The production of strange hadrons (K$^{0}_{\rm S}$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi^{\pm}$, and $\Omega^{\pm}$), baryon-to-meson ratios ($\Lambda/{\rm K}^0_{\rm S}$, $\Xi/{\rm K}^0_{\rm S }$, and $\Omega/{\rm K}^0_{\rm S}$), and baryon-to-baryon ratios ($\Xi/\Lambda$, $\Omega/\Lambda$, and $\Omega/\Xi$) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, $\Xi^{\pm}$ and $\Omega^{\pm}$, and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and p-Pb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadron $p_{\rm T}$ (0.6$-$6 GeV/$c$). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with PYTHIA 8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadron $p_{\rm T}$ region. The maximum deviation is observed for $\Xi^{\pm}$ and $\Omega^{\pm}$, which reaches a factor of about six. In p-Pb collisions, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets, in contrast to what is observed in the underlying event. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
$p_{\rm T}$-differential density of inclusive ${\rm K}_{\rm S}^{0}$ and $\Lambda$ ($\overline{\Lambda}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.
$p_{\rm T}$-differential densities of ${\rm K}_{\rm S}^{0}$ and $\Lambda$ ($\overline{\Lambda}$) in jets and the underlying event in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.
$p_{\rm T}$-differential density of inclusive $\Xi^{\pm}$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.
The production of $\Lambda$ baryons and ${\rm K}^{0}_{\rm S}$ mesons (${\rm V}^{0}$ particles) was measured in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The production of these strange particles is studied separately for particles associated with hard scatterings and the underlying event to shed light on the baryon-to-meson ratio enhancement observed at intermediate transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) in high multiplicity pp and p-Pb collisions. Hard scatterings are selected on an event-by-event basis with jets reconstructed with the anti-$k_{\rm T}$ algorithm using charged particles. The production of strange particles associated with jets $p_{\rm T,\;jet}^{\rm ch}>10$ and $p_{\rm T,\;jet}^{\rm ch}>20$ GeV/$c$ in p-Pb collisions, and with jet $p_{\rm T,\;jet}^{\rm ch}>10$ GeV/$c$ in pp collisions is reported as a function of $p_{\rm T}$. Its dependence on angular distance from the jet axis, $R({\rm V}^{0},\;{\rm jet})$, for jets with $p_{\rm T,\;jet}^{\rm ch}>10$ GeV/$c$ in p-Pb collisions is reported as well. The $p_{\rm T}$-differential production spectra of strange particles associated with jets are found to be harder compared to that in the underlying event and both differ from the inclusive measurements. In events containing a jet, the density of the ${\rm V}^{0}$ particles in the underlying event is found to be larger than the density in the minimum bias events. The $\Lambda/{\rm K}^{0}_{\rm S}$ ratio associated with jets in p-Pb collisions is consistent with the ratio in pp collisions and follows the expectation of jets fragmenting in vacuum. On the other hand, this ratio within jets is consistently lower than the one obtained in the underlying event and it does not show the characteristic enhancement of baryons at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ often referred to as "baryon anomaly" in the inclusive measurements.
$p_{\rm T}$-differential density of inclusive ${\rm V}^{0}$ particles in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV.
$p_{\rm T}$-differential density of ${\rm V}^{0}$ particles in underlying events (perp. cone) in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV.
$p_{\rm T}$-differential densities of ${\rm V}^{0}$ particles selected with $R({\rm V}^{0},{\rm jet}) < 0.4$ and that produced in jets in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV.
Elliptic flow (v_2) values for identified particles at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions measured by the STAR experiment in the Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at sqrt{s_{NN}}= 7.7--62.4 GeV are presented for three centrality classes. The centrality dependence and the data at sqrt{s_{NN}}= 14.5 GeV are new. Except at the lowest beam energies we observe a similar relative v_2 baryon-meson splitting for all centrality classes which is in agreement within 15% with the number-of-constituent quark scaling. The larger v_2 for most particles relative to antiparticles, already observed for minimum bias collisions, shows a clear centrality dependence, with the largest difference for the most central collisions. Also, the results are compared with A Multiphase Transport Model and fit with a Blast Wave model.
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The difference in $v_{2}$ between particles (X) and their corresponding antiparticles $\bar{X}$ (see legend) as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ for 10%-40% central Au + Au collisions. The systematic errors are shown by the hooked error bars. The dashed lines in the plot are fits with a power-law function.
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Scaled momentum distributions for the strange hadrons K0s and Lambda/bar Lambda were measured in deep inelastic ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 330 pb-1. The evolution of these distributions with the photon virtuality, Q2, was studied in the kinematic region 10<Q2<40000 GeV2 and 0.001<x<0.75, where x is the Bjorken scaling variable. Clear scaling violations are observed. Predictions based on different approaches to fragmentation were compared to the measurements. Leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo calculations interfaced to the Lund string fragmentation model describe the data reasonably well in the whole range measured. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations based on fragmentation functions, FFs, extracted from e+e- data alone, fail to describe the measurements. The calculations based on FFs extracted from a global analysis including e+e-, ep and pp data give an improved description. The measurements presented in this paper have the potential to further constrain the FFs of quarks, anti-quarks and gluons yielding K0s and Lambda/bar Lambda strange hadrons.
The measured scaled momentum distributions for K0S production as a function of Q^2 in three XP regions.
The measured scaled momentum distributions for K0S production as a function of Q^2 in six XP regions.
The measured scaled momentum distributions for K0S production as a function of Q^2 in three XP regions.
