collisions.

Reconstruction efficiency including acceptance of $\phi$ meson as a function of $p_{T}$ in several centrality bins of Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p 200 GeV collisions.

Reconstruction efficiency including acceptance of $\phi$ meson as a function of $p_{T}$ in several centrality bins of Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p 200 GeV collisions.

Event plane $\Phi_{2}$ resolution as a function of centrality in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions, where the vertical axis starts from 0.3 for clarity.

$\phi−\Phi_{2}$ distribution for $\phi$ meson at 1.5 < $p_{T}$ < 2.0 GeV/c in Au + Au collisions (0–80$\%$) at 200 GeV. The line is the fitting result. Error bars are statistical only.

<cos2($\phi_{K^{+}K^{-}}$-$\Phi_{2}$)> (full red points) and <sin2($\phi_{K^{+}K^{-}}$-$\Phi_{2}$)> (open blue points) as a function of $m_{inv}$ of $K^{+}K^{-}$ pairs at 0.5 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions (0–80\%), where the solid curve is the result of fitting by Eq. (10). The arrow shows the position of the $\phi$ invariant mass peak. The dashed line shows the zero horizontal line.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Masses and widths (FWHMs) of $\phi$ as a function of $p_{T}$ in p + p 200 GeV (NSD), d + Au 200 GeV (0–20$\%$), Au + Au 62.4 GeV (0–20$\%$), and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions, with the corresponding $PDG$ values.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

Invariant mass distributions of $\phi$ meson at 0.6 < $p_{T}$ < 1.0 GeV/c in p + p 200 GeV (NSD) and Au + Au 200 GeV (0–5$\%$) collisions. Solid symbols: experimental data. Open symbols: MC simulation. Curves are the results of a Breit-Wigner function fit. Note: Two sets of MC data are shown for Au + Au 200 GeV, and see text for details.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

$\phi$ meson transverse mass distributions for different collision systems and different energies. For clarity, distributions for some centrality bins have been scaled by factors indicated in the figure. Curves represent the exponential (solid) and Levy (dashed) function fits to the distributions. Error bars are statistical only. Note that a scale factor of 1.09 is applied to the $\phi$ meson spectra for Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV in Ref. [50] to correct for the kaon identification efficiency effect missed previously.

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

Comparison of transverse momentum spectra shape among different 200 GeV collision systems: Au + Au (0–5$\%$), d + Au (0–20$\%$), and p + p (inelastic). The spectra are normalized by $N_{bin}$ (top panel) and $N_{part}/2$ (bottom panel).

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$N_{part}$ dependence of $(dN/dy)/0.5N_{part}$ in five different collision systems: Au + Au 62.4, 130, 200 GeV; p + p 200 GeV (inelastic); and d + Au 200 GeV. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of $<p_{T}>_{\phi}$ in different collision systems. Bottom panel: Hadron mass dependence of $<p_{T}>$ in central Au + Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV. The band and curve show two hydrodynamic model calculations for central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. Note: Hadron masses for the Au + Au 62.4 GeV data are shifted slightly in the $x$-axis direction for clarity, and systematic errors are included for $\phi$.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of the ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in A + A (full points) and p + p (open points) collisions. Stars are data from the STARexperiment at RHIC.Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/\pi^{-}$ in different collision systems. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

Top panel: Energy dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in $A + A$ and elementary ($e + e$ and $p + p$) collisions. Stars are data from STAR experiments at RHIC. Bottom panel: $N_{part}$ dependence of ratio $\phi/K^{-}$ in different collision systems. The dashed line shows results from $UrQMD$ model calculations. Systematic errors are included for the STAR data points.

The $\Omega/\phi$ ratio vs $p_{T}$ for three centrality bins in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$ Au + Au collisions, where the data points for 40–60$\%$ are shifted slightly for clarity. As shown in the legend, the lines represent results from Hwa and Yang [96], Ko et al. [97], and, for SCF, Refs. [98,99].

The $\Omega/\phi$ ratio vs $p_{T}$ for three centrality bins in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$ Au + Au collisions, where the data points for 40–60$\%$ are shifted slightly for clarity. As shown in the legend, the lines represent results from Hwa and Yang [96], Ko et al. [97], and, for SCF, Refs. [98,99].

