The cross section of the process $e^+ e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ has been measured in the Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) experiment at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider VEPP-2000 in the energy region $525 <\sqrt[]{s} <883$ MeV. The measurement is based on data with an integrated luminosity of about 4.6 pb$^{-1}$. The systematic uncertainty of the cross section determination is 0.8 % at $\sqrt{s}>0.600$ GeV. The $\rho$ meson parameters are obtained as $m_\rho = 775.3\pm 0.5\pm 0.6$ MeV, $\Gamma_\rho = 145.6\pm 0.6\pm 0.8$ MeV, $B_{\rho\to e^+ e^-}\times B_{\rho\to\pi^+\pi^-} = (4.89\pm 0.02\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-5}$, and the parameters of the $e^+ e^-\to\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-$ process, suppressed by $G$-parity, as $B_{\omega\to e^+ e^-}\times B_{\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-}= (1.32\pm 0.06\pm 0.02)\times 10^{-6} $ and $\phi_{\rho\omega} = 110.7\pm 1.5\pm1.0$ degrees.
The Born cross section of the process e+e- -> pi+pi- taking into account the radiative corrections due to the initial and final state radiation.
Measured value of the pion form factor
The bare e+e- -> pi+pi- undressed cross without vacuum polarization, but with the final state radiative correction.
We present measurements of the total production rates and momentum distributions of the charmed baryon $\Lambda_c^+$ in $e^+e^- \to$ hadrons at a center-of-mass energy of 10.54 GeV and in $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays. In hadronic events at 10.54 GeV, charmed hadrons are almost exclusively leading particles in $e^+e^- \to c\bar{c}$ events, allowing direct studies of $c$-quark fragmentation. We measure a momentum distribution for $\Lambda_c^+$ baryons that differs significantly from those measured previously for charmed mesons. Comparing with a number of models, we find none that can describe the distribution completely. We measure an average scaled momentum of $\left< x_p \right> = 0.574\pm$0.009 and a total rate of $N_{\Lambda c}^{q\bar{q}} = 0.057\pm$0.002(exp.)$\pm$0.015(BF) $\Lambda_c^+$ per hadronic event, where the experimental error is much smaller than that due to the branching fraction into the reconstructed decay mode, $pK^-\pi^+$. In $\Upsilon (4S)$ decays we measure a total rate of $N_{\Lambda c}^{\Upsilon} = 0.091\pm$0.006(exp.)$\pm$0.024(BF) per $\Upsilon(4S)$ decay, and find a much softer momentum distribution than expected from B decays into a $\Lambda_c^+$ plus an antinucleon and one to three pions.
LAMBDA/C+ differential production rate per hadronic event for the continuum at cm energy 10.54 GeV.
The integrated number of LAMBDA/C+'s per hadronic event for the continuum at cm energy 10.54 GeV.
LAMBDA/C+ differential production rate per UPSILON(4S) decay at cm energy 10.58 GeV.
We study the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, with a hard photon radiated from the initial state. About 60,000 fully reconstructed events have been selected from 89 $fb^{-1}$ of BaBar data. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective \epem center-of-mass energy, so that these data can be compared with the corresponding direct $e^+e^-$ measurements. From the $4\pi$-mass spectrum, the cross section for the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ is measured for center-of-mass energies from 0.6 to 4.5 $GeV/c^2$. The uncertainty in the cross section measurement is typically 5%. We also measure the cross sections for the final states $K^+ K^- \pi^+\pi^-$ and $K^+ K^- K^+ K^-$. We observe the $J/\psi$ in all three final states and measure the corresponding branching fractions. We search for X(3872) in $J/\psi (\to\mu^+\mu^-) \pi^+\pi^-$ and obtain an upper limit on the product of the $e^+e^-$ width of the X(3872) and the branching fraction for $X(3872) \to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$.
Measured PI+ PI- PI+ PI- cross sections. The errors are statistical only.
Measured K+ K- PI+ PI- cross sections. The errors are statistical only.
Measured K+ K- K+ K- cross sections. The errors are statistical only.
The process e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma has been studied at a center-of-mass energy near the Y(4S) resonance using a 89.3 fb-1 data sample collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II collider. From the measured 3pi mass spectrum we have obtained the products of branching fractions for the omega and phi mesons, B(omega --> e+e-)B(omega --> 3pi)=(6.70 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.27)10-5 and B(phi --> e+e-)B(phi --> 3pi)=(4.30 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.21)10-5, and evaluated the e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 cross section for the e+e- center-of-mass energy range 1.05 to 3.00 GeV. About 900 e+e- --> J/psi gamma --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma events have been selected and the branching fraction B(J/psi --> pi+ pi- pi0)=(2.18 +/- 0.19)% has been measured.
The measured 3PI mass spectrum calculated for a 25 MeV bin size.
Exclusive production of π and K meson pairs in two photon collisions is measured with ALEPH data collected between 1992 and 2000. Cross-sections are presented as a function of cos θ ∗ and invariant mass, for | cos θ ∗ |<0.6 and invariant masses between 2.0 and 6.0 GeV/ c 2 (2.25 and 4.0 GeV/ c 2 ) for pions (kaons). The shape of the distributions are found to be well described by QCD predictions but the data have a significantly higher normalization.