This paper presents measurements of \k\ and \lam\ production in neutral current, deep inelastic scattering of 26.7 GeV electrons and 820 GeV protons in the kinematic range $ 10 < Q~{2} < 640 $ GeV$~2$, $0.0003 < x < 0.01$, and $y > 0.04$. Average multiplicities for \k\ and \lam\ production are determined for transverse momenta \ \ptr\ $> 0.5 $ GeV and pseudorapidities $\left| \eta \right| < 1.3$. The multiplicities favour a stronger strange to light quark suppression in the fragmentation chain than found in $e~+ e~-$ experiments. The production properties of \k's in events with and without a large rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction are compared. The ratio of neutral \k's to charged particles per event in the measured kinematic range is, within the present statistics, the same in both samples.
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The $\bar{\Lambda} / \Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda} / K^0_\mathrm{S}$ production ratios are measured by the LHCb detector from $0.3\,\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions delivered by the LHC at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$\,TeV and $1.8\,\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7$\,TeV. Both ratios are presented as a function of transverse momentum, $p_\mathrm{T}$, and rapidity, $y$, in the ranges {$0.15 < p_\mathrm{T} < 2.50\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$} and {$2.0<y<4.5$}. Results at the two energies are in good agreement as a function of rapidity loss, $\Delta y = y_\mathrm{beam} - y$, and are consistent with previous measurements. The ratio $\bar{\Lambda} / \Lambda$, measuring the transport of baryon number from the collision into the detector, is smaller in data than predicted in simulation, particularly at high rapidity. The ratio $\bar{\Lambda} / K^0_\mathrm{S}$, measuring the baryon-to-meson suppression in strange quark hadronisation, is significantly larger than expected.
Lambdabar over Lambda @ 900GeV in y interals for (0.25<PT<0.65),(0.65<PT<1.00),(1.00<PT<2.50) GeV/c.
$\bar{\Lambda}$ to $\Lambda$ production ratio in $pp$ collisions at 900 GeV in $y$ intervals for ($0.25 < p_T < 0.65$), ($0.65 < p_T < 1.00$), ($1.00 < p_T < 2.50$) GeV$/c$.
Lambdabar over K0s @ 900GeV in y interals for (0.25<PT<0.65),(0.65<PT<1.00),(1.00<PT<2.50) GeV/c.
We report on a study of inclusive particle production in pp-interactions at 400 GeV/c. The data are based on 472 K reconstructed events recorded in the NA 27 experiment using the LEBC-EHS facility at CERN. The production cross sections are determined of pseudo scalar (π±,0, η andK±), scalar (f0(975)), vector (ρ±,0(770), ω(783), ϕ(1020),K*0(892), and\(\bar K^{ * 0} \)(892)), and tensorf0 mesons, of protons and antiprotons, and theΔ++,+,0(1232), and Λ(1520) baryon resonances in the forward hemisphere of the center of mass system, as well as longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions. The results are compared with predictions of the FRITIOF model and with other experimental data.
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The experimentally determined average charged-particle multiplicities, 〈nX〉, of the systems, X, produced in the following reactions for 147 GeV/c incident pion momentum are presented as functions of the square of the invariant mass of X, MX2, and of |t|:π−p→πfast−X, π−p→pX, π−p→Δ++X, π−p→(π−π+)ρ0X, and π−p→Λ0X. Details of the analysis are discussed. These data can be fit by the expression 〈nX〉=A+B ln MX2+C|t| and the coefficients obtained for B are equal within their uncertainties. C is significantly different from zero only for π−p→πfast−X. These results and 〈nX〉 data from other inclusive and total-inelastic-reaction studies are discussed in terms of a simple model which assumes contributions to 〈nX〉 from the target-fragmentation, the central, and the beam-fragmentation regions in the case of total-inelastic reactions. For inclusive reactions, either the beam or target fragmentation is replaced by an exchange-particle-fragmentation contribution. The s, t, and MX2 dependence of the parameters of the model are deduced from triple-Regge considerations. The data are found to be consistent with the model and values are presented for the parameters.
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Inclusive measurements of Λ 0 , Λ 0 , Ξ − , Σ(1385) ± ) production in the forward direction at the CERN intersecting storage rings are presented. A signal for simulataneous Λ 0 Λ 0 production is also observed with total x > 0.6, 2.3 < M Λ Λ < 2.5 GeV and with a cross section of (1.7 ± 0.2) μb.
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Photoproduction is studied at 2.8 and 4.7 GeV using a linearly polarized monoenergetic photon beam in a hydrogen bubble chamber. We discuss the experimental procedure, the determination of channel cross sections, and the analysis of the channel γp→pπ+π−. A model-independent analysis of the ρ0-decay angular distribution allows us to measure nine independent density-matrix elements. From these we find that the reaction γp→pρ0 proceeds almost completely through natural parity exchange for squared momentum transfers |t|<1 GeV2 and that the ρ production mechanism is consistent with s-channel c.m. helicity conservation for |t|<0.4 GeV2. A cross section for the production of π+π− pairs in the s-channel c.m. helicity-conserving p-wave state is determined. The ρ mass shape is studied as a function of momentum transfer and is found to be inconsistent with a t-independent Ross-Stodolsky factor. Using a t-dependent parametrization of the ρ0 mass shape we derive a phenomenological ρ0 cross section. We compare our phenomenological ρ0 cross section with other experiments and find good agreement for 0.05<|t|<1 GeV2. We discuss the discrepancies in the various determinations of the forward differential cross section. We study models for ρ0 photoproduction and find that the Söding model best describes the data. Using the Söding model we determine a ρ0 cross section. We determine cross sections and nine density-matrix elements for γp→Δ++π−. The parity asymmetry for Δ++ production is incompatible with simple one-pion exchange. We compare Δ++ production with models.
FROM QUOTED TOPOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONS. 1.44 GEV CROSS SECTION PUBLISHED PREVIOUSLY.