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions. The top and bottom panels present $R_{cp}$ from midperipheral and most-peripheral collisions, respectively. See legend for symbol and line designations. The rectangular bands showthe uncertainties of binary and participant scalings. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 200 GeV collisions. The top and bottom panels present $R_{cp}$ from midperipheral and most-peripheral collisions, respectively. See legend for symbol and line designations. The rectangular bands showthe uncertainties of binary and participant scalings. Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 62.4 and 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions, where rectangular bands represent the uncertainties of binary and participant scalings (see legend). Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 62.4 and 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions, where rectangular bands represent the uncertainties of binary and participant scalings (see legend). Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{cp}$ in Au + Au 62.4 and 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions, where rectangular bands represent the uncertainties of binary and participant scalings (see legend). Statistical and systematic errors are included.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{AB}$ for $\phi$ in Au + Au 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions. For comparison, data points for $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$ in d + Au 200 GeV and $p+\bar{p}$ in d + Au 200 GeV are also shown (see legend). Rectangular bands show the uncertainties of binary (solid line) and participant (dot-dash line) scalings. Systematic errors are included for $\phi$, $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$, and $p+\bar{p}$.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the nuclear modification factor $R_{AB}$ for $\phi$ in Au + Au 200 GeV and d + Au 200 GeV collisions. For comparison, data points for $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$ in d + Au 200 GeV and $p+\bar{p}$ in d + Au 200 GeV are also shown (see legend). Rectangular bands show the uncertainties of binary (solid line) and participant (dot-dash line) scalings. Systematic errors are included for $\phi$, $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$, and $p+\bar{p}$.

$p_{T}$ dependence of the elliptic flow $v_{2}$ of $\phi$, $\Lambda$, and $K_{s}^{0}$ in Au + Au collisions (0–80$\%$) at 200 GeV. Data points for $\phi$ are from the reaction plane method (full up-triangles) and invariant mass method (full circles), where data points from the reaction plane method are shifted slightly along the $x$ axis for clarity. Vertical error bars represent statistical errors, while the square bands represent systematic uncertainties. The magenta curved band represents the $v_{2}$ of $\phi$ meson from the AMPT model with a string melting mechanism [116]. The dash and dot curves represent parametrizations inspired by number-of-quark scaling ideas from Ref. [117] for NQ = 2 and NQ = 3, respectively.

Elliptic flow $v_{2}$ as a function of $p_{T}$ , $v_{2}$($p_{T}$), for the $\phi$ meson from different centralities. The vertical error bars represent the statistical errors, while the square bands represent the systematic uncertainties. For clarity, data points of 10–40$\%$ are shifted in the $p_{T}$ direction slightly.

Elliptic flow $v_{2}$ as a function of $p_{T}$ , $v_{2}$($p_{T}$), for the $\phi$ meson from different centralities. The vertical error bars represent the statistical errors, while the square bands represent the systematic uncertainties. For clarity, data points of 10–40$\%$ are shifted in the $p_{T}$ direction slightly.

Two-particle CI joint autocorrelations $\widehat{N}(\widehat{r}-1)$ on $(\eta_{\Delta}, \phi_{\Delta})$ for peripheral collisions.

Symmetrized pair-density net ratios $\widehat{r}[X(p_{t1}),X(p_{t2})]-1$ for all nonidentified charged primary particles for peripheral Au-Au collision events at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV.

Upper panel, Azimuthal distributions of associated particles for trigger particles in-plane (squares) and out-of-plane (triangles) for Au+Au collisions at centrality 20-60%. Open symbols are reflections of solid symbols around $\Delta \phi$ = 0 and $\Delta \phi$ = $\pi$. Elliptic flow contribution is shown by dashed lines. Lower panel, Distributions after substracting elliptic flow, and the corresponding measurement in p + p collisions (histogram).

$v_{2}$ at 3 ≤ $p_{t}$ ≤ 6 GeV/c versus impact parameter, b, compared to models of particle emission by a static source (see text).