Measured angular distribution for pion production.
Measured angular distribution for kaon production.
Measured cross section for pion production as a function of W.
The interaction of virtual photons is investigated using double tagged gammagamma events with hadronic final states recorded by the ALEPH experiment at e^+e^- centre-of-mass energies between 188 and 209 GeV. The measured cross section is compared to Monte Carlo models, and to next-to-leading-order QCD and BFKL calculations.
Differential cross section as a function of the relative energy of the scattered electrons.
Differential cross section as a function of the polar angle THETA of the scattered electrons.
Differential cross section as a function of the virtuality Q**2 of the photons.
The inclusive production of D$^{*\pm}$ mesons in two-photon collisions is measured with the ALEPH detector at $\epem$ centre-of-mass energies from 183$\unit{GeV}$ to 209$\unit{GeV}$. A total of $360 \pm 27$ D$^{*\pm}$ meson events were observed from an integrated luminosity of 699\unit{pb^{-1}}$. Contributions from direct and single-resolved rocesses are separated using the ratio of the transverse momentum $p_{\rm t}^{\rm D^{*\pm}}$ of the D$^{*\pm}$ to the visible invariant mass $W_{\mathrm{vis}}$ of the event. Differential cross sections of D$^{*\pm}$ production as functions of $p_{\rm t}^{\rm D^{*\pm}}$ and the pseudorapidity $|\eta^{\rm D^{*\pm}}| $ are measured in the range $ 2\unit{GeV}/c < p_{\rm t}^{\rm D^{*\pm}} < 12\unit{GeV}/c $ and $ |\eta^{\rm D^{*\pm}}| < 1.5 $. They are compared to next-to-leading order (NLO)perturbative QCD calculations. The extrapolation of the integrated visible D$^{*\pm}$ cross section to the total charm cross section, based on the Pythia Monte Carlo program, yields $ \sigma (\epem \to \epem \ccbar)_ {=197\unit{GeV}} = 731 \pm 74_{\mathrm{stat}} \pm 47_{\mathrm{syst}} \pm 157_{\mathrm{extr}} \unit{pb} $.
Total extrapolated charm production cross section. The second DSYS error isdue to the uncertainty in the extrapolation.
Visible cross section with the acceptance range.
Visible cross section within the acceptance ranges for the three decay modes observed.
The hadronic photon structure function $F_2^\gamma(x,Q^2)$ is measured from data taken with the ALEPH detector at LEP. At centre-of-mass energies between
Measured value of F2/ALPHAE at a mean Q**2 of 17.3 GeV**2.
Measured value of F2/ALPHAE at a mean Q**2 of 67.2 GeV**2.
Statistical correlation coefficients for the F2 measurements at Q**2 = 17.3 GeV**2.
Using a sample of 3.3 million Upsilon(4S) -> BBbar events collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), we measure the branching fraction for B -> rho l nu, |V_ub|, and the partial rate (Delta Gamma) in three bins of q^2 = (p_B-p_rho)^2. We find B(B^0 -> rho^- l^+ nu)=(2.69 +- 0.41^+0.35_-0.40 +- 0.50) 10^-4, |V_ub|=(3.23 +- 0.24^+0.23_-0.26 +- 0.58) 10^-3, Delta Gamma (0 < q^2 < 7 GeV^2/c^4) =(7.6 +- 3.0 ^+0.9_-1.2 +- 3.0) 10^-2 ns^-1, Delta Gamma (7 < q^2 < 14 GeV^2/c^4) =(4.8 +- 2.9 ^+0.7_-0.8 +- 0.7) 10^-2 ns^-1, and Delta Gamma (14 < q^2 < 21 GeV^2/c^4) = (7.1 +- 2.1^+0.9_-1.1 +- 0.6)10^-2 ns^-1. The quoted errors are statistical, systematic, and theoretical. The method is sensitive primarily to B -> rho l nu decays with leptons in the energy range above 2.3 GeV. Averaging with the previously published CLEO results, we obtain B(B^0 -> rho^- l^+ nu) = (2.57 +- 0.29^+0.33_-0.46 +- 0.41) 10^-4 and |V_{ub}| = (3.25 +- 0.14 ^+0.21_-0.29 +- 0.55) 10^-3.
VCB is the V-CKM (Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa) mixing matrix element. LEPTON+- stands for E+- or MU+-.
Deep inelastic electron-photon scattering is studied using e+e- data collected by the OPAL detector at centre-of-mass energies sqrt{s_ee} ~ M_{Z^0}. The photon structure function F_2^gamma(x,Q^2) is explored in a Q^2 range of 1.1 to 6.6 GeV/c^2 at lower x values than ever before. To probe this kinematic region events are selected with a beam electron scattered into one of the OPAL luminosity calorimeters at scattering angles between 27 and 55 mrad. A measurement is presented of the photon structure function F_2^gamma(x,Q^2) at <Q^2> = 1.86 GeV^2 and 3.76 GeV^2 in five logarithmic x bins from 0.0025 to 0.2.
Measurement of the hadron photon structure function. Systematic errors do not contain any effects caused by the four momentum of the quasi-real photon being non zero.
Measurement of the hadron photon structure function. Systematic errors do not contain any effects caused by the four momentum of the quasi-real photon being non zero.
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