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NO TMIN CORRECTION HAS BEEN MADE.
The production properties ofKs0,\(\bar \Lambda\) andK+p interactions at 32 GeV/c are investigated using the final statistics of the experiment. We present total and semi-inclusive cross sections and aver-age multiplicities. Estimates are given of the diffractive dissociation contributions to total and differential cross sections. Thex-,pT−, and transverse mass dependence of inclusive and semi-inclusive distributions is discussed as well as properties of “prompt”Ks0's. The ratio of “prompt”K890+ (K8900) to “prompt”K0 cross sections is measured to be 1.03±0.12 (0.98±0.17). From a comparison of\(\bar \Lambda\) production inK±p interactions at 32 GeV/c, we estimate a strange sea-quark suppression of 0.26 ±0.02. The double differential cross sections ofKs0's is studied as a function of Feynman-x andpT2, and a Triple-Regge fit performed. The data are compared in detail to versions of the Lund-model for low-pT hadronic collisions.
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The reactionsπ−p→K0∑0(1385) andπ−p→K+∑−(1385) are studied at an incident momentum of 3.95 GeV/c using data from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment corresponding to approximately 90 events/μb. The total and differential cross sections and the density matrix elements of the Σ(1385) are presented. The results are compared with those obtained for the related processesπpp→K+∑+(1385) and\(K^ -p \to \pi ^ \mp\sum ^ \pm(1385)\) in this energy range. Evidence is presented for the existence of production mechanisms with exotic exchanges in thet channel.
FROM THE CHANNEL PI- P --> LAMBDA K0 PI0 WHICH HAS A CROSS SECTION OF 72 +- 4 MUB.
FROM THE CHANNEL PI- P --> LAMBDA K+ PI- WHICH HAS A CROSS SECTION OF 79 +- 3 MUB.
FORWARD CROSS SECTION.
The inclusive production of Λ , K S 0 , Σ ± (1385) and K ∗± (892) in π − p interactions at 6 GeV/ c has been studied. The observed cross sections are: σ ( Λ )=0.94±0.06 mb, σ (K S 0 )=0.98±0.06 mb, σ ( Σ + (1385))=60±7 μb , σ ( Σ − (1385))=90±9 μ b, σ( K ∗+ (892))=216±28 μ b and σ( K ∗− (892))=41±8 μ b , respectively. The inclusive spectra of these particles are presented as functions of squared transverse momentum and Feynman scaling variable x . The polarization of Λ has also been investigated. It is found from a comparison with higher-energy data that the inclusive cross sections for Σ ± (1385) and the production ratios Σ ± (1385)/ Λ in π − p at 6 GeV/ c have not reached the high-energy limiting values.
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We have measured the asymmetry of the cross section for γp→π+n from a polarized target at 5 and 16 GeV. The range of four-momentum transfer was 0.02<~−t<~1.0 GeV2. The π+ mesons were produced in a polarized butanol target and detected with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 20−GeVc spectrometer. A sizable asymmetry was found at both 5 and 16 GeV, a typical value being -0.6 near −t=0.3 GeV2. A small amount of data on the asymmetry of other photoproduction processes was also obtained.
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Cross sections or upper limits are reported for 12 meson-baryon and two baryon-baryon reactions for an incident momentum of 9.9 GeV/c, near 90° c.m.: π±p→pπ±,pp±,π+°±,K+Σ±, (Λ0/Σ0)K0; K±p→pK±; p±p→pp. By studying the flavor dependence of the different reactions, we have been able to isolate the quark-interchange mechanism as dominant over gluon exchange and quark-antiquark annihilation.
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The production cross sections for the Λ, Σ0, Ξ−, Σ0 (1385), Ξ0 (1530) and Ω− hyperons have been measured, both in the continuum and in direct ϒ decays. Baryon rates in direct ϒ decays are enhanced by a factor of 2.5 or more compared to the continuum. Such a large baryon enhancement cannot be explained by standard fragmentation models. The strangeness suppression for baryons and mesons turns out to be the same. A strong suppression of spin 3/2 states is observed.
Hyperon rates per multihadronic event in direct UPSILON decays.
Hyperon rates per multihadronic event in the continuum.
LAMBDA spectrum (1/SIG(had))*D(SIG)/D(X) for UPSILON (1S) direct decays, with X = P/Pmax.
Inclusive and semi-inclusive production of Λ and\(\bar \Lambda\) inK+p interactions is studied at an incident momentum of 70 GeV/c. Cross sections and single particle distributions are presented and compared with data at lower energies. Scaling is observed between 32 and 70 GeV/c in the Feynmanx variable in the target and the beam fragmentation regions for Λ and\(\bar \Lambda\) inclusive production respectively. An increase of Λ (\(\bar \Lambda\)) production is observed in the beam (target) fragmentation regions, whereas the data at 70 and 32 GeV/c are reasonably close in the central region. The dependence of the Λ(\(\bar \Lambda\)) polarization as a function ofx is measured and found to be in general agreement with the results at 32 GeV/c. The (Λ\(\bar \Lambda\)) pair production cross section increases significantly from 32 to 70 GeV/c. The Λ and\(\bar \Lambda\) production associated with an identified proton is also studied.
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The reactionsπ−p→K0(890) Λ,K0(890)Σ0 andK0(890)Σ0 are studied at an incident momentum of 3.95 GeV/c using data from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment corresponding to ∼90 events/μb. The differential cross sections, density matrix elements of the vector meson and hyperon polarizations are presented. A transversity amplitude analysis is performed for each of the reactions. The results are compared with those obtained for the SU(3) related processesK−p→ϕΔ, ϕΣ0, ϕΣ0(1385) andϱ−Σ+(1385) and with predictions of the additive quark model and SU(6) sum rules.
BREIT-WIGNER FIT WITH BACKGROUND POLYNOMIAL.
BACKWARD CROSS SECTION.
TOTAL CROSS SECTION USING SLICING TECHNIQUE. FORWARD (-TP < 1.2 GEV**2) CROSS SECTION IS 25 +- 2 MUB: DOUBLE MASS CUT GIVES 20 +- 7 PCT BACKGROUND CONTAMINATION.
We use 772$\times 10^6$ $B \bar{B}$ meson pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector to measure the branching fraction for $\bar{B} \rightarrow X_s \gamma$. Our measurement uses a sum-of-exclusives approach in which 38 of the hadronic final states with strangeness equal to $+1$, denoted by $X_s$, are reconstructed. The inclusive branching fraction for $M_{X_s}<$ 2.8 GeV/$c^2$, which corresponds to a minimum photon energy of 1.9 GeV, is measured to be ${\cal B}(\bar{B} \rightarrow X_s \gamma)=(3.51\pm0.17\pm0.33)\times10^{-4}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
The yields and partial branching fraction in each $M_{X_s}$ mass bin for the decay $\bar{B} \rightarrow X_s \gamma$, where $\bar{B}$ is either $\bar{B}^0$ or $B^-$, $X_s$ denotes all the hadron combinations that carry strangeness of +1, and charge conjugation is implied.
We present a measurement of angular observables, $P_4'$, $P_5'$, $P_6'$, $P_8'$, in the decay $B^0 \to K^\ast(892)^0 \ell^+ \ell^-$, where $\ell^+\ell^-$ is either $e^+e^-$ or $\mu^+\mu^-$. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $711~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ containing $772\times 10^{6}$ $B\bar B$ pairs, collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider KEKB. Four angular observables, $P_{4,5,6,8}'$ are extracted in five bins of the invariant mass squared of the lepton system, $q^2$. We compare our results for $P_{4,5,6,8}'$ with Standard Model predictions including the $q^2$ region in which the LHCb collaboration reported the so-called $P_5'$ anomaly.
Results of the angular analysis of $B^0 \to K^\ast(892)^0 \ell^+ \ell^-$ (where $\ell = e,\mu$) in five bins of $q^2$, the di-lepton invariant mass squared.
A search for the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) critical point was performed by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, using dynamical fluctuations of unlike particle pairs. Heavy-ion collisions were studied over a large range of collision energies with homogeneous acceptance and excellent particle identification, covering a significant range in the QCD phase diagram where a critical point may be located. Dynamical $K\pi$, $p\pi$, and $Kp$ fluctuations as measured by the STAR experiment in central 0-5\% Au+Au collisions from center-of-mass collision energies $\rm \sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 to 200 GeV are presented. The observable $\rm \nu_{dyn}$ was used to quantify the magnitude of the dynamical fluctuations in event-by-event measurements of the $K\pi$, $p\pi$, and $Kp$ pairs. The energy dependences of these fluctuations from central 0-5\% Au+Au collisions all demonstrate a smooth evolution with collision energy.
$p\pi$, Kp, and $K\pi$ fluctuations as a function of collision energy, expressed as $v_{dyn,p\pi}$, $v_{dyn,Kp}$, and $v_{dyn,K\pi}$ respectively. Shown are data from central (0-5%) Au+Au collisions at energies from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 7.7 to 200 GeV from the STAR experiment.
We present high precision measurements of elliptic flow near midrapidity ($|y|<1.0$) for multi-strange hadrons and $\phi$ meson as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV. We observe that the transverse momentum dependence of $\phi$ and $\Omega$ $v_{2}$ is similar to that of $\pi$ and $p$, respectively, which may indicate that the heavier strange quark flows as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. This observation constitutes a clear piece of evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions at the top RHIC energy. Number of constituent quark scaling is found to hold within statistical uncertainty for both 0-30$\%$ and 30-80$\%$ collision centrality. There is an indication of the breakdown of previously observed mass ordering between $\phi$ and proton $v_{2}$ at low transverse momentum in the 0-30$\%$ centrality range, possibly indicating late hadronic interactions affecting the proton $v_{2}$.
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We present particle spectra for charged hadrons $\pi^\pm, K^\pm, p$ and $\bar{p}$ from pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV measured for the first time at forward rapidities (2.95 and 3.3). The kinematics of these measurements are skewed in a way that probes the small momentum fraction in one of the protons and large fractions in the other. Large proton to pion ratios are observed at values of transverse momentum that extend up to 4 GeV/c, where protons have momenta up to 35 GeV. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations describe the production of pions and kaons well at these rapidities, but fail to account for the large proton yields and small $\bar{p}/p$ ratios.
Invariant cross section for PI+ production in P P collisions at SQRT(S)=200 GeV and rapidity 2.95.
Invariant cross section for PI- production in P P collisions at SQRT(S)=200 GeV and rapidity 2.95.
Invariant cross section for K+ production in P P collisions at SQRT(S)=200 GeV and rapidity 2.95.
The production of the Sigma+ hyperon through the pp->K+nSigma+ reaction has been investigated at four energies close to threshold, 1.826, 1.920, 1.958, and 2.020 GeV. At low energies, correlated K+pi+ pairs can only originate from Sigma+ production so that their measurement allows the total cross section for the reaction to be determined. The results obtained are completely consistent with the values extracted from the study of the K+-proton correlation spectra obtained in the same experiment. These spectra, as well as the inclusive K+ momentum distributions, also provide conservative upper limits on the Sigma+ production rates. The measurements show a Sigma+ production cross section that varies roughly like phase space and, in particular, none of the three experimental approaches used supports the anomalously high near-threshold pp->K+ nSigma+ total cross section previously reported [T. Rozek et al., Phys. Lett. B 643, 251 (2006)].
The K+ double-differential cross section at each of the 5 beam energies intgerated over momentum bins of width +- 12 MeV/c. Note the errors do not include the 7 PCT systematic uncertainty coming from the normalization.
Total cross section for the P P --> K+ P LAMBDA.
Total cross section for the P P --> K+ P SIGMA0.
Measurements of hadron production in p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c are performed using the NA61/ SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. The analysis is based on the full set of data collected in 2009 using a graphite target with a thickness of 4% of a nuclear interaction length. Inelastic and production cross sections as well as spectra of $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, p, $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ are measured with high precision. These measurements are essential for improved calculations of the initial neutrino fluxes in the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan. A comparison of the NA61/SHINE measurements with predictions of several hadroproduction models is presented.
The double differential $\pi^+$ production cross section in the laboratory system for p+C interactions at 31 GeV$/c$. The results are presented as a function of momentum, $p$ (in [GeV/$c$]), in different angular intervals, $\theta$ (in [mrad]). The statistical and systematic errors are quoted.
The double differential $\pi^+$ production cross section in the laboratory system for p+C interactions at 31 GeV$/c$. The results are presented as a function of momentum, $p$ (in [GeV/$c$]), in different angular intervals, $\theta$ (in [mrad]). The statistical and systematic errors are quoted.
The double differential $\pi^+$ production cross section in the laboratory system for p+C interactions at 31 GeV$/c$. The results are presented as a function of momentum, $p$ (in [GeV/$c$]), in different angular intervals, $\theta$ (in [mrad]). The statistical and systematic errors are quoted.
Inclusive φ production is studied in π − p collisions at 16 GeV/ c . The φ cross section for Feynman variable x φ > 0.2 is found to be (15.5 ± 3.6) μb. This leads to an extrapolated cross section of (29.9 ± 7.0) μb for x φ > 0.0. Fitting the momentum transfer squared distribution of the φ to the form e −bp 2 T gives an average slope of b = (2.4 ± 0.3) (GeV/ c −2 for x φ > 0.5.
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DATA OBTAINED FROM FIGURE BY A.A. LEBEDEV.
A new high precision measurement of the reaction pp -> pK+Lambda at a beam momentum of 2.95 GeV/c with more than 200,000 analyzed events allows a detailed analysis of differential observables and their inter-dependencies. Correlations of the angular distributions with momenta are examined. The invariant mass distributions are compared for different regions in the Dalitz plots. The cusp structure at the N Sigma threshold is described with the Flatt\'e formalism and its variation in the Dalitz plot is analyzed.
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The cross section for the K L 0 p elastic scattering has been measured for the first time. The incident momentum and momentum transfer ranges are 3 ⩽ p ⩽ 13 GeV/ c , 0.1 ⩽ | t | ⩽ 1.3 GeV 2 . The results are compared to those of other experiments related to ours by isotopic spin conservation, finding agreement with some and discrepancies with others. The differential cross sections have been parametrized in the form A e bt . The coefficients show little or no dependence on energy, with A ≅ 9.8 mb · GeV −2 and b ≅ 4.7 GeV −2 . The effective linear trajectory has been determined and gives α 0 = 0.95 ± 0.15, α ′ = −0.35 ± 0.48 GeV −2 , in good agreement with dominance by pomeron exchange.
CROSS SECTIONS DEDUCED FROM THE 46 PCT OF EVENTS WHICH YIELD UNIQUE SOLUTIONS.
<RAW> CROSS SECTIONS DEDUCED FROM A STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF ALL EVENTS.
<SMOOTHED> CROSS SECTIONS DEDUCED FROM A STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF ALL EVENTS.
The dimuon production in 200 GeV/nucleon O-U, O-Cu, S-U and p-U reactions is studied in function of transverse energy E T produced by the collision. The J / ψ production relative to continuum events is suppressed for heavy ion induced reactions when E T increases. This suppression is enhanced at low transverse momentum. The π and K meson distributions extracted from the data, have, for each reaction, a similar average transverse momentum which increases only slightly with the transverse energy.
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abstract only
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The differential elastic scattering cross section for 2.24 GeV/ c K − p collisions has been measured in film from the Brookhaven 20″ bubble chamber. The total elastic cross section is found to be 6.2 ± 0.7 mb. The exponential dependence on square of the momentum t in (GeV/ c ) 2 is fitted by ( d σ d Ω elastic = (12.4 ± 1.0 mb/sr) exp (7.81 ± 0.25)t . A A fit to a black disc model requires a radius of 0.95 ± 0.05 fm.
D(SIG)/D(T) was fitted to CONST*EXP(-SLOPE*T).
A phase shift analysis of the K<sup loc="post">+</sup>p elastic scattering at 780 MeV/c has been performed. The experimental differential cross section is best explained by a solution with dominant s wave, negative s wave phase shift (−42.7 ± 1 deg.) and small contributions of p and d waves.
Corrected for PI+ P events and scanning efficiency.
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Only statistical errors are given.
The projectile fission of uranium at relativistic energy impinging on a Be target was investigated with the fragment separator, FRS, in order to produce and identify new isotopes and to measure their production yields. Fifty eight new fragments have been observed with a neutron excess of (N - Z)/Z reaching 0.8 and cross sections as small as 0.3 nb.
No description provided.
The 132 pbt - 1 of data collected by ALEPH from 1991 to 1994 have been used to analyze η and ω production in τ decays. The following branching fractions have been measured: \(B\left( {{\tau ^ - } \to {\nu _\tau }\omega {h^ - }} \right) = \left( {1.91 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.06} \right) \times {10^{ - 2}},\)\(B\left( {{\tau ^ - } \to {\nu _\tau }\omega {h^ - }{\pi ^0}} \right) = \left( {4.3 \pm 0.6 \pm 0.5} \right) \times {10^{ - 3}},\)\(B\left( {{\tau ^ - } \to {\nu _\tau }\eta {K^ - }} \right) = \left( {2.9_{ - 1.2}^{ + 1.3} \pm 0.7} \right) \times {10^{ - 4}},\)\(B\left( {{\tau ^ - } \to {\nu _\tau }\eta {h^ - }{\pi ^0}} \right) = \left( {1.8 \pm 0.4 \pm 0.2} \right) \times {10^{ - 3}}\) and the 95% C.L. limit B(τ− → ντηπt -) < 6.2 × 10t - 4 has been obtained. The ωπt- and ηπt -π0 rates and dynamics are found in agreement with the predictions made from e+e∼ - annihilation data with the help of isospin invariance (CVC).
$\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ mass distribution (two entries per event) in the $\pi^{\pm}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ final state for the one-photon sample. The bin size has been chosen to display the detailed shape of the $\omega$ peak. The non-resonant contribution is represented by a simple polynomial. Non-$\tau$ background has been subtracted. The error has been set to zero if it is smaller than the point size.
$\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ mass distributions (two entries per event) in the $\pi^{\pm}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ final state for the two-photon sample. The bin size has been chosen to display the detailed shape of the $\omega$ peak. The non-resonant contribution is represented by a simple polynomial. Non-$\tau$ background has been subtracted. The error has been set to zero if it is smaller than the point size.
Background-subtracted $\omega\pi$ mass spectrum for the data presented here, plotted as black dots. The error has been set to zero if it is smaller than the point size.
We have measured pi+pi- and K+K- production in two-photon collisions using 87.7 /fb of data collected with the Belle detector at the asymmetric energy e+e- collider KEKB. The cross sections are measured to high precision in the two-photon center-of-mass energy (W) range between 2.4 GeV < W < 4.1 GeV and angular region |cos theta^{*}| < 0.6. The cross section ratio sigma(gammagamma->K+K-)/sigma(gammagamma->pi+pi-) is measured to be 0.89 +- 0.04(stat) +- 0.15(syst) in the range of 3.0 GeV < W < 4.1 GeV, where the ratio is energy independent. We observe a sin^{-4} theta^{*} behavior of the cross section in the same W range. Production of chi_{c0} and chi_{c2} mesons is observed in both gammagamma -> pi+pi- and gammagamma -> K+K- modes.
Cross sections for PI+ PI- and K+ K- production.
Ratio of K+ K- to PI+ PI- production in the region of W from 3.0 to 4.1 GeV, where the ratio is energy independent.
Angular dependence of the normalized differential cross section, $\sigma_0^{-1}{\rm d}\sigma/{\rm d}|\cos\theta^*|$, for the $\pi^+\pi^-$ process. The errors are statistical only.
From a sample of about 75000 τ decays identified with the ALEPH detector, K 0 production in 1-prong hadronic decays is investigated by tagging the K L 0 component in a hadronic calorimeter. Results are given for the final states ν τ h − K 0 and ν τ h − π 0 K 0 where the h − is separated into π and K contributions by means of the dE / dx measurement in in the central detector. The resulting branching ratios are: ( Bτ → ν τ π − K 0 ) = (0.88±0.14±0.09)%, ( Bτ → ν τ K − K 0 ) = (0.29±0.12±0.03)%, ( Bτ → ν τ π − π 0 K 0 ) = (0.33±0.14±0.07)% aand ( Bτ → ν τ K − π 0 K 0 ) = (0.05±0.05±0.01)%. The K ∗ decay rate in the K 0 π channel agrees with that in the Kπ 0 mode: the combined value for the branching ratio is (Bτ → ν τ K ∗− ) = (1.45±0.13±0.11)% .
Invariant mass distribution for the $K^0\pi$ system data. The numbers have been read from the plot in the paper.
Form a sample of about 75000 τ decays measured in the ALEPH detector, 1-prong charged kaon decays are identified by the dE / dx measurement in the central detector. The resulting branching ratios for the inclusive and exclusive modes are: B ( τ → ν τ K − ≥ 0 π 0 ≥ 0 K 0 ) = (1.60±0.07±0.12)%, B ( τ → ν τ K − = (0.64±0.05±0.05)%, B ( τ → ν τ − π 0 = (0.53±0.05±0.07)% and B ( τ → ν τ K − π 0 π 0 ) = (0.04±0.03±0.02)%. Exclusive modes are corrected for measured K L 0 production. The rate for τ → ν τ K − agrees well with the prediction based on τ - μ universality.
Invariant mass distribution of the $K\pi^0$ final state, as obtained from a $dE/dx$ fit in each mass bin. The numbers have been read from the plot in the paper, with the errors simply set to zero if they are smaller than the point size.
p p annihilation cross sections into 2-, 4- and 6-prong topologies, and the exclusive annihilation cross sections for the π + π − , K + K − , π + π − π 0 , π + π + π − π − , π + π + π − π − π 0 , π + π + π + π − π − π − , and π + π + π + π − π − π − π 0 channels in the momentum range 374–680 MeV/ c were measured. No prominent structure was observed in the momentum dependence of any of the above cross sections, but a small enhancement in the cross section was observed at 490 MeV/ c corresponding to the S meson mass in the topological, and π + π − π 0 and π + π + π − π − π 0 cross sections. If the extensive of the S meson with a mass and width of 1935.5 and 2.8 MeV/ c 2 is assumed, our measurement gives a total resonant annihilation cross section into charged particles of 10.0±3.0 mb.
FIRST CROSS SECTION IS CHARGED ANNIHILATION CROSS SECTION AND IS THE SUM OF THE 2, 4, AND 6PRONG.
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The production of $J/\psi$ mesons accompanied by open charm, and of pairs of open charm hadrons are observed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of $355pb^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. Model independent measurements of absolute cross-sections are given together with ratios to the measured $J/\psi$ and open charm cross-sections. The properties of these events are studied and compared to theoretical predictions.
Normalized differential cross-section $d\ln\sigma(pp\rightarrow J/\psi D^0 X)/dp_T(J/\psi)$ for $2<y(J/\psi)<4$, $p_T(J/\psi)<12$ GeV/$c$, $2<y(D^0)<4$, $3<p_T(D^0)<12$ GeV/$c$ region.
Normalized differential cross-section $d\ln\sigma(pp\rightarrow J/\psi D^+ X)/dp_T(J/\psi)$ for $2<y(J/\psi)<4$, $p_T(J/\psi)<12$ GeV/$c$, $2<y(D^+)<4$, $3<p_T(D^+)<12$ GeV/$c$ region.
Normalized differential cross-section $d\ln\sigma(pp\rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+ X)/dp_T(J/\psi)$ for $2<y(J/\psi)<4$, $p_T(J/\psi)<12$ GeV/$c$, $2<y(D_s^+)<4$, $3<p_T(D_s^+)<12$ GeV/$c$ region.
The transverse polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar\Lambda$ hyperons produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is measured. The analysis uses 760 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ of minimum bias data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2010. The measured transverse polarization averaged over Feynman $x_{\rm F}$ from $5\times 10^{-5}$ to 0.01 and transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ from 0.8 to 15 GeV is $-0.010 \pm 0.005({\rm stat}) \pm 0.004({\rm syst})$ for $\Lambda$ and $0.002 \pm 0.006({\rm stat}) \pm 0.004({\rm syst})$ for $\bar\Lambda$. It is also measured as a function of $x_{\rm F}$ and $p_{\rm T}$, but no significant dependence on these variables is observed. Prior to this measurement, the polarization was measured at fixed-target experiments with center-of-mass energies up to about 40 GeV. The ATLAS results are compatible with the extrapolation of a fit from previous measurements to the $x_{\rm F}$ range covered by this mesurement.
Transverse polarization POL of LAMBDA and LAMBDABAR hyperons averaged over PT and XF.
Transverse polarization POL of LAMBDA and LAMBDABAR hyperons as a function of XF.
Transverse polarization POL of LAMBDA and LAMBDABAR hyperons as a function of PT.
A measurement is presented of the phi to K+K- production cross section at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 383 mub-1, collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Selection of phi(1020) mesons is based on the identification of charged kaons by their energy loss in the pixel detector. The differential cross section is measured as a function of the transverse momentum, pTphi, and rapidity, |yphi|, of the phi(1020) meson in the fiducial region 500 < pTphi< 1200 MeV, |yphi| < 0.8, kaon pTK> 230 MeV and kaon momentum pK< 800 MeV.The integrated phi(1020)-meson production cross section in this fiducial range is measured to be s(phi K+K-) = 570 pm 8 (stat) pm 66 (syst) pm 20 (lumi) mub.
The differential PHI(1020) meson production cross section measured in the fiducial region as a function of the PHI(1020) transverse momentum.
The differential PHI(1020) meson production cross section measured in the fiducial region as a function of the PHI(1020) rapidity.
The integrated PHI(1020) meson production cross section in the fiducial region.
We study the processes $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 \gamma$, $K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-\gamma$, where the photon is radiated from the initial state, providing cross section measurements for the hadronic states over a continuum of center-of-mass energies. The results are based on 469 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the BaBar detector at SLAC. We observe the $\phi(1020)$ resonance in the $K_S^0 K_L^0$ final state and measure the product of its electronic width and branching fraction with about 3% uncertainty. We present a measurement of the $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 $ cross section in the energy range from 1.06 to 2.2 GeV and observe the production of a resonance at 1.67 GeV. We present the first measurements of the $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-$ cross sections, and study the intermediate resonance structures. We obtain the first observations of \jpsi decay to the $K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-$ final states.
Cross section measurement for PHI(1020).
Mass measurement for PHI(1020).
Measurement of the PHI(1020) width.
We present the analysis of the inclusive $K^{0}$ production in p+p and p+Nb collisions measured with the HADES detector at a beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV. Data are compared to the GiBUU transport model. The data suggest the presence of a repulsive momentum-dependent kaon potential as predicted by the Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). For the kaon at rest and at normal nuclear density, the ChPT potential amounts to $\approx 35$ MeV. A detailed tuning of the kaon production cross sections implemented in the model has been carried out to reproduce the experimental data measured in p+p collisions. The uncertainties in the parameters of the model were examined with respect to the sensitivity of the experimental results from p+Nb collisions to the in-medium kaon potential.
The K0 production cross section in P P collisions.
The K0 production cross section in P + NB collisions. The uncertainty given on SIG(P NB --> K0 X) is the dominating absolute normalization uncertainty.
We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries of charged kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of electrons off a transversely polarized $^3{\rm{He}}$ target. Both the Collins and Sivers moments, which are related to the nucleon transversity and Sivers distributions, respectively, are extracted over the kinematic range of 0.1$<$$x_{bj}$$<$0.4 for $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ production. While the Collins and Sivers moments for $K^{+}$ are consistent with zero within the experimental uncertainties, both moments for $K^{-}$ favor negative values. The Sivers moments are compared to the theoretical prediction from a phenomenological fit to the world data. While the $K^{+}$ Sivers moments are consistent with the prediction, the $K^{-}$ results differ from the prediction at the 2-sigma level.
The Collins and Sivers moments for K+.
The Collins and Sivers moments for K-.
We report measurements of the inclusive transverse momentum pT distribution of centrally produced kshort, kstar(892), and phi(1020) mesons up to pT = 10 GeV/c in minimum-bias events, and kshort and lambda particles up to pT = 20 GeV/c in jets with transverse energy between 25 GeV and 160 GeV in pbar p collisions. The data were taken with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. We find that as pT increases, the pT slopes of the three mesons (kshort, kstar, and phi) are similar, and the ratio of lambda to kshort as a function of pT in minimum-bias events becomes similar to the fairly constant ratio in jets at pT ~ 5 GeV/c. This suggests that the particles with pT >~ 5 GeV/c in minimum-bias events are from soft jets, and that the pT slope of particles in jets is insensitive to light quark flavor (u, d, or s) and to the number of valence quarks. We also find that for pT <~ 4 GeV relatively more lambda baryons are produced in minimum-bias events than in jets.
The inclusive invariant differential cross section for K0S production.
The inclusive invariant differential cross section for PHI production.
The inclusive invariant differential cross section for K*(892)+- production.
The g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ reaction has been measured from threshold to Eg=1.45 GeV (W_cm=1.9 GeV) using the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. In the present experiment, this reaction was searched for in the 3pi^0 p final state, by assuming K^0_S -> pi^0 pi^0 and Sigma^+ -> pi^0 p. The experimental results include total and differential cross sections as well as the polarization of the recoil hyperon. The new data significantly improve empirical knowledge about the g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ reaction in the measured energy range. The results are compared to previous measurements and model predictions. It is demonstrated that adding the present g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ results to existing data allowed a better description of this reaction with various models.
The differential cross section for photon energies 1125, 1175 and 1225 MeV.
The differential cross section for photon energies 1275, 1325, 1375 and 1425 MeV.
The recoil polarization of the SIGMA+ for photon energy 1125, 1175 and 1225 MeV.
The cross sections of the processes $e^+ e^- \to K^+ K^- J/\psi$ and $K_S^0K_S^0J/\psi$ are measured via initial state radiation at center-of-mass energies between the threshold and 6.0~GeV using a data sample of 980~fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector on or near the $\Upsilon(nS)$ resonances, where $n=$1, 2, ..., 5. The cross sections for $e^+ e^- \to K^+ K^- J/\psi$ are at a few pb level and the average cross section for $e^+ e^- \to K_S^0K_S^0J/\psi$ is $1.8\pm 0.6 (\rm stat.)\pm 0.3 (\rm syst.)$~pb between 4.4 and 5.2~GeV. All of them are consistent with previously published results with improved precision. A search for resonant structures and associated intermediate states in the cross section of the process $e^+ e^- \to K^+ K^- J/\psi$ is performed.
Cross section for K+ K- J/PSI production as a function of SQRT(S). Upper limits include the systematic errors.
Cross section for K0S K0S J/PSI production as a function of SQRT(S).
Average cross section for K0S K0S J/PSI production.
Exclusive production of the isoscalar vector mesons $\omega$ and $\phi$ is measured with a 190 GeV$/c$ proton beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. Cross section ratios are determined in three intervals of the Feynman variable $x_{F}$ of the fast proton. A significant violation of the OZI rule is found, confirming earlier findings. Its kinematic dependence on $x_{F}$ and on the invariant mass $M_{p\mathrm{V}}$ of the system formed by fast proton $p_\mathrm{fast}$ and vector meson $V$ is discussed in terms of diffractive production of $p_\mathrm{fast}V$ resonances in competition with central production. The measurement of the spin density matrix element $\rho_{00}$ of the vector mesons in different selected reference frames provides another handle to distinguish the contributions of these two major reaction types. Again, dependences of the alignment on $x_{F}$ and on $M_{p\mathrm{V}}$ are found. Most of the observations can be traced back to the existence of several excited baryon states contributing to $\omega$ production which are absent in the case of the $\phi$ meson. Removing the low-mass $M_{p\mathrm{V}}$ resonant region, the OZI rule is found to be violated by a factor of eight, independently of $x_\mathrm{F}$.
Differential cross section ratio R(PHI/OMEGA) and corresponding OZI violation factors F(OZI). R(PHI/OMEGA) is multiplied by 100 to improve readability.
Differential cross section ratio R(PHI/OMEGA) and corresponding OZI violation factors F(OZI) for different cuts on the vector meson momentum P(V). R(PHI/OMEGA) is multiplied by 100 to improve readability.
Spin alignment RHO(00) extracted from the helicity angle distributions for PHI and OMEGA production, in the latter case with various cuts on P(V). The uncertainty is the propagated uncertainty from the linear fits, which in turn includes the quadratic sum of statistical uncertainties and uncertainties from the background subtraction.
Measurements of inclusive differential cross sections for charged pion and kaon production in electron-positron annihilation have been carried out at a center-of-mass energy of Q = 10.52 GeV. The measurements were performed with the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider using a data sample containing 113 million e+e- -> qqbar events, where q={u,d,s,c}. We present charge-integrated differential cross sections d\sigma_h+-/dz for h+- = pi+-, K+- as a function of the relative hadron energy z = 2*E_h / sqrt{s} from 0.2 to 0.98. The combined statistical and systematic uncertainties for pi+- (K+-) are 4% (4%) at z ~ 0.6 and 15% (24%) at z ~ 0.9. The cross sections are the first measurements of the z-dependence of pion and kaon production for z > 0.7 as well as the first precision cross section measurements at a center-of-mass energy far below the Z^0 resonance used by the experiments at LEP and SLC.
Measured charged-integrated differential cross sections for charged pion and kaon production as a function of the fractional hadron energy Z (=2*Eh/sqrt(s)).
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